• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The aim of this investigation was to analyze the dimensions of clinical crowns and to classify the crown and the gingival type in the anterior teeth in Korean young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Casts were obtained from 50 subjects ranging in age from 24 to 32. Measurements of length and width were made on the casts using a pair of digital calipers on the entire dentition. Crown thickness and papilla height were also measured and MDW/CL (mesiodistal width to clinical length) and CW/CL (cervical width to clinical length) ratios of the maxillary anterior teeth were calculated. The K-clustering method was used for CW/CL to classify the anterior tooth shape into three groups (tapered, ovoid, and square), and one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's post-hoc comparison were used to evaluate statistical significance between the groups. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed between tooth shape and papillary height (PH) to demonstrate the correlation between tooth shape and gingival morphological characteristics. RESULTS. The average length of the maxillary central incisors was 9.89 mm; the mesio-distal width was 8.54 mm; and the ratio of width/length was 0.86 in Korean young adults. The average bucco-palatal thickness of the central incisor was 3.14 mm at the incisal 1/3 aspect. Ovoid type was the most common tooth shape (48%), followed by square type (29%) and taper type (23%) in the central incisors of Korean young adults. Tooth shape and gingival type were correlated with each other. CONCLUSION. New reference data were established for tooth size in Korean young adults and the data show several patterns of tooth shape and gingival type. Clinicians should diagnose and treat based on these characteristics for better results in the Korean population.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2016

Objective: We evaluated the effects of tooth displacement on frictional force when conventional ligating lingual brackets (CL-LBs), CL-LBs with a narrow bracket width, and self-ligating lingual brackets (SL-LBs) were used with initial leveling and alignment wires. Methods: CL-LBs (7th Generation), CL-LBs with a narrow bracket width (STb), and SL-LBs (In-Ovation L) were tested under three tooth displacement conditions: no displacement (control); a 2-mm palatal displacement (PD) of the maxillary right lateral incisor (MXLI); and a 2-mm gingival displacement (GD) of the maxillary right canine (MXC) (nine groups, n = 7 per group). A stereolithographic typodont system and artificial saliva were used. Static and kinetic frictional forces (SFF and KFF, respectively) were measured while drawing a 0.013-inch copper-nickel-titanium archwire through brackets at 0.5 mm/min for 5 minutes at $36.5^{\circ}C$. Results: The In-Ovation L exhibited lower SFF under control conditions and lower KFF under all displacement conditions than the 7th Generation and STb (all p < 0.001). No significant difference in SFF existed between the In-Ovation L and STb for a 2-mm GD of the MXC and 2-mm PD of the MXLI. A 2-mm GD of the MXC produced higher SFF and KFF than a 2-mm PD of the MXLI in all brackets (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: CL-LBs with narrow bracket widths exhibited higher KFF than SL-LBs under tooth displacement conditions. CL-LBs and ligation methods should be developed to produce SFF and KFF as low as those in SL-LBs during the initial and leveling stage.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the effect on the formation of keratinized attached gingiva when free gingival graft with strip technique was used. After the partial thickness flap was prepared, it was positioned apically more than 7mm using mucoperiosteal suture. At the donor site, strip was achieved with 2mm width, less than 1mm thickness, (mesiodistal teeth length + 6)$^{\ast}$2 mm length. Then, it was divided into 2 same pieces and located at the recipient bed apico-coronally with more or less 3mm interval. Follow-up check was made at 1,2,4,8,12 weeks after the operation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The inter-strip space was mostly filled with keratinized attached gingiva. 2. The contraction of the graft was nigligible, and 92% of planned area was filled with keratinized attached gingiva. 3. The inconvenience of the patients at donor site was minimal. 4. The width of the strip was widened. In conclusion, free gingival graft using strip technique is useful to achieve the keratinized attached gingiva maximally with free gingival graft minimally and to minimize the inconvenience of donor palatal site of the patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2010

Alveolar distraction osteogenesis (ADO) has been regarded as an acceptable treatment for the alveolar bone deficiency. For ADO at anterior maxillary area, the vector should be oriented to forward and down-ward direction to get an adequate occlusion with mandibular teeth and to increase bone length and width for implant placement. However, the conventional commercial distraction devices for ADO are designed to allow mainly downward movement of alveolar segment, even though a forward movement can be obtained a little by controlling of inclination of device. To make ADO with controllable bidirectional vector possible, we used customized devices using self-manufactured ABDUL (Alveolar Bone Distractor Using Lag screw principle) and commercial orthodontic palatal expansion device ($Hyrex^{(R)}$). In all cases (n = 4), ADO could be performed successfully and dental implants were able to placed with adequate occlusion. We report the procedures, advantages and disadvantages of these methods.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.95-108
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth and development of tooth germ and dental arch related to the bone growth during the fetal period. From 70 maxillae and 61 mandibles of the fetus aged 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 months, X-ray films were taken and measured. The results were as follows; 1. There was remarkable bone growth in the anterior and posterior area of palatum osseum, that were the intetior portion of both deciduous canines anteriorly and the intero-posterior portion of both deciduous second molars posteriorly, where there was active bone growth and radiate formation of bony trabeculae was found. 2. The Growth of anterior tooth germ was greater than that of posterior tooth germ, so anterior tooth germs were crowded. Especially in maxilla, the tooth germs of deciduous lateral incisors were located inside of dental arch and the tooth germs of deciduous canines were located outside of dental arch. 3. Crowding amount increased with the fetal age because the growth of tooth germs was greater than that of jaw bone. 4. In the growth of upper dental arch, the increase of width was greater than that of length. 5. There was proportional relationship between the area of Palatal Trapezoid and the fetal age.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.417-421
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to introduce an effective technique to easily obtain adequate amounts of keratinized gingiva and vestibular depth. Materials and Methods: Free gingiva (vertical height 10 mm) was harvested on the palatal mucosa and a partial thickness flap was elevated on the recipient site with same width as the free gingiva graft. After a conventional suture, a titanium mesh covered the graft and was fixed with miniscrews. Titanium mesh was removed 4.1±2.5 weeks after surgery. The amount of keratinized gingiva and vestibular depth was measured at the final follow-up. Results: Nine patients (males 4, females 5; 53.9±14.1 years) who underwent bone graft surgery before vestibuloplasty were included. No free gingival graft failure or complications were encountered in any of the patients. The relapse rate for vestibular depth (23.3%) was lower than that for keratinized gingiva (48.3%) after 34.4±14.4 months (P=0.010). Conclusion: Vestibuloplasty with a free gingival graft using titanium mesh could be achieved with an acceptable amount of keratinized gingiva and an appropriate vestibular depth around dental implant.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.553-563
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• 2000

이 연구는 Horseshoe Expander를 이용하여 확장 전과 후의 악구강계의 변화를 분석하고자 시행되었다. 상악궁 확장이 필요한 것으로 진단된 33명을 연구자료로 사용하였다. 완만 상악골 확장술(SME)을 적용한 19명을 대상으로 연구대상자의 정모 및 측모 두부 방사선 사진과 모형을 확장 전과 후로 채득하였다. 또한, 급속 상악골 확장장치(RME)를 적용한 13명을 대상으로 확장 후의 치축각의 변화를Horseshoe Expander군과 비교하였다. 이 자료를 계측, 통계 처리하여 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 정모 두부 방사선 규격사진 분석에서 양측 상악 중절치의 치근 및 절단연의 중앙점 사이의 거리, 상악 폭경, 비강 폭경이 유의성있는 증가를 보였고, 상하악 폭경은 감소를 보여 결국 삼각형 모양의 확장 양상을 나타냈다. 2. 측모 두부 방사선 규격사진 분석에서 McNamara line에 대한 상악 중절치의 거리, 상악깊이, 상악 높이 항목이 증가를 나타냈다. 또한, FH평면에 대한 상악 중절치, 구개평면, 교합평면, 하악 평면의 각도가 증가를 나타냈으나, McNamara line에 대한 하악 중절치의 거리항목은 유의성이 없었다. 3. 모형 분석에서, 구개용적, 상악 견치와 제1대구치의 폭경 및 상악궁 길이 항목이 유의성 있게 증가하였고, 교합 접촉점의 감소가 유의성을 나타냈다. 4. 상악 제1대구치간 폭경변화(치성 변화)대 상악폭경변화(골격성 변화)가 약 2.2:1의 비율을 보였다. 5. Horseshoe Expander군과 급속 상악골 확장장치군(RME군)의 확장 전,후 치축각 비교에서는, Horseshoe Expander군이 급속 상악골 확장장치군(RME군)보다 상악 제2소구치, 제1대구치에서 더 큰 상관계수를 가짐으로써 협측 경사이동이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, Horseshoe Expander는 치성 변화가 적고, 급속 상악골 확장장치 (RME)에 비하여 협측 경사이동이 적으므로 상악궁 확장에 효과적인 장치로 사료된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 1991

Impression ragistration is an improtant and difficult phase of prosthodontic treatment procedures and a tray of appropriate size and shape is essential to obtain the accurate impression. Particularly, in edentulous patients, the size and forms of their residual alveolar ridges are different from one another. Therefore, in this study, various measurements were taken on the edentulous models. And the measurements were analyzed and compared with one another. The results were as follows ; 1. The mean of denture bearing area was $32.86cm^2$ in the upper jaws, $24.20cm^2$ in the lower jaws and the variation of denture bearing area was greater in the upper than in the lower jaws and in males than in females. 2. The mean of A-P(anteroposterior) ridge length was 48.72mm in the upper jaws, 53.05mm in the lower jaws and that of males was longer than that of females. 3. The mean of most posterior ridge width was 47.23mm in the upper jaws, 58.03mm in the lower jaws and the difference of that between males and females was least in both jaws. 4. In the upper jaws, the mean of ridge width was 29.66mm on anterior 1/4, 42.79mm on middle, 48.95mm on posterior 1/4 line and the mean of palatal height was 4.56mm on anterior 1/4, 10.01mm on middle, 10.84mm on posterior 1/4 line. 5. In the lower jaws, the mean of ridge width was 33.24mm on anterior 1/4, 50.19mm on middle, 59.16mm on posterior 1/4 line and the mean of lingual ridge height was 5.49mm on anterior 1/4, 9.16mm on middle, 16.72mm on posterior 1/4 line. 6. The correlation coefficient(=r) between denture bearing area and A-P ridge length was 0.83 in the upper jaws and 0.75 in the lower jaws. The corelation between denture bearing area and AP ridge length was statistically significant, but, between denture bearing area and A-P ridge length and between A-P ridge length and the most posterior ridge width was not statistically significant in both jaws. 7. Alveolar ridge forms were classified into three(ovoid, "u" shape, and "v"shape) categories. In the upper jaws, ovoid was 66%, "u" shape was 24%, and "v" shape was 10%, in the lower jaws, ovoid was 66.7%, "u" shape was 20%, and "v" shape was 13.3%.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2008

연구목적: 본 연구는 가변형 트레이 개발의 일환으로 그 시제품을 제작하고 비가역성 하이드로콜로이드 인상재를 사용하여 백인과 흑인에 서 인상채득시 트레이의 구강내 적합성를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 가변형 트레이는 한국 성인 악궁의 크기 분석결과를 기본으로 하여 설계하였으며, CAD-CAM 작업을 통하여 견본 모형을 제작한 후 이를 이용하여 실리콘 간이 금형을 만든후 시제품을 제작하였다. 제작된 시제품을 이용하여 국내에 거주하는 백인 60명 (남자 30명, 여자 30명)과 흑인 60명 (남자 30명, 여자 30명)의 인상을 채득한 후 측정부위별로 인상체의 두께와 길이를 측정하여 그 적합도를 평가하였다. 결과: 1. 스탑과 경사면에 의해 트레이의 폭이 적절히 조절되어 균일한 인상체의 두께를 얻을 수 있었다. 2. 백인의 상악 트레이에서는 구개부 중앙이 13.0mm, 구개부 후방이 7.4mm로 비교적 인상체의 두께가 크게 측정되었다. 3. 백인의 하악 트레이에서는 전치 설측 기저부에서 인상체의 길이가 6.7mm로 길게 나타났으며 협측 제1,2 소구치 접촉점에서 폭이 6.7mm로 측정되었다. 설측 후방에서 폭이 2.9mm, 길이는 2.8mm로 조금 작게 측정되었다. 4. 흑인의 상악 트레이에서는 전치 순측 기저부에서 폭이 11.0mm, 구개부 중앙은 12.0mm, 구개부 후방은 11.0mm로 크게 측정되었으며 최후방 변연에서는 제2 대구치에서 후방 변연까지의 거리가 0.8mm로 작게 측정되었다. 5. 흑인의 하악 트레이에서는 전치 순측 기저부에서 폭이 9.2mm, 견치 순면에서 폭이 8.2mm로 비교적 크게 측정되었으며 최후방 변연에서는 제2 대구치에서 후방 변연까지의 거리가 0.3mm로 작게 측정되었다. 결 론: 이상과 같은 연구에 의해 측정된 값을 참고로 트레이의 변연 길이나 폭을 수정하고, 악궁의 해부학적 형태를 반영한다면, 이 가변형 트레이를 사용하여 백인과 흑인에서도 임상에서 보다 쉽고 정확한 인상채득을 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2003

본 연구는 치아크기와 악골크기의 상관관계를 살펴보고자 교정치료경험이 없고 교합이 양호한 87명 (남자49명, 여자38명)의 치아경석고모형과 두부방사선사진을 평가하였다. 치아크기는 치아의 근원심 최대폭경을 디지털 버니어 캘리퍼스를 이용하여 반복 측정하였고 악골의 크기는 기존의 여러 두부방사선계측법에서 이용된 악골의 선계측치를 반복 측정하였다. 치아와 악골크기 모두 성별에 따라 다르게 측정하였다. 치아크기와 악골크기 사이의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 피어슨 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.성별에 따라 두 군으로 나뒀을 경우 악골크기와 치아크기가 두 군에서 유의성 있게 다르게 나타났다. 2.남자군에서는 상악골과 상악치아 크기는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지만 여자군에서는 상악골과 상악치아 크기는 거의 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 3. 남자군에서는 상악골의 크기를 나타내는 PTM vert-ANS vert (FH plane)과 PTM vert-A vert (palatal plane)는 모든 상악치아와 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보였으며 상악중절치는 상악골에 관계된 모든 계측치들과 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보였다. 4. 남여 모두에서 하악골의 크기를 나타내는 B vert- Point J vert (mandibular plane)는 하악치아와 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보였다. 위의 결과에서 자연적으로 나타나는 정상교합에서 치아와 악골크기는 상관관계가 낮거나 거의 없음을 알 수 있다.