• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.1 s.39
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• pp.31-47
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• 2006

This study developed practical reasoning teaching-learning material for middle school home economics education and tested its effects on middle school students' self-esteem The type of this study was a quasi-experimental research and its independent variable was practical reasoning instruction and its dependent variable was self-esteem. The research design for this study was a pretest-posttest design. Practical reasoning instruction was given for experimental group whereas traditional instruction was given to comparison group. For measuring self-esteem, 'self-esteem scale' developed by Choi & Jun(1993) was used and its Cronbach'a was ranged from .69 to .84. Statistic analysis was done by mean and standard deviation for general characteristics of samples and paired t-test for testing difference of pretest-posttest. The results of this study showed that practical reasoning instruction improved middles school students' self-esteem, the general self-esteem and social self-esteem among sub-areas of self-esteem in particular.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

Background: In the stroke patients with the characteristics of hemiplegic gait, turning direction of the affected and unaffected side influences turning time. Therefore, it is important to investigate the walking response to turning directions in stroke patients. Objects: This study aimed to measure the walking time while turning direction in hemiplegic patients depending on balance ability measured by Berg Balance Scale. Methods: A group of forty-five subjects with stroke (Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}46$ were twenty-eight, Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$ were seventeen) were enrolled in this study. Subjects were asked to perform the Timed Up and Go test. Testing indications included two directions for turning in each subject. These indications were for turning toward the affected and unaffected side in stroke patients. The duration of total analysis duration, sit to stand phase, stand to sit phase, mid-turning phase, and end turning phase were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed by using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test in the group that are below and above 45 points of Berg Balance Scale score. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: There were significant increase time in the analysis duration and end turning phase duration while subjects were turned the unaffected side in stroke patients that presented a Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$ (p<.05). However, the comparison between the affected side and the unaffected side in the stroke patients with Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}46$, revealed no significant differences of the measured parameters. Conclusion: This finding should be suggested in the specific definition of turning direction for evaluation with Timed Up and Go test in the Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$, and other intervention for hemiplegic patients need to be suggested the direction of turning during walking training program.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4564-4571
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• 2012

This study performed a virtual reality exercise program for self-back pain control of industrial workers with chronic back pain and analysed their physical function and health-related quality of life relating to industrial chronic back pain. The subjects of the study were thirty chronic back pain patients working for K company and were divided into Nintendo Wii Sports Group made of 15 subjects and Physical Therapy Group made of 15. As variables for physical functions, back strength, flexibility, balance and pain were measured and for the health-related quality of life, SF-36 of each group was measured before and after the exercise program. To compare differences before and after the program, a paired t-test was used and to compare differences between both groups, an independent samples t-test was used. As a result of the test, it was discovered that balance and pain of the both groups were improved statistically significantly. Physical functions of the Nintendo Wii Sports Group were improved statistically significantly in comparison with those of the Physical Therapy Group. The health-related quality of life was improved statistically significantly only for the Nintendo Wii Sports Group. In conclusion, it is suggested that as the virtual reality exercise program had a positive influence on chronic back pain of industrial workers, it should be considered as a home exercise program for back pain control.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.468-474
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a horseback riding simulator, Slings and Kendall Exercise on a cranio-vertebral angle and the neck pain of the Forward Head Posture. This study included 30 young people with forward head posture. They were randomly divided into three groups. Each group performed the exercises for six weeks three times a week from September 2018 to November 2018. The variations of cranio-vertebral angle and neck pain were analyzed using paired t-tests and a one-way ANOVA test. The results of the study are as follows. Three groups showed significant variations of cranio-vertebral angle and neck pain (p < 0.05). But comparison of cranio-vertebral angle and neck pain between the groups showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). This study found that each exercise group for forward head posture was effective for inducing normal cervical alignment and neck pain relief. Therefore, various exercises can improve the forward head posture.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.5 s.82
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• pp.543-552
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the reproducibility of posteroanterior(PA) cephalograms obtained by two methods, the Head Posture Aligner(HPA) method in natural head posture and the conventional method(operator-guided method), and to compare the vertical rotational differences of the head Posture between lateral and PA cephalograms according to the method. The sample was consisted of 30 adults. At first day, a PA cephalogram and a lateral cephalogram were obtained from each subject by two methods to investigate the difference of vertical rotational posture between lateral and PA cephalograms. Two weeks later, another PA cephalogram was obtained using each method to evaluate the reproducibility of head posture. Five height measurements and nine width measurements were used in the paired t-test to compare the reproducibility of the PA cephalometric measurements between two methods. The differences of vertical rotational posture between lateral and PA cephalograms were calculated from a computer program and compared according to the method used, and following results were obtained. 1. Height measurements obtained by operator-guided method showed significant differences according to the time interval and revealed low reproducibility. 2. Height measurements obtained by HPA method did not show significant differences according to the time interval and presented high reproducibility. 3. In the comparison of width measurement, two methods did not show distinct differences in reproducibility. 4. The difference of vertical rotational posture between lateral and PA cephalograms showed $0.8^{\circ}$ in the HPA method, more less than $2.5^{\circ}$ in the operator-guided method. The results of the present study suggest that the HPA may be helpful in the PA cephalometric radiography in terms of reproducibility.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2014

Asymmetric sitting posture may cause asymmetric buttock pressure and unilateral low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of buttock pressure between both sides, and pelvic angle (sagittal and coronal planes) during typing in a sitting position on a pressure mat (Baltube) in individuals with and without unilateral LBP. Ten subjects with unilateral LBP and ten subjects without unilateral LBP were recruited for this study. Buttock pressure was measured using a pressure mat and pelvic angles were measured using a palpation meter. The subjects performed typing in a sitting posture for 30 minutes. Pressure data were collected and averaged at initial term (from start to first minutes) and final term (last minutes of 30 minutes). Angles of pelvic tilting were measured after 30 minutes typing. Pressure asymmetry values (difference in pressure between both sides) were calculated at the initial and final terms. A two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between the initial and final pressure asymmetry values in subjects with and without unilateral LBP. An independent t-test was applied to compare the pelvic tilt angles between the two groups. To compare the change of pressure from the initial term to the final term between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides in the unilateral LBP group, a paired t-test was applied. In the unilateral LBP group, the pressure asymmetric value at the final term was significantly greater than that of the initial term (p<.05). The angle of pelvic tilting in coronal plane was significantly greater in the unilateral back pain group compared to the without unilateral LBP group (p<.05), however, there was no significant difference in the angle of pelvic tilting in the sagittal plane between the two groups (p>.05). In the unilateral LBP group, the change of pressure from the initial term to the final term was significantly less in the symptomatic side (-6.90 mmHg) than the asymptomatic side (5.10 mmHg). This asymmetric sitting posture may contribute to unilateral LBP in the sitting position. Further studies are needed to determine if asymmetric weight bearing in sitting causes unilateral LBP or if unilateral back pain causes asymmetric weight bearing, and if the correction of asymmetric weight bearing in sitting can reduce unilateral LBP.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to enhancing the panoramic radiograph's clinical use for assessing mandibular measurements and formulating a function of those measurements from panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms in children. The panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 99 former orthodontic patients with skeletal class III malocclusion were selected. In each radiograph, gonial angles, ramus heights, and distance between lower incisors and symphysis were measured. The values of the studied parameters were compared by paired t-test, Pearson's correlation test and regression analysis. The mean value of the gonial angle in panoramic radiographs was $125.49^{\circ}$, and the value in lateral cephalograms was $127.50^{\circ}$. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (${\rho}$) between mean values of gonial angle in each radiograph was 0.945 (p < 0.001). The relationship between the gonial angle measurements obtained from each radiographs was represented as 'Gonial angle (Lateral cephalograms) = 0.920 ${\times}$ Average gonial angle (Panoramic radiographs) + 12.072' in the linear function. The coefficients of ramus heights, and distance between lower incisors and symphysis portrayed weaker correlations than gonial angles. A panoramic radiograph could be used to determine the gonial angle as accurately as a lateral cephalogram, and each gonial angle showed a strong positive relation. A panoramic radiograph is a useful tool for examining vertical growth pattern of patients, as well as a lateral cephalogram.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.211-220
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in the pharyngeal airway space, tongue and hyoid bone positions according to the orthognathic surgical methods of mandibular prognathism. Methods: The subjects included 30 patients (16 males, 14 females) with the skeletal class III malocclusion. Group 1 (10 patients) underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) only; group 2 (10 patients) underwent BSSRO with genioplasty; and group 3 (10 patients) underwent BSSRO, Le Fort I osteotomy. We measured the lines between the selected upper air way, hyoid bone and tongue landmarks on the lateral cephalometric x-ray films of skeletal class III. The measurements were made preoperation, within 1 week after the operation, 3~6 months after the operation and 1 year after the operation. We compared and analyzed the measurements with matched paired t-test and independent samples t-test. Results: There were no postoperative changes in the nasopharyngeal airway space in group 3. The measurements of group 3 also increased during the follow-up period as compared to the preoperative measurements. In group 1, 2 and 3, the immediate postoperative oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway spaces were decreased. In the following period, the hypopharyngeal airway space returned to the preoperative positions, but the oropharyngeal airway space was not significantly changed. The upper and lower tongue was posteriorly repositioned immediately after the surgery. During the follow-up period, the lower tongue position returned to the preoperative position, and the upper tongue position was not significantly changed. Immediately after the surgery, the B point was moved to the posterior position, and a slight anterior advancement was found in the follow-up period. Conclusion: Patients who received the mandibular setback surgery showed a decrease in the posterior airway space, and those who underwent maxillary advancement showed a significant increase of the nasopharyngeal airway space, which remained stable during the evaluation period. The change of the airway space, position of the hyoid bone and tongue did not differ according to the presence or absence of genioplasty.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

The objective of this research was to examine the effects of lumber stabilization exercise and a general physiotherapy program for caregivers with chronic low back pain. Sixteen people participated in this study and were randomly assigned to two groups for either lumbar stabilization exercise or for general physiotherapy, respectively. The experiment was performed for eight weeks. To examine the general as well as the medical characteristics of the participants, the following measurements were used: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); Back Performance Scale (BPS); Roland - Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ); and Beck Depression Index (BDI). To compare the general and medical characteristics of the participants in the two groups, an independent t test were used. During the experiment, a paired t test was conducted to determine whether there was a significant difference in the values of VAS, ODI, BPS, RMDQ, and BDI before and after the experiment. To examine the difference in the VAS, ODI, BPS, RMDQ, and BDI values in the two groups, ANCOVA was used with pre test values as a covariate. According to the test results, in the lumbar stabilization exercise group, the VAS, ODI, BPS, RMDQ, and BDI values showed a statistically significant difference before and after the test (p<.05). In comparison, in the general physiotherapy program group, only the ODI and BPS values showed a statistically significant level of improvement. Regarding the degree of improvement, participants in the lumbar stabilization exercise group showed statistically significant progress compared to those in the general physiotherapy group. In summary, lumbar stabilization exercise is regarded as more effective than general physiotherapy for treating caregivers with chronic low back pain. In future studies, it will be useful to expand the research and to examine the long term effects of lumbar stabilization exercise on workers.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.1 s.43
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• pp.65-79
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of practical reasoning home economics instruction on middle school students' views of home economics. Thomas(1986) categorized six alternative views of home economics as education for women, manual training, application of science, household management, family development, and an intervention. This study carried a quasi-experiment research with an independent variable of types of instruction and a dependent variable of views of home economics. The experiment was carried with the sample of 137 8th grade students in Gwangju area for ten class hours. Paired t-test was performed to examine the pretest-posttest differences of each experiment group and comparison group. The results showed that practical reasoning instruction improved level of the view of home economics as an intervention, and decreased level of the view of home economics as manual training. From the results of this study, conclusion can be made that practical reasoning home economics instruction is effective in changing to the appropriate views of home economics. Also it is expected that current Korean home economics textbook can lead to the views of home economics as household management and as family development.