• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

Prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia is important, as it is implicated in the development of macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes. An inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-amylase which acts in the first step of carbohydrate digestion, is expected to be a suppressor of postprandial hyperglycemia. This study investigated the porcine pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of the extracts from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) flower, leaf, stem and grain. Flower, leaf, stem and grain of buckwheat were extracted by water and ethanol (40%, 70%, 100%), respectively. Flower and leaf extracts were more effective ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitors than stem and grain extracts in all tested solutions. Ethanol extracts were more effective than water extracts or powders on the ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities. At concentrations of $0.5%{\sim}10%$ (w/w, starch basis), the flower extracts of 40%, 70% and 100% ethanol lowered the enzyme activity by about 90% and the results were similar to the values of acarbose. At the same concentrations, the leaf extracts of 100% ethanol lowered the enzyme activity by about 90%. These results suggest that buckwheat flower and leaf ethanol extracts may delay carbohydrate digestion and lower postprandial hyperglycemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.632-637
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• 2005

This study has been carried out to understand the effect of Hovenia dulcis on the hyperglycemic mice induced with streptozotocin (STZ). Mice in control group were administered with $0.9\%$ saline (2 mL/kg), and experimental groups were administered Hovenia dulcis extract (H1 group, 0.01 g/kg: H2 group, 0.04 g/kg) after hyperglycemic state was induced. Blood glucose concentrations of tile H1 and H2 groups administered with Hovenia dulcis extract for 6 weeks were significantly (p<0.01), compared to control group. Blood glucose tolerance was more favorable in H1 and H2 groups than control group. The Langerhan's islet of pancreas was destructed by treatment of STZ in the control group, but pancreatic islet of the experimental groups was partially recovered from damage, and a number of insulin-positive cells were observed. A number of insulin-like growth factor- I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) positive cells occurred in the acinar cells of H1 and H2 groups. These results suggest that administration of Hovenia dulcis extract help mice recover from the damage induced with STZ.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.74-87
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• 2001

Evidence shows that the serum level of cholesterol (CH) is decreased with increasing green tea (GT) consumption. This presentation summarizes our recent findings on the effect of GT extract on intestinal absorption of [$^{14}C$-labeled CH and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Ovariectomized (OX) adult rats were infused intraduodenally with lipid emulsions containing radiolabeled lipids [$^{14}C$-CH or $^{14}C$-phosphatidylcholine (PC)] in the presence of GT extract or catechins to determine the rates and amounts of CH absorption and the intestinal hydrolysis and lymphatic output of PC. During lipid infusion, lymph was collected hourly for 8 h. The lymphatic absorption of $^14C$-CH was drastically lowered by infusion of GT extract at two dosage levels (GTl =5.4 mg catechins/h and GT2 = 15.1mg catechins/h). The cumulative lymphatic absorptions of $^{14}C$-CH in rats infused with GT1 and GT2 were 20.7$\pm$4.3 and $4.8{\pm}4.1{\%}$ dose, respectively, whereas the absorption of $^{14}C$-CH in rats infused with no GT extract (GT0) was $36.3{\pm}1.1{\%}$ dose. GT extracts also significantly lowered the absorption of-tocopherol (TP) in a dose dependent manner ($29.6{\pm}4.9{\%}$ dose in GT0, $20.8{\pm}5.8{\%}$ dose in GTl, and $7.9{\pm}5.4{\%}$ dose in GT2 groups). Both (+)-catechin and EGCG significantly lowered the lymphatic outputs of $^{14}C$-radioactivity after intraduodenal $^{14}C$-PC infusion. A significantly higher amount of $^{14}C$-PC remained unhydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen of the EGCG rats ($22.8{\%}$) compared with the (+)-catechin ($15.8\%$) and control groups ($11.9\%$). GT extracts, (+)-catechin, and EGCG significantly reduced the absorption of TP. The inhibitory effect of GT extract and catechins on lipid absorption may be mediated in part through the inhibition of pancreatic PLAz. The findings provide the first direct evidence that green tea and catechins have a profound inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of CH in OX rats. Results suggest that green tea and catechins may be used as a dietary or pharmacological means of lowering cholesterol absorption.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 2019

Temperature is one of the most important criteria considered in species preference for aquaculture. Acute drop in temperature during winter is a cause of disease and mass mortality in farmed fish. This study was carried out the low water temperature tolerance, oxygen consumption, hematologic and histological responses to use as basic data for the management of fish farming which frequently cause death due to winter water temperature drop. Low-lethal water temperature for 4 days of file fish Thamnaconus modestus (4day-LT₅₀) was 6.97℃ (6.69~7.27℃). Oxygen consumption rate decreased with decreasing water temperature, showing a significant difference between water temperatures. SOD activity increased significantly at 6℃ experimental group than control group (10℃) (p<0.05), but CAT did not show any significant difference between experimental temperatures (p>0.05). Cortisol increased with decreasing experimental water temperature compared to control group. Histological changes in the liver include decreased blood vessels in the blood vessels, proliferation of acid cells, condensation of the nucleus, atrophy of pancreatic exocrine gland cells, and enzyme source granules.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Objective : The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Several Herb-combind Prescription(SHP) on Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced Diabetes mellitus. Methods : SHP was given to rats with the combination of oral administration and herbal-acupuncture stimulation. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups : normal group of rats, control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, sample group with SHP treatment. In vitro test of SHP showed ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition, DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Experimental diabetes was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) to the rat via the peritoneum. The effect of SHP on STZ-induced diabetes was observed by measuring the seum level of insulin, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and lipid peroxides. Hepatic activities of catalase and reduced glutathione were examined and insulin granule was observed by immunohistochemical examination. Result : STZ caused hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia by a selectively destroying pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell. SHP treatment protected them from the hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. STZ induced increase of serum triglyceride lowered by SHP treatment. And by SHP treatment, pancrease showed a big area with positive immuno-reactivity for presence of insulin with many insulin granules distributed in the ${\beta}$-cells in the islets of Langerhans. Contusions : The SHP treatment showed protective effect on diabetic rat model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2007

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of gastrointestinal tract in children. The incidence of complicated Meckel's diverticulum is about 4 %. The major complications of Meckel's diverticulum are bleeding, intussusception, obstruction and perforation. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestations and the role of laparoscopic surgery in complicated Meckel's diverticulum in children. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 19 patients with complicated Meckel's diverticulum who underwent operation at Asan Medical Center between Jan. 1990 and Apr. 2007. Male to female ratio was 11:8, and median age was 1 year (1 day-13 years). The most frequent symptom was hematochezia (68%), followed by irritability or abdominal pain (16%), vomiting (11%), and abdominal distension (5%). Two operative procedures were performed; small bowel resection with anastomosis (68%) and diverticulectomy (32%). The operation proven complications of the Meckel's diverticulum were bleeding (68%), intussusception (16%), perforation (11%) and obstruction (5%). Ectopic tissues found by postoperative pathologic examination were gastric (84%) and pancreatic (11%). Hospital stay after laparoscopic operation for bleeding Meckel's was 5 days (median) and average first postoperative feeding was 1.5 days. On the contrary, hospital stay for open surgery was 7 days and first feed was 3 days. In summary, the most common compliation of Meckel's diverticulum in children was bleeding and ectopic gastric tissues were present in 84%. Laparoscopic procedure seemed to be useful for diagnosis as well as for definitive treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.383-386
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• 2008

An elevated serum CA19-9 level is an indication of pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. However, it has recently become known that nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases and a variety of nonmalignant respiratory diseases, such as idiopathic interstial pneumonia, collagen vascular disease associated lung diseases, diffuse panbronchiolitis and bronchiectasis, can also show an elevated serum CA19-9 level. We recently encountered a case of bronchiectasis with persistently elevated serum CA19-9, but without any evidence of malignant disease in endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography, abdominal computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. After serial follow-up of 3 years and 10 months, there was still no evidence of cancer. It is believed that the elevated serum CA19-9 level was due to bronchiectasis. An elevated serum CA19-9 level should be interpreted carefully with the patients' clinical condition.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 1994

Enzyme-catalyzed polycondensatlon reaction of aliphatic polyesters with several repeating units was studied using the biocatalytic activities of lipases from different sources. Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) was found to be best in utilizing bls(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) glutarate and 1,4-butanediol as substrafes. The reaction was also catalyzed to some extent by the lipases from Humicola lanuginos and Psudomonas sp. In the series of short-chain diols(C2-C4), bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) glutarate was iransesterified fastest with 1,4-butanediol and for the long-chain diols (PEG-300-PEG-1000), the reaction was fastest with PEG-400. With PEGs, only monoesterification product was obtained. PPL functioned well in relatively hydrophilic organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran(THF), ether and acetonitrile. The reaction rate was accelerated as the reaction temperature was raised from $20^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$ while Mn values of the reaction products were not affected by the reaction temperature. End group analysis by NMR showed that Mn values of the polymer were in the range of 1500-4000 daltons.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.240-246
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• 2014

Mutation in HNF1B, the hepatocyte nuclear factor-$1{\beta}$ (HNF-$1{\beta}$) gene, results in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) 5, which is characterized by gradual impairment of insulin secretion. However, the functional role of HNF-$1{\beta}$ in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism is not fully understood. We identified a family with early-onset diabetes that fulfilled the criteria of MODY. Sanger sequencing revealed that a heterozygous P159L (CCT to CTT in codon 159 in the DNA-binding domain) mutation in HNF1B was segregated according to the affected status. To investigate the functional consequences of this HNF1B mutation, we generated a P159L HNF1B construct. The wild-type and mutant HNF1B constructs were transfected into COS-7 cells in the presence of the promoter sequence of human glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2). The luciferase reporter assay revealed that P159L HNF1B had decreased transcriptional activity compared to wild-type (p < 0.05). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed reduced DNA binding activity of P159L HNF1B. In the MIN6 pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell line, overexpression of the P159L mutant was significantly associated with decreased mRNA levels of GLUT2 compared to wild-type (p < 0.05). However, INS expression was not different between the wild-type and mutant HNF1B constructs. These findings suggests that the impaired insulin secretion in this family with the P159L HNF1B mutation may be related to altered GLUT2 expression in ${\beta}$-cells rather than decreased insulin gene expression. In conclusion, we have identified a Korean family with an HNF1B mutation and characterized its effect on the pathogenesis of diabetes.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 1990

Mechanical obstruction of the common hepatic duct includes the following causes ; choledocholithiasis, sclerosis, cholangitis, pancreatic carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, postoperative stricture, primary hepatic duct carcinoma, enlarged cystic duct lymph nodes, and metastatic nodal involvement of the porta hepatis. Partial mechanical obstruction of the common hepatic duct caused by impaction of stones and inflammation surrounding the vicinity of the neck of the gallbladder had been reported on the "syndrome del conducto hepatico" in 1948 by Mirizzi. Nowadays, this disease was named by Mirizzi syndrome. Mirizzi syndrome is a rare entity of common hepatic duct obstruction that results from an inflammatory response secondary to a gallstone impacted in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder. It results from an almost parallel course and low insertion of the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct. In a varient of Mirizzi's syndrome, the cause of the common hepatic duct obstruction was a primary cystic duct carcinoma rather than gallstone disease. A 71-year-old man was admitted with a four-day history of right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Past medical history was unremarkable. On physical examination, the patient had a temperature of $38^{\circ}C$, icteric sclera and right upper quadrant tenderness. Pertinent laboratory findings included WBC 18,000/$cm^2$;albumin 2.6g/dl(normal 3.9-5.1) ; SGOT 183u/L(normal 0-50) ; SGPT167u/L(normal 0-65) ; bilirubin, 8.2mg/dl(normal 0-1) with the direct bilirubin, 4.4mg/dl(normal 0-0.4). Ultrasonography revealed a dilated extrahepatic biliary tree. ERCP showed that the superior margin was angular and more consistent with a calculus causing partial CHD obstruction(Mirizzi syndrome). At surgery a diseased gallbladder containing calculi was found. In addition, there was two calculi partially eroding through the proximal portion of the cystic duct and compressing the common hepatic duct. A cholecystectomy and excision of common bile duct was performed, with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The postoperative course was uneventful.