• 대한교통학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2011

이 연구는 2004년부터 2007년까지 청주시 50개 교차로에 대한 패널자료를 이용한 교통사고 모형을 다루고 있다. 패널자료는 동일한 샘플을 이용하여 매년 반복적으로 수집된 자료를 의미한다. 연구의 목적은 위의 패널자료를 이용하여 교통사고 모형을 개발하는데 있다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 TSCSREG에 포함된 다양한 모형 중 최적의 모형을 도출하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교통사고의 다양한 요인들을 설명하는 4개의 패널자료 모형이 개발되었다. 둘째, 고정효과모형의 독립변수 t값이 임의효과모형에 비하여 더 작은 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 교차로의 횡단보도수와 총 교차로수가 사고에 정(+)의 효과를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between formation of employment subcenters and regional industrial structures in Incheon. Research design, data, and methodology: We used the five-year panel data from 2012 to 2016 in 146 basic municipal units of Incheon to analyze panel regression models. Gross employment density and employment to population ratio were used as indicators of employment subcenters formation. The entropy index and Hachman index were used for analyzing the diversity and heterogeneity of industrial structures. Result: The analyses of two panel regression models showed that for the formation of employment subcenters, both the Entropy and Hachman index were significantly negative in most models. But tertiary industry was shown to have a significant positive relationship in all models. In the wholesale and retail sector, it was found that the average number of employees in the employment subcenters is significantly higher than that in the non-employment subcenters. Conclusions: The specialization of the industrial structure rather than the diversification contributes to the formation of the employment subcenters in Incheon. In particular, it can be considered that the wholesale and retail sector plays a very important role in forming the employment subcenters in many areas of Incheon.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2002

Research to discuss the fire performance of materials requires tools for measuring their burning characteristics and validated fire growth models to predict fire behavior of the materials under specific tire scenarios using the measured properties as input for the models. In this study, burning characteristics such as time to ignition, weight loss rate, flame spread, heat release rate, total heat evolved, and effective heat of combustion for four types of wood-based materials were evaluated using the cone calorimeter and inclined panel tests. Time to ignition was affected by not only surface condition and specific gravity of the tested materials but also the type and magnitude of heat source. Results of weight loss rate, measured by inclined panel tests, indicated that heat transfer from the contacted flame used as the heat source into the inner part of the specimen was inversely proportional to specific gravity of material. Flame spread was closely related with ignition time at the near part of burning zone. Under constant and severe external heat flux, there was little difference in weight loss rate and total heat evolved between four types of wood-based panels. More applied heat flux caused by longer ignition time induced a higher first peak value of heat release rate. Burning characteristics data measured in this study can be used effectively as input for fire growth models to predict the fire behavior of materials under specific fire scenarios.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2017

This study investigates the factors that affect China's air pollution using city-level panel data and spatial econometric models. We address three air pollutants ($PM_{10}$, $SO_2$, and $NO_2$) present in 30 cities in China between 2004-2012 using global OLS and spatial models. To develop the spatial econometric analysis, we create a spatial weights matrix to define spatial patterns based on two neighborhood criteria - the queen contiguity and k nearest neighbors. The results show that the estimated coefficients are relatively consistent across different spatial weight criteria. The OLS models indicate that the effect of green spaces is statistically significant in decreasing the concentrations of all air pollutants. In the $PM_{10}$ and $SO_2$ analyses, the OLS models find that the number of buses and population density are also positively related to a reduction in the concentration of air pollutants. In addition, an increase in the temperature and the presence of secondary industries increase $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ concentrations, respectively. All spatial models capture a positive and significant effect of green spaces on reducing the concentration of each air pollutant. Our results suggest that green spaces in cities should receive priority consideration in local planning aimed at sustainable development. Furthermore, policymakers need to be able to discern the differences among pollutants when establishing environmental policies.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 동적 다변량 그래프 데이터의 연속적 분석이 가능한 질의 모델을 설계 및 구현하였다. 먼저, 질의 모델을 판별함수 설정과 시간에 따른 통합 방법 선택의 두 단계로 설계하고, 질의 패널, 그래프 시각화 패널, 속성 패널로 구성된 질의 시스템으로 구현하였다. 또한, 그래프 표현에는 노드-링크 다이어그램과 Force-Directed Graph Drawing 알고리즘을 이용하였으며, 질의 결과로 선택된 대상들에 효과를 적용하여 사용자가 시각적으로 구분할 수 있도록 처리하였다. 마지막으로, 세계 소형 무기 거래량 데이터를 이용하여, 본 연구에서 설계한 동적 다변량 그래프 질의 모델을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 동적 그래프의 연속적 분석이 가능한 새로운 질의 모델을 설계하는 것을 통해, 기존 모델이 동적 그래프를 시점별로 이산적으로만 분석할 수 있는 한계를 개선하였다는데 의의가 있다. 본 연구는 추세 분석이나, 복잡계 네트워크 해석 등 동적 그래프를 사용하는 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.521-529
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• 2013

패널 시계열자료 분석에서 모수축약의 원칙에 충실하기 위해서 동질성 검정을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 독립적인 중선형 시계열 패널 자료의 동질성 검정을 수행하기 위하여 먼저 중선형 시계열 모형의 정상성 조건을 구하고 최우추정량과 동질성 검정통계량과 극한 분포를 이끌어내며, 실증분석으로 우리나라 8도의 Mumps 패널자료를 이용해 8개 지역의 발병 추이에 대한 동질성 검정을 수행한다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2014

Oil is obviously vital for economic growth and industry development. This paper attempts to explore whether or not there is a inverted-U relationship between oil consumption and economic growth. To this end, we employ a panel data analysis with fixed effect or random effect models using the set of data from 61 countries for the year 1990-2008. In conclusion, a statistically significant inverted-U relationship between per capita consumption of oil and per capita GDP is found. However, the level of per capita GDP at the peak point of per capita oil consumption is estimated to be 65,072 in 2005 international constant dollars, which is much larger than economic scales of sampled countries. Thus, as per capita GDP grows, per capita oil consumption is predicted to increase until eventually reaching the peak.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing fish production of shallow-sea aquaculture in South Korea. This study employed the two-way fixed effect and random effect models based on the panel models and also the difference between GMM and system GMM models based on the dynamic panel models using the amount of fish farming production, the number of stocked fry, the number of cultured fish, the amount of inputted feed, the farming area, the number of workers, and the sales price data from 2010 to 2017. First, the two-way fixed effect model of the panel models was selected by panel characteristics, time characteristics and Hausman tests and also the model was statistically significant. As a result of the two-way fixed effect model, the number of stocked fry, the amount of inputted feed, and the number of workers were identified as factors that increase the fish production of shallow-sea aquaculture. However, the number of cultured fish and the sales price were analyzed as factors that reduce the fish production of shallow-sea aquaculture. Second, the system GMM model of the dynamic panel models was selected by Hansen test and Arellano-Bond test in order to identify whether or not the over-discrimination condition is appropriate. Based on the system GMM model, the number of stocked fry, the amount of inputted feed, the number of workers in this year and 1 year ago, the number of cultured fish 2 years ago, and the sale price 3 years ago were analyzed as factors that increase the fish production of shallow-sea aquaculture. However, the amount of fish farming production 1, 2, 3 years ago, the farming area in this year, and the number of cultured fish in this year and 1 year ago were identified as factors that reduce the fish production of shallow-sea aquaculture. In conclusion, this study suggests that it is desirable to control the amount of stocked fry rather than to expand the farming area for fish farming in shallow-sea aquaculture, so as to keep the sale price at a certain level by maintaining the appropriate amount of fish production.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.74-84
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• 1994

This paper discusses a method to generate the tool path for NC machining of automobile panel dies. The source data representing a panel die may be generated from digitizing machines, other CAD/CAM systems via IGES files, of compound surface models. From the source data, three types of interferencefree tool paths are generated automatically ; a parallel (Cartesian), an isometric, and a pencil cutting tool path. For the interference-free tool path, a polyhedral model composed of several triangles, and an 'offset triangle' approach are exploited. Finally, some practical examples are illustrated.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.66-79
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• 2016

The availability of detailed data on customers' online behaviors and advances in big data analysis techniques enable us to predict consumer behaviors. In the past, researchers have built purchase prediction models by analyzing clickstream data; however, these clickstream-based prediction models have had several limitations. In this study, we propose a new method for purchase prediction that combines information theory with machine learning techniques. Clickstreams from 5,000 panel members and data on their purchases of electronics, fashion, and cosmetics products were analyzed. Clickstreams were summarized using the 'entropy' concept from information theory, while 'random forests' method was applied to build prediction models. The results show that prediction accuracy of this new method ranges from 0.56 to 0.83, which is a significant improvement over values for clickstream-based prediction models presented in the past. The results indicate further that consumers' information search behaviors differ significantly across product categories.