• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.177-178
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• 2009

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.183-184
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• 2010

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.143-143
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• 2013

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.77-78
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• 2008

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.352-359
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• 2009

Panax ginseng roots produce triterpene saponins called ginsenosides, which are high value secondary metabolites and has been used as drugs, detergents, sweeteners, and cosmetics. In the recent years plant cell, tissue and organ cultures have developed as important alternative sources for the saponin production in Panax ginseng. Adventitious roots and hairy roots have been successfully induced and cultured for the improvement of saponin contents. Genetic and metabolic engineering to regulate saponin biosynthesis in P. ginseng might be important way to improve the medicinal values of P. ginseng. Here we introduced the protocol of genetic transformation and recent progress of functional characterization of genes involved in saponin biosynthesis in P. ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.291-296
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• 1990

Various rates of 2,4-D were sprayed on 2 and 3 year old ginseng plants as foliar spray to define the critical concentration. No apparent plant injury was noticable for those ginseng plants when application concentration of 2,4-D doubled the recommended dosage (70 ml/10a). Neither abnormal foliar change occurred nor any inhibition in leaf and stem growth was resulted for the plants treated with 2,4-D concentrated two times of the recommended dosage. When the rates of 2,4-D application were increased greater than this level, injury ratings increased linearly with the rates of 2,4-D application and plant you was inhibited. Ethylene gas was not produced from the ginseng plant treated with 2 times concentrated 2,4-D, however the ginseng plants produced 0.03 to 0.09 ppm ethylene gas when the rate of application were increased 3 and 4 times, respectively. On the other hand the soybean treated with the recommended amount of 21-D produced ethylene gas of 10-20 times higher compared with ginseng plants and died. Photosynthesis ability of the ginseng leaf was significantly decreased by 2,4-D foliar application but it was recovered 4 weeks after 2,4-D foliar treatment. The herbicide 2,4-D was applicated to 2,3 and 4 years old ginseng plants as foliar spray with the rates of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times of the recommended dosage to define the effects of 2,4-D on the plant growth and root yield of the ginseng. There were no significant differences in the leaf and stem growth between untreated and 2,4-D treated plant. Berry maturing of 3 and 4 year old ginseng was not influenced by 2,4-D. The root weight of 4 years old ginseng plant was not reduced by application of 2,4-D concenrated 2 times of the recommended dosage, Application time of the herbicide 2,4-D had no effects on the leaf or stem growth of 2,3 and 4 year old year old ginseng plants. When the ginseng seedling was treated with 2,4-D, detrimental phenomena as stem bending and docoration of seedling leaf margin occurred, but stem bending was recovered in a few day s. Keywords Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, 2,4-D , herbicide.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.594-601
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• 2008

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Panax ginseng) has been used for several thousand years to prolong longevity in Asian countries. Ginsenosides are the most active components isolated from ginseng and belong to damarane saponin which are separated into protopanaxadiol and protopanaxtriol. To evaluate the complex effect of ginsenoside in apo E null mice, ginseng extract were intraperioneally (i.p.) injected and provided high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. Ginseng extract came from were i.p. injected with dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks in the last experimental duration. Ginseng extract used experiment was abundant Rb1, Rc, Re, and Rg1 and PD：PT ratio was 1.2. The high-cholesterol diet induced liver damage was significantly reduced by ginseng extract. Results from plasma lipid profiles and atherogenic index were improved by ginseng extracts. The GE group significantly decreased plasma TG and TC by 73% and 61% compared to apo E (-/-) group. Also ginseng extract tend to decrease lipid profiles and lipidperoxidation contents in liver and heart. Ginseng extract with an abundant amount of Rg1 significantly suppressed the apoptosis induction of cardiac tissue. In conclusion, ginseng extract (PD：PT = 1) was improved lipid profiles and anti-oxidant effects.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.90-97
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the effect of the Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer on the growth and production of aflatoxin by Aspergillus flayus ATCC 15517. Asp. fiavus with 10$^6$ conidia was incubated at 30$\circ$C for 7 days on YES broth containing 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of ginseng extract. After incubation, dry mycelial weight, pH, and production of aflatoxin were investigated. The results were as follows:There was no significant difference in dry mycelial weight by the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% ginseng extract. However, it was decreased to the rate of 13.7% by the addition of 1.0% ginseng extract in 7 days. pH changes in cultures were similar regardless of the concentration of ginseng extract. The pH values decreased to minimum in 5 days and again increased. Aflatoxin production was reduced as the concentration of ginseng extract increased. When compared to the control, the production of total aflatoxin significantly reduced to 56.7%, 54.0%, 53.3% in the media of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% of ginseng extract, respectively. No significant difference was observed among ginseng extract groups.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 1982

The effect of soil fumigation on the growth, yield, root-rot and red discoloration of 2 year-old ginseng, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer was investigated in the ginseng replanted fie14 Six soil fumigants, Cylone, Basamid, D-D, Dowfume MC-2, Telone C-17, and Vapam were applied in March, 1980, and 2 year-old ginseng plants were transplanted in April, 1981, and sampled in August, 1981. Growth an yields in Cylone and Basamid treated plots in the replanted soil were better than those in control. Especially, growth and yields of ginseng in Cyclone treated Plots were comparable to these in untreated virgin soil. Control effect of soil fumigants used on root-rot was in the order of Cylone, Basamid, Telone C-17, and the lest of them showed neglect fur effect. Frequency of red discoloration was 8% in Cyclone treated plots, 9% in Basamid treated plots 83.3% in the untreated ginseng replanted soil, and 2.5% in the untreated virgin soil.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.280-282
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• 1997

A genuine dammarane-glycoside, named as ginsenoside $ Rs_3$, was isolated from the MeOH extracts of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) through repeated silica gel column chromatographies and its chemical structure was determined as (20S)-protopanaxadiol $3-O-[6^{11}-O-acetyl-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl (1{\rightarrow2)-{\beta}-D-$glucopyranoside on the basis of several spectral and physical evidences including HMBC and FAB-MS.