• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.137-246
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• 2023

Background: To investigate the relationship between cutaneous allodynia (CA) and kinesiophobia, gastrointestinal system (GIS) symptom severity, physical activity, and disability, and to determine whether CA, pain, and disability were influencing factors for kinesiophobia, GIS symptoms, and physical activity in individuals with migraine. Methods: The study included 144 individuals with migraine. CA, kinesiophobia, GIS symptoms, physical activity level, and migraine-related disability were evaluated with the Allodynia Symptom Checklist, the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS), the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-7, and the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), respectively. Results: The CA severity was only associated with TKS (r = 0.515; P < 0.001), GSRS-total (r = 0.336; P < 0.001), GSRS-abdominal pain (r = 0.323; P < 0.001), GSRS-indigestion (r = 0.257; P = 0.002), GSRS-constipation (r = 0.371; P < 0.001), and MIDAS scores (r = 0.178; P = 0.033). Attack frequency (P = 0.015), attack duration (P = 0.035) and presence of CA (P < 0.001) were risk factors for kinesiophobia. Attack frequency (P = 0.027) and presence of CA (P = 0.004) were risk factors for GIS symptoms. Conclusions: There was a relationship between the CA and kinesiophobia, GIS symptoms, and disability. CA and attack frequency were found to be risk factors for kinesiophobia and GIS symptoms. Migraine patients with CA should be assessed in terms of kinesiophobia, GIS, and disability. Lifestyle changes such as exercise and dietary changes and/or pharmacological treatment options for CA may increase success in migraine management.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2000

Objectives: The purpose of this study w8s to investigate the experience rate and point prevalence and factors related with Low Back Pain(LBP) in men workers for the manufacturing industry. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 97 men workers for 1 vehicle company in Taegu city in September 6-26, 2000. The information was used to estimate odds ratio and $95\%$ confidence intervals fur the LBP related factors association. Results: The experience rate for LBP was $67.0\%$. point prevalence was $14.4\%$. Variables significantly associated with LBP were weight(p=0.052) and smoking(p=0.010). $57\%$ for patients with LBP was higher than 50.095 far without in normal weight. whereas $43.0\%$ for patients with LBP was smaller than $50.0\%$ for without in overweight. $73.8\%$ for patients with smoking increased than $46.9\%$ for smokers without in smoking. The experience for LBP increased as weight increased(Odds ratio=2.923). As subjects are getting older. experience increased(Odds ratio= 1.393). The higher subjects had experienced stress, the higher experience for LBP was(Odds ratio= 1.328), however all three variables had no significant relationship. Conclusions: Results from this study indicated that a statistically significant association between LBP and weight. smoking in X2-test. In logistic regression test, there were no related variables.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.18-35
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to determine causes of low back pain in bus drivers who usually work in prolonged sitting position and to find the relationship of back pain with general characteristics and work environmental characteristics, stress symptoms, to com맹re lordosis angle of habitual driving posture and resting posture in low back pain group and non-low back pain group, and to use this result as a basis for improvement of work environment and comprehensive rehabilitative management of low back pain. Ninety-eight bus drivers were selected from the membership of an urban transit union in Seoul. These informations were collected from May 1, 1997 to May 25, 1997 by means of structured questionnaires and X-ray findings. These data were analyzed by $x^2$ test, t-test, logistic regression using SAS. The major results were as follows: 1. Of the respondents, 66.3% of bus drivers were found to be experiencing back pain. 2. Of the respondents of low back pain groups, 78.5% reported that major cause of low back pain was due to prolonged sitting. 3. The group with experiences of frequent or continuous vibration had more low back pain (p<0.05). There were no significant differences among other work environmental factors. 4. Average stress score was significantly higher in the group with low back pain than in the group without low back pain (p<0.05). 5. The results of the logistic regression analyses were statistically significant vibration from seat and stress score among the risk factors (p<0.05). 6. Averaged lordosis angle of habitual driving posture was $7.6{\pm}14.9$ degrees in low back pain group, $16.5{\pm}8.7$ degrees in non-low back pain and averaged lordosis angle of resting sitting posture was $10.8{\pm}13.7$ degrees in low back pain, $18.9{\pm}9.6$ degrees in non-low back pain group but the difference in mean lordosis angles of two groups was not statistically significant. The results of this study indicate that professional drivers developed chronicity of low back pain due to unfit seat, poor habitual posture and stress from vibration or other risk factors. Therefore, there is need to improve work environment, i.e. enough resting, to set a seat to support lumbar spine properly and to provide comprehensive rehabilitation program including early diagnosis, proper treatment and education for self help management.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.398-411
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of present study was to investigate the experience and point prevalence rate and factors related with Low Back Pain (LBP) in train egineers. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 324 train engineers in Daejeon railroad administration from May 2002. The information was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95$\%$ confidence intervals (CI) for factors relation to LBP. A retrospective study design was used. Results: The experience rate for LBP was 67.9$\%$, 54$\%$ in one year interval prevalence, 53.4$\%$ in 6 months interval prevalence, and 47.8$\%$ in a point prevalence rate. Variables significantly associated with LBP experience were age (p=0.0327), train vibration(p=0.0015), labour hour(p=0.0034), and pay(p=0.0534). As subjects got older, the higher experience for LBP was (OR=1.1, 95$\%$ CI 1.0-1.2). LBP experience rate for people who had felt train vibration was a higher than those who did not (OR=2.5, 95$\%$ CI 1.4-4.4, OR=2.3 95$\%$ CI 1.3-4.0 in a point prevalence). The people who worked for long hour was a higher than those who did not (OR=2.8, 95$\%$ CI 1.4-5.6, OR=2.2, 95$\%$ CI 1.1-4.5 in a point prevalence). The people who were not satisfied with pay was a higher than those who were (OR=1.7, 95$\%$ CI 1.0-3.0). Factors related to a point prevalence rate were train vibration(p=0.0027), chair vibration (p=0.0444), and labour hour(p=0.0340). LBP a point prevalence rate for people who had felt the vibration of train chair was a higher than those who did not (OR=1.8 95$\%$ CI 0.7-2.0). Conclusions: Results from present study indicated that a statistically significant factors associated with LBP experience were age, train vibration, labour hour, and pay, Factors related to a point prevalence rate were also train vibration, the vibration of train chair, and labour hour.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.227-233
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• 2018

Objectives: Chronic diseases, including back pain, result in significant patient morbidity and societal burden. Overall improvement in physical fitness is recommended for prevention and treatment. Walking is a convenient modality for achieving initial gains. Our objective was to determine whether neighbourhood walkability, acting as a surrogate measure of physical fitness, was associated with the presence of chronic disease. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of prospectively collected data from a prior randomized cohort study of 227 patients referred for tertiary assessment of chronic back pain in Ottawa, ON, Canada. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated from patient-completed questionnaires and medical record review. Using patients' postal codes, neighbourhood walkability was determined using the Walk Score, which awards points based on the distance to the closest amenities, yielding a score from 0 to 100 (0-50: car-dependent; 50-100: walkable). Results: Based on the Walk Score, 134 patients lived in car-dependent neighborhoods and 93 lived in walkable neighborhoods. A multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted for age, gender, rural postal code, body mass index, smoking, median household income, percent employment, pain, and disability, demonstrated an adjusted odds ratio of 2.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.53) times higher prevalence for having a chronic disease for patients living in a car-dependent neighborhood. There was also a significant dose-related association (p=0.01; Mantel-Haenszel chi-square=6.4) between living in car-dependent neighbourhoods and more severe CCI scores. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that advocating for improved neighbourhood planning to permit greater walkability may help offset the burden of chronic disease.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in Korean children and adolescents using representative samples and questionnaires. Methods: A survey involving the interview of 10-, 12-, and 15-year-old children and adolescents regarding the symptoms of TMD was conducted as a part of the 2010 National Oral Health Surveys. The study population included 18,112 subjects (male, 9,734; female, 8,378). The interview involved three questions related to the symptoms of TMD. The prevalence of symptoms of TMD, correlation of the symptoms with sex and age, and the difference in the number of symptoms according to sex and age were analyzed. Results: Among the symptoms of TMD in children and adolescents, the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds during mouth opening was 13.0%, while those of TMJ pain and limitation were 3.1% and 4.3%, respectively. While the prevalence of TMJ sounds during mouth opening did not show any statistically significant difference between the sexes, the rates of prevalence of TMJ pain and limitation of mouth opening in were higher in the female subjects than the male (p<0.05). It was also observed that the older the subjects, the higher the prevalence of TMJ sounds, TMJ pain, and limitation of mouth opening (p<0.05). The number of symptoms of TMD was found to be increased among female subjects as well as the older ones (p<0.05). Conclusions: There are variations in the prevalence of symptoms of TMD among Korean children and adolescents according to sex and age, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. It is necessary to conduct a national cohort study to evaluate the risk factors for TMD in children and adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.239-245
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to identify international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) categories that could be linked conceptually to disability of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) items and short form of health survey 36 (SF-36) items for persons with shoulder pain. Methods: Linkage between each item in DASH and SF-36 and the categories in the ICF were assessed. The linking process was performed by ten health professionals following the linking rule. One hundred four patients with shoulder pain were enrolled from 12 private clinic outpatient departments and participated in this study. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationships between each scale item and the linked ICF code. Results: Thirty DASH items were able to be linked to 30 ICF codes, whereas the 36 items in SF-36 were only linked to 17 ICF codes. General health items included in SF-36 could not be linked to a relevant ICF concept. There was a high correlation between the two measurement tools and the linked ICF codes, DASH and its ICF code list (r =0.91), SF-36-Physical Health and its code list (r =-0.62), and SF-36-Mental Health and its code list (r =-0.72). Conclusion: The results suggest that concepts within each item in DASH can be linked to ICF codes for patients with shoulder pain, however, the concepts in the SF-36 items had limited linkage to ICF codes. The shoulder-specific functional tool, DASH can be expressed with ICF codes and, therefore, its use can promote data standardization and improve communication between professionals.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the degree of fatigue and its related factors in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: The subjects were 143 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Data were collected by questionnaires including Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Fatigue(Tack, 1991), Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire(Bae et al., 1991), numeric scale of pain(Lee & Song, 1987), Center for Epidemiologic StudiesDepression, and Korean Sleep Scale(Oh, et al., 1998). The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0 program using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Result: The result were as follows. 1. The scores of fatigue of subjects averaged $4.95{\pm}1.83$, degree of fatigue was $5.85{\pm}1.98$, and influence of fatigue was $4.04{\pm}2.09$. 2. The mean score of the degree of physical dysfunction, pain, sleep disorder, and depression were $1.42{\pm}0.38,\;8.15{\pm}3.58,\;1.86{\pm}0.67,\;and\;1.85{\pm}0.46$ points respectively. 3. The subject's total fatigue score, physical dysfunction, pain, sleep disorder, and depression was correlated positively(r=.44, r=.28, r=.29, r=.27, p< .01). 4. The main influencing factors on the fatigue were physical dysfunction and sleep disorder. These two main variables made it possible to explain 23.0% of the variance in fatigue. Conclusion: Therefore, nursing interventions for fatigue experienced women with rheumatoid arthritis would be focused to decrease physical dysfunction and sleep disorder.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2010

Objectives: To quantify disability level in salespeople with concurrent low back pain (LBP) and to determine the relative associations between demographic, occupational, psychosocial and clinical factors and back disability. LBP is the most common cause of work-related disability in people under 45 years of age and the most expensive cause of work-related disability, in terms of workers' compensation and medical expenses. Evidence suggests high prevalence of LBP in salespeople. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in which 184 saleswomen with a current episode of self-reported LBP working in a large up-scale department store filled out a battery of 6 self-administered questionnaires and received a standardised physical examination. Results: Saleswomen with concurrent LBP had low disability levels. Factors significantly associated with disability were pain intensity, measured by a visual analogue scale, in the past week (p < 0.001), physical and mental health status (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively), fear avoidance scores for both work and physical activities (p = 0.031, p = 0.014, respectively), past history of LBP (p = 0.019), and self-reported frequency of pushing or pulling objects placed in high positions during work (p = 0.047). A significant level (45%) of the variance in disability status was explained by these variables. Conclusion: In clinical management of LBP workers who required prolonged standing, such as salespeople, clinicians should look for modifiable risk factors associated with disability. Specific measures need to be taken to prevent disability due to LBP among salespeople.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.132-143
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to know the correlation of transvaginal sonography findings, CA-125 and blood stasis pattern for 15 adenomyosis patients. Methods: We got questionnaires from 15 patients among 243 patients who had hysterectomy related with adenomyosis in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, OO medical center from April 11th 2010 to November 15th 2010, and analyzed them. We conducted correlation analysis between age, pain(VAS), duration of pain and blood stasis score, and between difference and sum of uterine walls, CA-125 and blood stasis score. For statistics, we used Spearman correlation coefficient and SPSS version 17.0 for windows. Results: The correlation between sum of uterine walls and CA-125 showed statistical significance. The correlation between CA-125 and blood stasis score showed statistical significance. There is no statistically correlation between age, VAS, duration of the pain and blood stasis score. There is no statistically correlation between difference of uterine walls and CA-125, and between difference and sum of uterine walls and blood stasis score. Conclusion: The result showed that sum of uterine walls is related with CA-125. We need a further study to develop blood stasis indicators with a validated questionnaire, and more subjects involved at multiple institutions.