• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 1995년도 춘계심포지움 및 학술발표논문 초록
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• pp.32-32
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• 1995

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.865-871
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• 2017

Objective: The aim was to evaluate carcass characteristics, cut yield, and meat quality in lambs that were fed different inclusion levels of palm kernel cake. Methods: Forty-five woolless castrated male Santa $In{\hat{e}}s$ crossbred sheep with an initial average body weight of $23.16{\pm}0.35kg$ were used. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with five treatments, with palm kernel cake in the proportions of 0.0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, 22.5%, and 30.0% with nine replications per treatment. After slaughter, the gastrointestinal tract was weighed when it was full, after which it was then emptied. The heart, liver, kidney, pancreas perirenal fat were also collected and weighed. The carcass was split into two identical longitudinal halves and weighed to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Results: The empty body weight, carcass weight and yield, and fat thickness decreased linearly (p<0.05) as a function of palm kernel inclusion in the diet. There was no difference (p>0.05) for the rib eye area of animals that were fed palm kernel cake. There was a reduction in the commercial cut weight (p<0.05), except for the neck weight. The weights of the heart, liver, kidney fat, small, and large intestine, and gastrointestinal tract decreased. Nevertheless, the gastrointestinal content was greater for animals that were fed increasing levels of cake. For the other organs and viscera, differences were not verified (p>0.05). The sarcomere length decreased linearly (p<0.05), although an effect of the inclusion of palm kernel cake was not observed in other meat quality variables. It is worth noting that the red staining intensity, indicated as A, had a tendency to decrease (p = 0.050). Conclusion: The inclusion of palm kernel cake up to 30% in the diet does not lead to changes in meat quality characteristics, except for sarcomere length. Nevertheless, carcass quantitative characteristics decrease with the use of palm kernel cake.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2017

We hypothesized that supplementing finishing diets with palm oil would promote adipogenic gene expression but depress stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression in intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissues of Hanwoo steers during fattening period (from 16 to 32 mon of age). Fourteen Hanwoo steers were allotted randomly to 2 groups of 7 steers based on initial BW and fed either a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 5% palm oil (BDSP). At slaughter, i.m. adipose tissue was harvested for analysis of adipogenic gene expression and fatty acid composition. There were no differences in BW or average daily gain between treatment groups. Supplemental palm oil had no effect on carcass quality traits (carcass weight, backfat thickness, loin muscle area, or marbling scores) or meat color values. Palm oil increased (p<0.05) expression of AMP-activated protein kinase-${\alpha}$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$, but decreased (p<0.05) CAAT/enhancer binding protein-${\beta}$ gene expression and tended to decrease stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene expression in i.m. adipose tissue. Palm oil increased total i.m. polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.05) compared to the control i.m. adipose tissue, but had no effect on saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids. Although there were significant effects of supplemental palm oil on i.m. adipose tissue gene expression, the absence of negative effects on carcass and meat characteristics indicates that palm oil could be a suitable dietary supplement for the production of Hanwoo beef cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.404-412
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• 2016

We hypothesized that supplementing finishing diets with palm oil would promote adipogenic gene expression and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression in subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissues of feedlot steers. Eighteen Angus and Angus crossbred steers were assigned to three groups of 6 steers and fed a basal diet (control), with 3% palm oil, or with 3% soybean oil, for 70 d, top-dressed daily. Tailhead s.c. adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy at 14 d before the initiation of dietary treatments and at 35 d of dietary treatments. At slaughter, after 70 d of dietary treatment, tailhead s.c. adipose tissue and i.m. adipose tissue were obtained from the longissimus thoracis muscle. Palm oil increased plasma palmitic acid and soybean oil increased plasma linoleic acid and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid relative to the initial sampling time. Expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha ($AMPK{\alpha}$) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) increased between the initial and intermediate biopsies and declined thereafter (p<0.03). SCD gene expression did not change between the initial and intermediate biopsies but declined by over 75% by the final period (p = 0.04), and G-coupled protein receptor 43 (GPR43) gene expression was unaffected by diet or time on trial. Soybean oil decreased (p = 0.01) $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene expression at the intermediate sample time. At the terminal sample time, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and SCD gene expression was less in i.m. adipose tissue than in s.c. adipose tissue (p<0.05). $AMPK{\alpha}$ gene expression was less in s.c. adipose tissue of palm oil-fed steers than in control steers (p = 0.04) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta ($CEBP{\beta}$) gene expression was less in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissues of palm oil-fed steers than in soybean oil-fed steers (p<0.03). Soybean oil decreased SCD gene expression in s.c. adipose tissue (p = 0.05); SCD gene expression in palm oil-fed steers was intermediate between control and soybean oil-fed steers. Contrary to our original hypothesis, palm oil did not promote adipogenic gene expression in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissue.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 확장되어가는 여가 시간에 간단한 사진 한장만으로 보다 쉽고 편한 손금을 분석하기 위한 손금 추출 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 손의 형태학적 정보와 8 방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용한다. 영상으로부터 손금을 추출하기 위해서 색상 분포 영상을 Red, Green, Blue에 해당되는 RGB 값을 밝기에 큰 영향을 받지 않는 YCbCr 컬러 모델로 변환한다. YCbCr 컬러 모델에서 Y:65~255, Cb:25~255, Cr:130~255에 해당되는 피부색 임계치를 이용하여 손 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 손 영역에서 내부 픽셀의 3:1 이상, 전체 영상의 2:1이상인 손의 형태학적 정보와 8 방향 윤곽선 추적 기법을 이용하여 잡음을 제거한다. 잡음이 제거된 손 영상에서 스트레칭 기법과 소벨 마스크를 이용하여 에지를 추출한다. 추출된 에지 영상에서 블록 이진화 기법을 이용하여 이진화한 후에 가로와 세로가 각각 10픽셀 이상이고 20픽셀 이하인 손금의 형태학적 정보를 이용하여 잡음 및 손의 윤곽선을 제외한 손금을 추출한다. 추출된 손금에서 Labeling 기법을 이용하여 개별 손금의 중요선을 추출한다. 핸드폰 카메라에서 획득한 손바닥 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 제안된 방법이 손금 추출에 효율적인 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.748-755
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• 2011

팜유의 급여가 한우의 도체성적 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 30개월령 거세 한우를 팜유의 급여(100 g/head/d) 유무에 따라 3개월 동안 공시하였으며, 시료는 등심(M. longissimus) 부위를 $4^{\circ}C$에 9일 동안 저장하였다. 도체성적, 총육색소 함량, pH, 총환원력 및 근소편화지수는 팜유의 급여에 따른 차이가 없었다. 일반성분 함량은 팜유 급여구의 조지방 함량이 대조구에 비해 높았으며(p<0.05), 이로 인해 보수력과 연도는 팜유 급여구가 높았다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성은 팜유 급여구에서 대조구에 비해 높은 palmitic acid(C16:0) 함량과 낮은 다가 불포화지방산(PUFA) 함량 을 보였다 (p<0.05). 저장 중 품질은 팜유 급여구가 대조구보다 높은 지방산화 안정성, 육색소산화 안정성 및 육색 안정성을 보였다. 따라서 한우에게 팜유를 급여했을 때 쇠고기의 마블링 및 저장성은 증가되었으나, 다가불포화지방산은 감소되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.811-818
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fungal treated oil palm fronds (FTOPF) on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and muscle chemical composition. Methods: Eighteen growing crossbred male goats (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) with $18.7{\pm}2.0kg$ of initial body weight (BW) were stratified and blocked by BW in a randomized complete block design. Three diets containing 30% of oil palm fronds (OPF) either untreated (UOPF) or treated with Lentinussajor-caju (FTOPF) with or without urea (FTOPFU) were used as roughage sources in total mixed rations (TMRs). The diets were offered ad libitum and weight gain was determined. At the end of the experimental period, the harvest data and carcass characteristics of the goats were recorded, and muscular longissimus dorsi composition was determined. Results: No significant effect of fungal treated (FT) inclusion was observed in any of the feed intake, growth performance, and carcass characteristics. Likewise, no apparent effects on carcass composition and muscle chemical composition were detected in this study, except for hind leg and chump were affected (p<0.05) by FT inclusion. Conclusion: In conclusion, feeding of fungal (Lentinussajor-caju) treated oil palm frond in TMR diet did not affect performance and carcass characteristics in finishing goats.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.465-470
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• 1991

대두유, 팜유, 쇼트닝 그리고 대두유에 팜유를 각각 50%, 70% 배합한 혼합유로 French fry용 감자를 반복 튀김 했을 때 튀김기름의 열분해 및 산화에 대한 안정성을 알아보기 위하여 10회의 반복튀김에 사용된 기름을 매회 취하여 산값, 과산화물값, TBA값, 색도, 굴절율, 비중 등의 이화학적 특성을 측정하였다. 열분해 및 산화에 대한 대두유의 불안정성은 대두유에 팜유를 배합함으로써 감소시킬 수 있었는 바, 대두유에 대한 팜유의 비율이 커질수록 그 안정성이 증가하였다. 팜유가 50% 배합된 혼합유의 경우에는 대두유를 단독 사용했을 때 보다 그 안정성이 현저히 증가하였고 팜유가 70% 배합된 혼합유의 경우에는 팜유를 단독 사용했을 경우와 거의 같았다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2004

세 명의 건강한 피험자의 손에서 방출되는 생물광자의 측정을 매주 금요일에 6회씩 일년간 수행하였다. 좌우 손바닥의 생물광자 방출량의 상관계수는 0.9였으며, 좌우 손등의 경우에도 유사하였다. 손바닥과 손등의 상관계수는 평균 0.5로 나왔으며, 이 결과는 장웨이보의 $CO_2$ 발생률의 상관성과 부합되며, 한의학의 음경과 양경맥의 기능간 상관성으로 해석할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.242-249
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• 2018

The use of palm oil and diesel blended with ethanol, known as a microemulsion biofuel, is gaining attention as an attractive renewable fuel for engines that may serve as a replacement for fossil-based fuels. The microemulsion biofuels can be formulated from the mixture of palm oil and diesel as the oil phase; ethanol as the polar phase; methyl oleate as the surfactant; alkanols as the cosurfactants. This study investigates the influence of the three cosurfactants on fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions in a direct-injection (DI) diesel engine. The microemulsion biofuels along with neat diesel fuel, palm oil-diesel blends, and biodiesel-diesel blends were tested in a DI diesel engine at two engine loads without engine modification. The formulated microemulsion biofuels increased fuel consumption and gradually reduced the nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) emissions and exhaust gas temperature; however, there was no significant difference in their carbon monoxide (CO) emissions when compared to those of diesel. Varying the carbon chain length of the cosurfactant demonstrated that the octanol-microemulsion fuel emitted lower CO and $NO_x$ emissions than the butanol- and decanol-microemulsion fuels. Thus, the microemulsion biofuels demonstrated competitive advantages as potential fuels for diesel engines because they reduced exhaust emissions.