Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.15722/jds.18.2.202002.59

Formation of Employment Subcenters and Regional Industry Restructuring: Focusing Wholesale and Retail Sector in Incheon  

YOO, Byong-Kook (Division of International Trade, Incheon National University)
KIM, Soon-Hong (Division of International Trade, Incheon National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Distribution Science / v.18, no.2, 2020 , pp. 59-67 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines the relationship between formation of employment subcenters and regional industrial structures in Incheon. Research design, data, and methodology: We used the five-year panel data from 2012 to 2016 in 146 basic municipal units of Incheon to analyze panel regression models. Gross employment density and employment to population ratio were used as indicators of employment subcenters formation. The entropy index and Hachman index were used for analyzing the diversity and heterogeneity of industrial structures. Result: The analyses of two panel regression models showed that for the formation of employment subcenters, both the Entropy and Hachman index were significantly negative in most models. But tertiary industry was shown to have a significant positive relationship in all models. In the wholesale and retail sector, it was found that the average number of employees in the employment subcenters is significantly higher than that in the non-employment subcenters. Conclusions: The specialization of the industrial structure rather than the diversification contributes to the formation of the employment subcenters in Incheon. In particular, it can be considered that the wholesale and retail sector plays a very important role in forming the employment subcenters in many areas of Incheon.
Keywords
Employment Subcenters; Entropy index; Hachman Index; Industrial Structure; Wholesale and Retail Sector;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 26  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Hsiao, C., (2014). Analysis of panel data. Cambridge University Press.
2 Bitok, S.K., Cheboi, J.Y., & Kemboi, A. (2020). Does portfolio quality influence financial sustainability? A case of microfinance institutions in Kenya. Journal of Business, Economics and Environmental Studies, 10(1), 37-43.   DOI
3 Bong, A., & Premaratne, G. (2019). The impact of financial integration on economic growth in Southeast Asia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(1), 107-119.   DOI
4 Clark, C. (1940). The conditions of economic progress. London: Macmillan.
5 Croissant, Y., & Millo, G. (2019). Panel data econometrics with R. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
6 Diamond, C. A., & Simon, C. J. (1990). Industrial specialization and the returns to labor. Journal of Labor Economics, 8(2), 175-201.   DOI
7 Githaiga, P.N. (2020). Foreign remittances, banking sector development and private sector investment. Journal of Business, Economics and Environmental Studies, 10(1), 7-18.   DOI
8 Giuliano, G., & Small, K. (1991). Subcenters in the Los Angeles region. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 21(2), 163-182.   DOI
9 Gnidchenko, A. A. (2011). Defragmentation of economic growth with a focus on diversification: evidence from Russian economy, Economy, Business and Management. 1(3), 45-85.
10 Gordon, P., Richardson, H.W., & Wong, H. L. (1986). The distribution of population and employment in a polycentric city: The case of Los Angeles. Environment and Planning A, 18, 161-173.   DOI
11 Green, D.L. (1980). Urban subcenters: Recent trends in urban spatial structure. Growth and Change, 11(1), 29-40.   DOI
12 Hackbart, M. M., & Anderson, D. A. (1975). On measuring economic diversification. Land Economics, 51(4), 374-378.   DOI
13 Jacobs, J. (1969). The economy of cities. New York: Vintage Press.
14 Agustina, N., & Pramana, S. (2019). The impact of development and government expenditure for information and communication technology on Indonesian economic growth. Journal of Business, Economics and Environmental Studies, 9(4), 5-13.   DOI
15 Baltagi, B. (2005). Econometric analysis of panel data, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
16 He,Y., & Wang, J. (2019). A panel analysis on the cross border ecommerce trade: Evidence from ASEAN countries. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(2), 95-104.   DOI
17 Heikkila, E., Johnson, D., Gordon, P., Kim, J. I., Peiser, R. B., & Richardson, H. W. (1989). What happened the CBD-distance gradient? : Land values in a polycentric city. Environment and Planning A, 21, 221-232.   DOI
18 Hoover, E.M., & Giarratani, F. (1984). An introduction to regional economics. 3rd edition. New York: Knopf.
19 Kim, J.J., & Kim, J.C. (2019). A study on the influential factors of work type and job satisfaction of physically challenged laborers on life satisfaction. Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 10(10), 107-119.
20 Kim, J.Y., & Go, S. (2017). Impact of railroads on local economies: Evidence from U.S. history. Journal of Distribution Science, 15(4), 25-32.   DOI
21 Kim, M.S. (2018). A study on the trade structure between Korea and RCEP participating countries. Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 9(1), 89-97.   DOI
22 Kort, J. R. (1981). Regional economic instability and industrial diversification in the U.S. Land Economics, 57(4), 596-608.   DOI
23 Krehl, A., & Siedentop, A. (2019). Towards a typology of urban centers and subcenters - evidence from German city regions. Urban Geography, 40(1), 58-82.   DOI
24 McMillan, D.P. (2001). Nonparametric employment subcenter identification. Journal of Urban Economics, 50(3), 448-473.   DOI
25 Lee, M. (2019). Does population aging contribute to increased fiscal spending. Journal of Business, Economics and Environmental Studies, 9(4), 23-28.   DOI
26 Mack, E., Grubesic, T.H., & Kessler, E. (2007). Indices of diversity and regional economic composition, Growth and Change, 38 (3), 474-509.   DOI
27 Marshall, J. U. (1975). City size, economic diversity, and functional Type: the Canadian case. Economic Geography, 51(1), 37-49.   DOI
28 McDonald, J. F. (1987). The identification of urban employment subcenters. Journal of Urban Economics, 21, 242-258.   DOI
29 McDonald, J. F., & Prather, P. (1994). Suburban employment centers: The case of Chicago. Urban Studies, 31, 201-218.   DOI
30 Mengmeng, S. (2018). Study on the undertaking mode of high tech industry in Anhui province: Based on the perspective of industrial upgrading. Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 9(5), 7-15.   DOI
31 National Statistical Office (2009). Economically active population survey, Retrieved January 15, 2020 from http://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1DA7104S&conn_path=I3.
32 Rodgers, A. (1957). Some aspects of industrial diversification in the United States. Economic Geography, 33, 16-30.   DOI
33 Romer, P. (1986). Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.   DOI
34 Simon, C. J., & Nardinelli, C. (1992). Does industrial diversity always reduce unemployment? : Evidence from the Great Depression and after. Economic Inquiry, 30(2), 384-397.   DOI
35 Ryu, T.C., & Lee, S.Y. (2012). A study on the evaluation of and demand forecasting for real estate using simple additive weighting model: The case of clothing stores for babies and children in the Bundang area. Journal of Distribution Science, 10(11), 31-37.   DOI
36 Shao, M. (2018). Study on the competitiveness evaluation of urban cultural tourism creative industry in Pan-Yangtze river delta. International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 9(12), 15-21.   DOI
37 Sheikh, M.F., Bhutta, A. I., & Sultan, J. (2019). CEO compensation and unobserved firm performance in Pakistan. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(3), 305-313.   DOI
38 Shukla, V., & Waddell, P. (1991). Firm location and land use in discrete urban space: A study of the spatial structure of Dallas-Fort worth. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 21(2), 225-253.   DOI
39 Simon, C. J. (1988). Frictional unemployment and the role of industrial diversity. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103(4), 715-728.   DOI
40 Smith, S.M., & Gibson, C.S. (1988). Industrial diversification in nonmetropolitan counties and its effect on economic stability. Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, 13, 193-201.
41 Song, L. (2019). The influence of industrial structure upgrading on carbon emission efficiency in China. International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 10(2), 7-15.   DOI
42 Wang,C., Jakob, B. M., & Steiner, B. (2017). Industry diversity, competition and firm relatedness: The impact on employment before and after the 2008 global financial crisis. Regional Studies, 51(12), 1801-1814.   DOI
43 Tahir, M., & Mushtaq, M. (2016). Determinants of dividend payout: Evidence from listed oil and gas companies of Pakistan. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 3(4), 25-37.   DOI
44 Thompson, S.B. (2011). Simple formulas for standard errors that cluster by both firm and time. Journal of Financial Economics, 99(1), 1-10.   DOI
45 Trendle, B., & Shomey, G. (2003). The effect of industrial diversification on regional economic performance. Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, 9(3), 355-369.   DOI
46 Yim, B.J. (2019). An empirical study on mutual influence between economic index and distribution industry in Korean. Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 10(9), 53-60.   DOI