• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.256-264
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• 1989

Modified Blalock-Taussig operation remains the standard technique of systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt in patients of congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow. We reviewed the 41 patients who had been performed modified Blalock-Taussig operation from March 1985 to Feb. 1988, and angiographically measured pulmonary artery size before and after shunt, and calculated pulmonary artery index [PAI] and ratio of left and right pulmonary artery to descending aorta[[LPA+RPA]/dAo]. The mean duration of palliation after shunt operation was 624 days and mean age of the patient at shunt operation was 3.59 years. Mean PAI increased significantly from 131.15*67.11 mm2/M2 preoperatively to 232.70*84.46 mm2/M2 postoperatively. Mean ratio of right and left pulmonary artery to descending aorta also increased significantly from 1.48*0.40 preoperatively to 1.92*0.50 postoperatively. All patients manifested clinical improvement; there was mean decrease in hematocrit of 8.95%, mean increase in arterial oxygen saturation of 11.08%. Pulmonary arterial growth was not influenced by age at operation, initial pulmonary artery size, or graft size, but significantly influenced by antegrade flow. The patients who have some antegrade flow were in more increase of PAI. There were no linear correlation between change of PAI, change of [[LPA+RPA]/dAo], SaO2, and duration. But, according to Scatterplot between change of PAI and duration, some complex correlation was suggested and mean PAI was decreased after 2-year palliation. We concluded that modified Blalock-Taussig operation is excellent palliative surgery for pulmonary artery growth especially on the patient who have some antegrade flow, and the proper duration of palliation was about 2 years.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1997

본 교실에서는 1990년 1월부터 1994년 3월까지 61명의 식도암 환자를 치험하였으며 이들의 의무기록을 조사하여 식도암 수술의 위험 인자를 조사하였다. 평균연령은 58.3세로 36세부터 74세까지였으며 성비는 남자에서 14:1로 호발하였다. 연하곤란은 평균 3.8개월간 있었으며, 연하곤란의 정도는 4등급이 제일 많았다. 술후 종양의 병기는 I기 2명, II기 23 명, III기 27명, 그리고 IV기 9명이었으며 49명의 환자가 완전한 종양절제가 가능하여 종양절제율은 78.7%이 었다. 5명은 불완전 종양절제와 고식적 식도위문합술을 시행하였으며 5명에서는 위루술을 시행하였고 2명은 Celestin관 삽입을 하였다. 가장 흔한 수술합병증은 폐 허탈과 폐렴이었으며 조기 사망율은 5.6%이었다. 9명의 환자에서 수술후 국소재발이나 원격전이가 발견되었다. 장기 생존율은 1년 73.4%, 2년 54.7%, 4년 23.1%이었다 식도암의 외과적 치료의 조기성적에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 인자로는 종양 의 병 기 (p = 0.02)이었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4571-4575
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• 2012

Introduction and Purpose: The frequency of bilateral breast cancer is 1.4-11.0% among all breast cancers. It can present as synchronous (SC) or metachronous (MC). Data regarding clinical course of bilateral breast cancer are scarce. In this study, we therefore evaluated demographic, pathological and clinical characteristics, treatments and responses in bilateral breast cancer cases; making distinctions between metachronous-synchronous and comparing with historic one-sided data for the same parameters. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty bilateral breast cancer cases from ten different centers between 2000 and 2011 were retrospectively scanned. Age of the cases, family history, menopausal status, pathological features, pathological stages, neoadjuvant, surgery, adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy/radiotherapy were examined in the context of the first and second occurrence and discussed with reference to the literature. Results: Metachronous and synchronous groups showed similar age, menopausal status, tumor type, HER2/neu expression; the family history tumor grade, tumor stage, ER-negativity rate, local and distant metastases rates, surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy application rates were identified as significantly different. Palliative chemotherapy response rate was greater in the metachronous group but median PFS rates did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Although bilateral breast cancer is not frequent, MC breast cancer is different from SC breast cancer by having more advanced grade, stage, less ER expression, more frequent rates of local relapse and distant metastasis and better response to chemotherapy in case of relapse/metastasis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.594-600
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• 1989

Primary intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot with low mortality and early good results, has been accomplished in recent years. But palliative procedures have been reserved for those hypoplastic pulmonary arteries, a hypoplastic left ventricle or anomalies of the coronary artery would make total correction difficult. And the Blalock-Taussig shunt operation is recognized as a standard and popular palliative procedure. I undertook a retrospective determination of the effect of the Blalock-Taussig shunt operation on the development of the main pulmonary artery and the right and left pulmonary arteries. Between January, 1980, and April, 1987, at the Severance Hospital, 16 patients were studied by cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography, before undergoing Blalock-Taussig shunting procedures for the palliation of severe symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot, and some time later, usually prior to a second procedure. The mean interval between catheterizations was 22.25 months. Patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia or with an occluded shunt were not included. The primary and secondary angiograms of each patient were reviewed, and measurements of the diameter of the main pulmonary artery, the right and left pulmonary arteries, and the descending thoracic aorta were taken. The results are as follows; 1. The hematocrit decreased from 56.39% to 50.34%[p< 0.05], and the arterial oxygen saturation increased from 62.00 % to 81.31 %[p< 0.001] following shunt procedures 2. The ratio of the diameter of the right pulmonary artery plus the left pulmonary artery to the diameter of the descending thoracic aorta increased 1.30 k 0.28 times [p< 0.01]; but the ratio of the diameter of the main pulmonary artery to the diameter of the descending thoracic aorta increased 1.10 * 0.33 times, which was not. significant[p< 0.05]. 3. The interval between shunting and second catheterization was not related to the magnitude of change in the pulmonary arteries[r=0.141, p >0.05]. 4. The changes in the ratio of the diameter of the right pulmonary artery plus the diameter of the left pulmonary artery to the diameter of the descending thoracic aorta was inversely related to the initial ratio[r=0.757, p >0.001], but the change in the ratio of the diameter of the main pulmonary artery to the descending thoracic aorta was not related[r=0.059, p >0.05]. 5. There were no differences in enlargement of the pulmonary artery on the side of the shunt [ipsilateral] versus enlargement on the opposite side [p >0.05], nor according to the size of the shunt[p >0.05]. In conclusion, this study suggests that the Blalock-Taussig shunt is effective for the development of the right and left pulmonary arteries but not effective for the main pulmonary artery.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN) for the treatment of cancerous upper abdominal pain in a tertiary university hospital in Korea. Methods: At the tertiary university hospital in Korea, electronic medical records of cancer patients who underwent CPN and died in the hospital from November 2009 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The total number of subjects was 51. The 17 patients were from the Department of Gastroenterology (33.0%), followed by 11 patients from the Department of Hemato-oncology (21.6%), 11 patients from the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (21.6%), 9 patients from the Department of General Surgery (17.6%). The diagnosis was pancreatic cancer in 15 patients (29.4%), stomach cancer in 8 patients (15.7%), hepatobiliary cancer in 20 patients (39.2%), colon cancer in 1 patient (2.0%), esophageal cancer in 2 patient (3.9%) and intra-abdominal metastasis in 5 patients (9.8%). The mean survival time after the surgery was 66.4±55.0 days. The pain intensity before and 1 week after the procedure significantly decreased, but the amounts of opioids consumed before and 1 week after the procedure were not statistically significant. Side effects occurred after the procedure including temporary localized pain in 24 patients (47.0%), hypotension in 12 (23.5%), and diarrhea in 6 (11.8%). Conclusion: CPN is an effective and safe procedure for reducing upper abdominal pain caused by cancer, and it is necessary to perform CPN within the appropriate time by establishing a system of interdepartmental cooperation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2007

목적 : 과거에 고선량의 외부 방사선치료를 받은 후 재발한 폐암환자에서 기관지내 근접치료의 고식적 효과에 대해 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년 7월부터 2003년 5월까지 고려대학교 안암병원 방사선종양학과에서 과거 외부방사선치료를 받은 후 증상을 동반한 재발에 대해 근접치료를 시행한 환자는 모두 29명이었고, 이들을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 남자, 여자가 각각 28, 1명이었고, 나이의 중앙값은 62세, 전신수행상태는 ECOG 1, 2, 3이 각각 13, 15, 1명이었다. 과거 외부방사선치료의 선량은 중앙값 54 Gy였고, 외부방사선치료 후 근접치료까지의 경과기간은 중앙값 7개월($1{\sim}102$개월)이었다. 병변의 위치는 원위기관 또는 주기관지가 20명, 엽기관지가 9명이었다. 근접치료선량은 1회 $5{\sim}6$ Gy를 주 1회씩 총 3회 치료하여 총선량 $15{\sim}18$ Gy를 목표로 하였다. 환자의 주관적인 증상의 호전 또는 악화 여부에 따라 반응을 평가하였고, 증상 호전이 있은 환자들-호전 환자군-과 그렇지 않은 환자들-비호전 환자군-로 나누어 두 군의 차이를 비교해 보았다. 결과: 기침, 호흡곤란, 객혈, 폐쇄성 폐렴이 각각 41% (9/22), 50% (8/16), 82% (9/11), 33% (1/3) 환자에서 호전을 보였고, 증상 호전의 지속기간은 중앙값 5개월($3{\sim}31$개월)이었다. 객혈은 다른 증상에 비해 더 높은 증상 호전을 보였다(p<0.05). 호전 환자군(17명, 59%)과 비호전 환자군(12명, 41%)의 특성을 비교했을 때, 나이, 이전에 받았던 외부방사선량에 따른 차이는 없었고, 전신수행상태가 좋은 환자와 외부방사선치료 후 경과기간이 길었던 환자들이 호전 환자군에 많았다(p<0.05). 병변의 위치가 엽기관지보다는 원위기관이나 주기관지의 환자가 호전 환자군에 많았으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다(p=0.058). 근접치료 후 발생한 치명적인 부작용으로 객혈, 기관-흉막누공이 각각 1명(7%)에게 있었다(RTOG grade 5). 결 론: 이전에 고선량의 외부방사선치료 후 기관지내에 재발한 폐암 환자에서 근접치료를 이용한 증상호전이 약 60% 환자에게 있었고, 지속기간은 중앙값 5개월이었다. 비록 이전에 방사선치료를 받았더라도 전신상태가 줄고 이전 외부방사선치료 후 경과가 길었던 환자, 특히 원위 기관이나 주기관지내 종양에 의해 객혈이 있는 환자에게는 유용한 고식적 치료가 될 수 있겠다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2005

양대혈관 우심실기시증에 있어서 양심실 교정의 수술성적은 최근에 점점 향상되고 있다. 심실중격결손에 따른 양대혈관 우심실기시증의 수술 방법 및 장기 결과에 대하여 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1979년 9월부터 2003년 12월까지 양대혈관 우심실기시증으로 양심실 교정을 받은 환자는 126명이었다. 양심실 교정시의 환자들의 평균연령은 1.8세(0$\~$44)였고 남자가 86명($68.3\%$), 여자가 40명($31.7\%$)이었다 심실중격결손의 형태에 따라 양대혈관 우심실기시증을 분류하여 살펴보았다. 결과: 심실중격결손의 위치는 대동맥하형이 79예($62.7\%$), 폐동맥하형이 17예($13.5\%$), 이중교통형이 16예 ($12.7\%$), 비교통형이 14예($11.1\%$)였다 28명($22.2\%$)의 환자가 이전에 고식적 수술을 받았으며 완전교정술까지의 평균기간은 41.0$\pm$45.1개월이었다. 완전교정술의 방법으로는 37예($29.4\%$)에서 심실내 배플만을, 49예($38.9\%$)에서 심실내 배플 및 우심실유출로첩포확장술을, 15예($11.9\%$)에서 심실내 배플 및 Rastelli술식을 시행 받았으며 8예($6.3\%$)에서 동맥전환술 및 심실내 배플수술을, 4예($3.2\%$)에서 REV술식을 시행 받았다. 수술 사망은 13명($10.3\%$)이었으며 24명($19.0\%$)의 환자에서 25회의 재수술이 필요하였다. 수술 후 사망과 재수술의 위험인자는 각각 심폐기 가동시간(p=0.020)과 이전에 고식적 수술을 받은 경우(p=0.013)였다. 추적관찰은 98명의 환자에서 가능하였고 평균추적기간은 118.9 $\pm$ 70.7 개월이었다. 15년에서의 생존율 및 무재수술생존율은 각각 $82.5\%$, $66.7\%$였다 대혈관전위형과 원위형에서 단순 심실중격 결손형이나 활로4징형보다 의미 있게 생존율이 낮았으나(p < 0.01), 무재수술생존율은 통계적 차이가 없었다. 결론: 양대혈관 우심실기시증에 있어서 심실중격결손의 형태에 따른 적절한 교정방법으로 보다 나은 수술결과를 얻을 수 있으리라 생각한다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 1991

Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus presents a tremendous surgical challenge to the Head and Neck Surgeon. Because life expectancy of patients with advanced carcinoma of the hypopharynx, and cervical esophagus is limited, treatment must be aimed at palliation. A variety of techiques have been proposed over the years with none proving entirely satisfactory. These techiques include prosthesis; skin graft; cervical flaps; tubed cutaneous and myocutaneous chest flaps; visceral reconstruction with stomach, colon. and jejunum; and jejunal free autografts. Many factors dictate the best method of reconstruction in any given clinical situation. The goal of the surgery is a one-stage reconstruction of swallowing function with minimal morbidity to allow as short a hospital stay as posible. Nine patients underwent the free jejunal autograft reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus after the ablative surgery for the advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. Postoperative complications included one perioperative death, two abdominal wound dehiscences, two neck hematomas, one carotid rupture, one funtional dysphagia, one late strictures. There were no graft failure, no immediate stenosis and no fistula. An oral diet was started between days 8 and 16, with an average of 9 days and median of 8 days. Patients left the hospital between days 9 and days 38, with an average of 23.4 days and median of 23 days. This method of reconstruction is advocated as reliable palliative procedure with short-term follow-up. In conclusion, we at Korea Cancer Center Hospital are of the opinion that the free jejunal autograft offers an excellent, safe and relative easy method of the pharyngeal and cervical esophageal reconstruction with significant advantages over other techiques.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5385-5388
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• 2015

Background: Gastric cancer is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality in Nepal. Survival of gastric cancer patients depends on the stage at which diagnosis is made. The aim of this study was to analyze the presentation and outcomes of gastric cancer patients treated at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 140 consecutive histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma cases managed at the Department of Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal for the period of January 2009 to December 2013 was carried out. Results: One hundred forty out of the total 186 patients with histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma, were admitted for surgery. The mean age was $59.6{\pm}12.4yrs$ (range 29 to 78 yrs) and the male: female ratio was 2:1. Sixty three (45%) patients featured Tibeto-Burman descent though this ethnic group accounts for only 18% of the Nepalese population. Two-thirds or more patients presented with abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss and/or vomiting. In 86 (61.5%) of the patients the tumor was located in the lower $3^{rd}$ of the stomach and in only 15% of the patients the tumor was located at the upper $3^{rd}$. Early gastric cancer was diagnosed postoperatively in only 4%. In 54%, the disease was locally advanced and metastatic lesions were found in 14% of the patients. Subtotal (73) or total (11) curative gastrectomies (D1, D1+ or D2) were performed in 84 (60%) patients with average lymph node retrieval of $16.6{\pm}8.2$. Palliative gastrectomies or procedures were performed in 23% of the patients and no intervention (open & close/biopsy) was employed in 15% of the patients. Perioperative morbidity was seen in 10% and mortality in 4%. Three, four and five year survival rates up to the recent follow-up were 17.9%, 11.9% and 8.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Gastric cancer in Nepal is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Thus, early detection is the key to improve the survival of gastric cancer patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.665-671
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• 2007

목 적 : 최근 신생아기에 심장 수술을 받은 환아들의 임상적 특징 및 수술 성적에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 3월부터 2006년 2월까지 6년간 경북대학교 병원에서 신생아기에 수술을 받은 82명에 대해 이들의 수술 당시 나이 및 체중, 심기형의 종류, 수술 전 상태, 수술 내용 및 결과, 합병증 등을 검토하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아 82명 중 남아는 41명이었으며 수술 당시 평균 나이는 12일, 평균 몸무게는 3,200 g이었다. 주된 심기형은 완전대혈관전위, 활로씨사징, 심실중격이 온전한 폐동맥판폐쇄, 기능적 단심실이 다수를 차지하였다. 수술 방법으로 인공심폐기를 사용한 경우가 57례였고, 54례에서 완전 교정수술이 시행되었다. 수술 종류로 완전 교정수술로는 동맥전환수술이, 고식 수술로는 변형 B-T 단락술이 가장 많이 시행되었다. 총 사망은 9례(10.9%)였으며 이 중 조기 사망은 6례, 만기 사망은 3례였다. 수술 후 합병증은 급성 신기능 부전, 지연 흉골 봉합, 상처감염, 수술 후 부정맥, 뇌실내 또는 뇌내출혈 등이 발생하여 내과적 치료를 필요로 하였다. 결 론 : 최근 6년간 본원에서 신생아기의 선천성 심장병에 대한 수술적 치료는 수술 전 처치, 수술 방법, 체외 순환법 그리고 수술 후 집중 치료의 발달을 통해서 많은 향상을 보였다.