• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.682-692
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• 2012

Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, indigestion, circulatory problems and pain. The associated anti-inflammatory effect of this agent is achieved via the inhibition of Nf-${\kappa}B$ signaling, a property that has been demonstrated to effectively control the symptoms of various skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Sea Buckthorn in reducing the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting the Nf-${\kappa}B$ pathway, as measured by the symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD) occurring secondarily to inflammation and immune dysregulation. Our data demonstrate that Sea Buckthorn significantly decreased the LPS-induced production of NO (p<0.001). Atopic dermatitis was induced by repeated application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene to the dorsal skin of mice. Topical application of 5% Sea Buckthorn extract improved the symptoms of AD, specifically reducing disease severity scores, scratching behaviors and epidermal thickness. When compared to the control group, animals treated with Sea Buckthorn exhibited increased serum IL-12 levels and decreased serum TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4 and IL-5 levels. Such a modulation of biphasic T-helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokines may result in a reduction in serum IgE levels. Our findings suggest that mechanism of action of Sea Buckthorn in the treatment of AD is associated with a marked anti-inflammatory effect as well as an inhibition of Th2-mediated IgE overproduction via the modulation of biphasic Th1/Th2 cytokines. Such results suggest that topical Sea Buckthorn extract may prove to be a novel therapy for AD symptoms with few side effects.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 1997

Capsaicin is known to be an analgesic agent, affecting the synthesis, storage, , transport and release of substance p, the principal neurotransmitter of pain from periphery to the central nervous system(CNS). DA-5018, a newly synthesized capsaicin derivative has shown potent analgesic effect comparable to that of morphine in various rat models of experimentally inducted acute pairs. In this study the mechanism of analgesic actlvity of DA-5018 was examined. First, the electrically-evoked contraction of guinea pig trachea was inhibited by DA-5018 and these inhibition was recovered by incubation with capsafepine(3$\muM$), capsaicin receptor antagonist and this result suggested that DA-5018 has affinity on capsaicin receptor. The correlation between the norciceptive threshold and the release of substance P was evaluated. In vivo perfusion of slices of the rat spinal cord with DA-5018(10, 100$\muM$) produced a significant increase of the release of substance P and this increase was less than that of capsaicin(10$\muM$). The norciceptive threshold of rat treated with DA-5018(1 mg/kg, p.o) in tall pinch test increased from 2.9$\pm$0.3 to 23.5 $\pm$6.61. Tail pinch latency increased to a maximun at 15 min after DA-5018 treatment and then declined to control values by 120 min. The capsaicin-evoked release ot substance P from the spinal cord slices of rat treated with DA-5018 reduced from 2.38$\pm$ 0.79 to 0.69$\pm$ 0.26 pg/mg wet weight. This reduction reached to a minium at 15 min after DA-5018 treatment and then recovered to control value by 120 min. These results mean that analgesic activity of DA-5018 is due to release of substance P The effect of DA-5018 cream on electrically-evoked neurogenic inflammation of rat saphenous nerve was compared with capsaicin (zostrix-HP). DA-5018 showed 34% inhibition of the neurogenic extravasation while capsaicin showed significant 67% inhibition. This result indicates that the potency of DA-5018 in the release of substance P is less than that of capsaicin. These results suggest that the release of substance P is partially involved in the mechanism of analgesic action of DA-50l8.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.361-380
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to a analysis of friction relation between tennis outsole and tennis playing surfaces. Tennis footwear is an important component of tennis game equipment. It can support or damage players performance and comfort. Most importantly athletic shoes protect the foot preventing abrasions and injuries. Footwear stability in court sports like tennis is incredibly important since it is estimated that as many as 45% of all lower extremity injuries occur in the foot and ankle. The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it. The friction force opposes the motion of the object. Friction results when two surfaces are pressed together closely, causing attractive intermolecular forces between the molecules of the two different surfaces. The outsole provides traction and reduces wear on the midsole. Today's outsoles address sport specific movements (running versus pivoting) and playing surface types. Different areas of the outsole are designed for the distinct frictional needs of specific movements. Traction created by the friction between the outsole and the surface allows the shoe to grip the surface. As surfaces, conditions and player motion change, traction may need to vary. An athletic shoe needs to grip well when running but not when pivoting. Laboratory tests have demonstrated force reductions compared to impact on concrete. There is a correlation between pain, injury and surface hardness. These are a variety of traction patterns on the soles of athletic shoes. Traction like any other shoe characteristic must be commensurate and balanced with the sport. The equal and opposite force does not necessarily travel back up your leg. The surface itself absorbs a portion of the force converting it to other forms of energy. Subsequently, tennis court surfaces are rated not only for pace but also for the percentage of force reduction.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-24
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• 1996

The Delivery Process can be viewed as one of the developmental crisis that forces the majority of women. During the labor and delivery process the women may face a variety of problems and pain with all its subjectivity. This developmental crisis may lead a pregnant women to have a negative experience in delivery. For nurses, to help to pregnant women check with the crisis and perceived support and to positive experience. This study intended to analyze the pregnant women's delivery experience according to supporter during labor. The subjects for this study were 45 pregnant women who had normal delivery without complications, within 37 to 42 weeks of pregnancy. Data Collection was done from April 24th to May 20th 1995 by two instruments, a support measurement scale and a delivery experience measurement scale which were consisted it 18-items scale developed by researcher. The data was analyzed by SPPS program using descriptive statistic Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis and Spearman Correlation Coefficient. The result of this study are as follows. 1. Support distribution by support contents is shown is order of holding the hands (97.8%), help to urination(86.7%), bed arrangement(57.8%), massaging the arms and legs(55.6%), changes in posture(44.4%), teaching how to produce power(44.4%), while emotional support is disclosed in order of sympathy(97.8%), encouragement(82.2%), hearing the needs(60.0%), However, information support was as low as less than 33.3%. 2. The extent of delivery experience a Pregnant woman perceives is revealed in order of a sense of comfortableness(44%), satisfaction(43.2%), reduction of fear(43.2%), familiarity (42.8%), self-confidence (42.5%), decrease of laborpain(39.9%). 3. The extent of delivery support a pregnant woman perceives reveals that physical support($x^2$=22.4452, P=.000) and information support($x^2$=7.5187, P=.0233) Show a significant difference among the mothers group, the mothers-in-law group, the husbands group, but to significant difference was found in emotional support among them. 4. The extent of delivery experience a pregnant woman perceives represents a significant difference in order of the mothers group, the mothers in-law group, and the husbands group($x^2$=13.4255, P=.0012). 5. A positive correlation was manifested between the extent of support and delivery experience a pregnant woman perceives(r=.8643, P=.000). This information can be utilized as data to further the understanding delivery experience according to supporter. In Consequence, it is recommended that the range of family support limited to husband should be expended including mother and mother-in-law.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2007

The previous study reported the biological effect of magnetic field exerted by acting on endocrine and anti-oxidant system. The present study aims to study whether ELF-MF (extremely low frequency magnetic field) affects the physiological endocrine systems such as thyroid and whether ELF-MF affects the defense system against oxidative stress when it alters the function of thyroid. Finally, we correlate the effects of MF on oxidative stress, and adrenal and thyroid with an environmental stress factor. We exposed sham or MF to rats for 5 or 25 days. After the exposure, we determined pain sensitivity, level of TSH, $T_3$ and free $T_4$ in plasma. We also assayed in whole brain, lipid peroxidation, the activity of enzymatic anti-oxidant defense including superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and non enzymatic defense such as reduced or oxidized glutathione contents. MF induced the hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli with the reduction of latency. $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels were also increased by the exposure of MF. In addition, we observed the rise of MDA level in rat brain by MF although the MF did not change superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. The effect of MF on both reduced and oxidized glutathione results in decrease in reduced or oxidized glutathione in whole brain. In every experiment, there was no significant difference in MF influence between short term (5 days) and long term (25 days) exposure. Taken together, MF exposure affects the thyroid hormonal control in brain. The elevated thyroid hormone acts on brain, leading to hyper-utilization of oxygen. This phenomenon may be correlated with oxidative stress resulting from MF exposure. In conclusion, we suggest that MF exposure may be an environmental stress by exerting oxidative stress.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.225-242
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify students' experiences of performance and their satisfaction with clinical nursing practice in Women's health nursing. Methods: Data was collected using questionnaire consisting of 104; 89,; and 82 nursing activities with 12; 10; and 7 domains for delivery floor, obstetric, and gynecologic wards retrospectively. Five hundred ninety nursing students from 10 four year and one three year colleges, were recruited and selected for data collection. Results: Site specific core nursing activities among top 15 items of performed experience were: interpreting fetal monitoring; massage for pain reduction; breathing technique; perineal pad change; non stress test; manual check for uterine contraction; and position change for the delivery floor. Experiences of clinical nursing practice for the obstetric ward and the gynecologic ward were identified and ranked as well. Observation of delivery, measurement & test during labor and observation of anesthesia and operation were the highest ranked activity domains of satisfaction for delivery floor, obstetric and gynecologic wards retrospectively. Conclusion: Discussions are needed to standardize curriculum for clinical practice in women's health nursing initiated at the level of Korean Society of Womens' Health Nursing by reflecting this result. Strategic approaches are emphasized in order to enhance a collaboration between clinical fields and colleges.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.361-366
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• 1986

Fracture of the carpal scaphoid bone is the most common fracture of the carpus. Unfortunately. nonunion are common since the symptoms do not alert patients to seek early medical treatment and the diagnosis is easily missed. Fracture of the scaphoid is a common condition whose management remains controversial. The conservative treatment has many complications, these include inability to work while in plaster, stiffness of the wrist afterwards, muscle wasting, weakness and malunion. So various operative treatments of scaphoid fracture have been developed. Open reduction by use of screws suggested by Maclaughlin first in 1954. In 1984 a new and simple operative technique has been developed to provide rigid internal fixation for all types of fractures of the scaphoid by T.J. Herbert. This involves the use of a double-treaded bone screw which provides good fixation that, after operation, a plaster cast is rarely required and most patients are able to return to work within a few weeks. Authors have experienced 10 cases of scaphoid fracture and accomplished good result in all cases by internal fixation using Herbert screw. The results are as follows : Of these 10 fractures, 2 were fresh fractures and 8 were non unions of scaphoid fracture. In nonunion cases, the time interval between fracture and operation was from 5 months to 5 years. The postoperative immobilization period was average of 4 weeks. Short period of immobilization achieved early functional recovery of the wrist. The bony unions in roentgenogram were seen from 3 months to 9 months after operation. In 2 cases the fracture gap was seen after 9 months. But in these cases the symptoms such as pain and range of motion of wrist were improved.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.330-337
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• 2003

This is a retrospective study on the care of odontogenic infections in admission patients with major bleeding disorders. The study was based on a series of 514 patients treated at Dong San Medical Center, Wonju Christian Hospital and Il San Health Insurance Hospital, from Jan. 1, 2000, to Dec. 31, 2002. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The cardiovascular disease was the most frequent cause of the systemic diseases with major bleeding disorders, and liver disease, cerebrovascular disease and renal failure were next in order of frequency. But, there was the most frequent dental consultation in the liver disease, owing to the many odontogenic infectious diseases. 2. Male prediction (66.3%) was almost existed in the odontogenic infectious patients with major bleeding disorders. But, there was slight female prediction (53.4%) in the cardiovascular disease. 3. The most common age group of the odontogenic infectious patients with major bleeding disorders was the fifty decade(27.2%), followed by the forty, sixty & thirty decade in order. 4. In the contents of chief complaints on the odontogenic infectious patients with major bleeding disorder, peak incidence was occurred as toothache (42.2%), followed by intraoral bleeding, ulcer pain, dental extraction in order. 5. In the diagnosis group of odontogenic infectious diseases, periodontitis, pulpitis and periapical abscess were more common. 6. In the treatment group of odontogenic infectious diseases, the most frequent incidence(44.2%) was showed in primary endodontic drainage(pulp extirpation, occlusal reduction & canal opening drainage) and followed by the incision & drainage, the medications & oral hygiene instruction, scaling, indirect pulp capping in order.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2008

A 5-year-old Chihuahua dog was evaluated for a tetraparesis. The dog was presented with a non-ambulatory tetraparesis and neck pain. Radiography demonstrated an atlantoaxial (AA) subluxation and increased distance between the dorsal arch of the C1 and the dorsal spinous process of the C2. The AA joint was fixed with ventral transarticular fixation using two screws under fluoroscopic guidance. Neck brace was applied during 3 weeks post-operation. After 4 weeks, the dog was fully ambulatory with improved neurological function. Postoperative radiographs confirmed reduction of the luxation and no migration of screws. The dog showed complete resolution of clinical signs without signs of recurrence till 4 months after operation. Proper angulations of screws provided under fluoroscopic guidance, enabled adequate stabilization of the AA joints using ventral transarticular screw fixation which improved neurologic outcome of the patient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.903-910
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• 2016

In this study, the expression level of estrogen receptor in an ovariectomized rat model was effectively enhanced by MS-10, Cirsium japonicum and Thymus vulgaris extract complex, in a reversible manner. MS-10 plays a positive role in enhancing estrogen activity at low concentrations, leading to improved women's health. In order to determine whether or not MS-10 improves menopausal symptoms clinically, a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical study was carried out on 62 middle-aged women treated with 500 mg of MS-10 or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Clinical menopausal symptoms were evaluated by Kupperman's index (KI) detecting various menopausal symptoms, including hot flushes, parenthesis, insomnia, nervousness, melancholia, dizziness, fatigue, rheumatic pain, palpitations, formication, and headaches. Total KI score decreased significantly by about 18% upon ingestion of MS-10. Colpoxerosis, a main symptom of menopause, was significantly reduced by about 21% upon ingestion of MS-10 in contrast to placebo. In addition, reduction of insulin-like growth factor-1 with age was improved by over 10% upon ingestion of MS-10, whereas there were no significant difference with placebo. No side effects appeared after treatment with MS-10. Thus, MS-10 can be suggested as a plausible natural substance for improving women's health.