• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 1990

This investigation on the composition of fatty acids of hempseed through gas -chromatography analysis found the follwing results. Myristic acid and other ten materials were detected. And there was mainly composed of myristic acid 29.4%, Palmitoleic acid 16.2%, linoleic acid 14.9%, oleic acid 12.4%. It also showed that heptadecanoic acid 10.8%, erucic acid 0.5%, docosahexaenoic acid 0.3% and essential fatty acid were contained 11.9% between them. As stearic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid made lower cholesterol level in body, they will help prevention of senile disease with the oil d hemp seed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.611-616
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• 2007

This study analyzed the major chemical components of raw and dried persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). Raw and dried persimmons contained (respectively) 85.52% and 47.36% moisture, 0.10% and 0.13% crude fat, 0.30% and 1.89% crude protein, and 0.56% and 2.0% crude fiber. The main free sugar components in both raw and dried persimmons were glucose and fructose. Seventeen amino acids were identified in the dried persimmons, amongst which the dominant ones were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine and arginine. The total amino acid content of raw and dried persimmons was 3,130.76 ppm and 12,849.33 ppm, respectively. The major fatty acids in total lipids were palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid and linolenic acid in both raw and dried persimmons. The raw persimmons had 23.22% palmitoleic acid and 32.70% linolenic acid, suggesting that they have a high ratio of unsaturated fatty acids. The mineral content of both raw and dried persimmons was Na < Fe < Ca < P < K.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.919-933
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• 2021

We hypothesized that the unsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid (POA) could promote the expression of adipogenic/lipogenic genes in bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells (BSCs). The BSCs were cultured in a growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. When the cells reached 80%-90% confluence, we used the differentiation medium with 5% horse serum for differentiation for 96 h. The differentiation medium contained 50 µM, 100 µM and 200 µM POA. Control BSC were cultured only in differentiation media. Compared with the control BSC, the POA BSC significantly up-regulated the expression of paired box 3 (Pax3) and paired box 7 (Pax7) and down-regulated myogenin gene expression (p < 0.01), which indicates a depression in muscle fiber development. However, all POA treatments up-regulated the expression of the adipocyte transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta (C/EBP α and C/EBP β), and other genes (p < 0.01) and increased the expression of PAT-family proteins and the concentration of adiponectin in the media. These results indicate that POA can convert part of BSCs into adipocytes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 1998

To analyze the effects of surfactants on the biosynthesis of galactolipid and the composition of fatty acids, the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane were cultivated in medium treated with anionic surfactants, such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (0.002%, LAS), a-olefin sulfonate (O.01%, AOS), and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (0.08%, SLES), respectively. During the cultivation, the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane were isolated from the cells collected at the early and middle phase of the culture and the contents of their fatty acid composition were compared with the control. When treated with surfactants, the contents of total lipid MDGD methylesters, and DGDG methylesters decreased significantly when compared with the control. It was also confirmed that more unsaturated fatty acids were involved in the biosynthesis of galactolipid. The fatty acids utilized in the biosynthesis of MGDG were in the chloroplast envelope and in the control, and linoleic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and oleic acid in AOS, and linolenic acid and oleic acid in SLES. The fatty acids in the biosynthesis of DGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control linolenic acid and stearic acid in LAS, oleic acid and linolenic acid in AOS, oleic acid and linolenic acid in SLES. In the thylakoid membrane, the major fatty acids in the biosynthesis of MGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control, oleic acid and linolenic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and linoleic acid in AOS, linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid in SLES. The fatty acids in the biosynthesis of DGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control, oleic acid and linolenic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and linoleic acid in AOS, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid in SLES.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 1986

Oyster (Crassostrea gigas), arkshell (Anadare(Scapharce) broughtonii) and sea-mussel (Mytilus edulis) were investigated as to their lipid classes. Lipid extracts from shellfishes were fractionated into neutral lipid (NL), glycolipid (GL) and phospho-lipid (PL) by column chromatography with silicic acid. The fatty acid compositions of their lipid classes and lipid fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Total lipid contents of shellfishes were $3.5\%$ in the oyster, $1.4\%$ in the arkshell, $1.0\%$ in the sea-mussel. The major fatty acids of total lipids were palmitic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the oyster and the sea-mussel, palmitic acid, oleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the arkshell. The lipid composition of neutral lipid fractions in shellfishes was separated and identified as free sterol, free fatty acid, triglyceride, hydrocarbon and esterified sterol by TLC. Of these classes, triglyceride fraction was most abundant, amounting to 55.6, 77.7 and $60.4\%$ in the three samples mentioned above, respectively. The main fatty acids of glycolipid were palmitic acid, eicosaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in oyster, myristic acid, palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid in the arkshell, docosahexaenoic acid, linolenic acid and palmitic acid in the sea-mussel. The major fatty acids of phospholipid were palmitic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the oyster and sea-mussel, palmitic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and erucic acid in the arkshell.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2012

The association of three candidate genes, fatty acid synthase (FASN), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), with fatty acid (FA) composition in Duroc pigs was investigated. Identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used for polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping. The c.265C>T SNP of FASN gene was significantly associated with high levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) (p<0.05), oleic acid (C18:1) (p<0.01), and mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (p<0.01), but low levels of linoleic acid (C18:2) (p<0.01), alpha linolenic acid (C18:3) (p<0.05), and poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (p<0.01) in animals having the CT genotype. The c.2573T>C SNP in the MTTP gene had a significant effect only in elevating the level of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) (p<0.05) in heterozygote animals. The polymorphism in FABP3 showed no significant effects on any fatty acid composition traits. These results suggest that the identified SNPs in the FASN and MTTP genes can be useful markers for selecting Duroc pigs having desirable healthy fatty acid composition.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.217.2-217.2
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• 2003

In the type II system. there are two elongation enzymes in E. coli, FabB is well-known to its ability to elongate cis-3-decenoly-ACP (C10:1) in unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, whereas FabF is important for the thermal regulation of fatty acid composition by its ability to elongate palmitoleic acid to vaccenic acid. based on their genetic mutation anaylsis. Radiochemical enzyme assay was performed using myristoyl-ACP as a substrate, which is known for general substrate of FabB and FabF. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.665-671
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• 1996

Changes in the nutritional components of Toha-jeot, salt-fermented Toha shrimp(Caridina denticulata denticulata $D_{E} H_{AAN}$), which was salted with 20%(w/w) sodium chloride and fermented during 60 days at $4\pm1^{\circ}C$ were investigated. The free amino acid contents in Toha-jeot, of which glutamic acid, leucine, Iysine, arginine, glycine and alanine occupy the majority, in order of abundance, increased gradually up to 50 days of fermentation. Most of the nucleotides were decomposed to hypoxanthine; thus ATP and ADP were not detected. Fermentation decreased inosine, IMP and unsaturated fatty acid contents and increased saturated fatty acid contents of Toha-jeot. Palmitic acid was the most abundant fatty acid, followed by palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, EPA and stearic acid. Among the mineral constituents of Toha-jeot, Na and Ca were dominantly occupying. The Hunter "L" and "b" values of Toha-jeot increased during fermentation while "a" value remained unchanged.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 1978

These experiments were made to investigate the characteristics of cocoon pupas. The proximate composition and fatty acids were analyzed. In order to eliminate the unfavorable odor of cocoon pupas, alkaline treatment and extraction of fat were conducted. The results were as follows. 1) The unfavorable odor can be eliminated through the extraction of fat. Boiling with n-hexane for 1 hour was the best. 2) The cocoon pupas were contaminated with $10^8$ bacterial counts/g at the first eating state. When they were stored at room temperature for 6 days, bacterial counts did not increase inure than $10^8$, but they were putrefacted with bad odor. 3) The powder of defatted cocoon pupas prepared for food material contained around 1.3% moisture, 76.0% protein, 0.8% crude fat, and 4.8% ash. 4) It was not efficient to eliminate unfavorable odor by alkaline treatment. 5) The fatty acids of cocoon pupas are composed of 0.35% myristic acid, 20.90% palmitic acid, 0.5% palmitoleic acid, 7.11% stearic acid, 32.20% oleic acid, 5.48% linoleic acid and 30.31% linolenic acid.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 1989

Culled laying hens used in this study were Arbor acres, which reared to S 35 days old on commerical formula feed for chicken. Liver, gizzard, breast and thigh muscles separated from each carcass, and total lipid was extracted and fractionated to neutral, phospho and glycolipid and then fatty acid composition were analyzed. Liver had the highest level of. total lipid, and breast tissue had the least among tissues tested. The neutral, phospho and glycolipid contents of total lipid had more thigh, breast and gizzard than other tissues, respectively. The major fatty acid in total and neutral lipid were palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid. And the major fatty acid in phospholipid was palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid, and palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid in case of glycolipid. The fatty acid contents of neutral, phospho and glycolipid in total lipid had more oleic, docosahexaenoic and linoleic acid than other lipid, respectively. Contents of unsaturated fatty acid of total and neutral lipid were comparatively high in thigh, and phospho and glycolipid were high in breast and liver, respectively. Contents of Polyunsaturated fatty acids were comparatively high in phospholipids than other lipids.