• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a program of Tai Chi and auricular acupressure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The study design was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 14 outpatients with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis based on the American College of Rheumatology Standards. The setting was a Academic Section of Musculoskeletal Disease in the Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine in United Kingdom. The program was Tai Chi exercise with auricular acupressure per two times a week, for twelve weeks. Results: A program of Tai Chi with auricular acupressure showed significant improvements in amount of pain of RADAI, 28 Joint count swollen, fatigue, physical, affect and symptom of AIMS2, function and symptom of ASES (p<0.05). However, no differences were found in the score of self-efficacy relate to the pain, and quality of healthy related life to social interaction. Conclusion: In order to improve the quality of healthy related life and self-efficacy relate to the pain, it requires long-term intervention. Also different research designs are needed to confirm the effect of this study.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

The term thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is used to describe patients with compressed subclavian arteries, veins, and brachial plexuses in the region of the thoracic outlet. The objective of this study was to evaluate a scalenus stretching exercise that aims to restore normal function to patients with TOS. This study consisted of 60 patients with symptoms of TOS, and divided the patients into 3 groups: one that received manual therapy, one that practiced self stretching, and a control group. Each group consisted of 20 patients. This study assessed the efficacy of scalenus stretching exercise by examining the resting pain, tenderness, spherical grip power, and pinch grip power of patients. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc test, and independent t-test. The results showed that resting pain was statistically significant within the manual therapy and self stretching groups (p<.05), and that the resting pain of the manual therapy group was more statistically significant than that of the self stretching group (p<.05). Tenderness, spherical grip power, and pinch grip were statistically significant within the manual therapy and self stretching groups (p<.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>.05). Finally I could see that there were no statistical differences between manual therapy and self stretching to improve the symptoms of the patients with TOS. These results imply that self stretching by patients is as important as manual therapy by a physical therapist.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.262-277
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and to examine the relationship between health related variables of the clients with arthritis. This descriptive-correlational study was measured physical health status(pain, fatigue, physical disability, joint flexibility) and psycho-social health status(social function disability, self-efficacy, depression). The clients were consisted of 127 arthritis clients who were randomly selected from health center, 2 sub health center and 6 primary health care center in Wonju City. The data was collected from November 2000 to January 2001. The results of the study analyzed using a SPSS win were as follows: 1) The subjects' average age was 64.81 years old(female: 86.6%, male: 13.4%). 2) In physical health status, the average score of fatigue was 63 scores and pain was 69.77. Physical disability score was higher than total disability score. In psychosocial disability, housekeeping management disability score was higher than social function disability score. In psycho-social health status, the average score of self-efficacy was 70.86 and the subjects have higher level of depression, more than 20 scores. 3) On pain sites, almost of subjects complained of a knee joint pain. The waist, wrist, and shoulder joint pain were followed. The numbers of pain site were 8.3 per individuals. 4) The flexibility of knee and shoulder joint were lower than another joints. 5) Correlation with fatigue, pain, physical disability, social disability, self-efficacy and depression was revealed highly significant. We suggest that health promotion program considering our research results should be provided for arthritis clients in community level.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.238-252
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• 2003

Objective : This study is performed for the purpose of examining the efficacy of the scolopendrid(Scolopendra morsitans L.) which has been to low back pain as a folk remedy. Methods & Results : Seventy patients with H.I.V.D. treated with the scolopendrid aquacupuncture and examined 4 tests; D.I.T.I., physical test, Oswestry disability index, and self-conscious pain rate were studied. And we follow up after discharge, we evaluated the present state and recovery period. Or we evaluated by herniated type and duration of onset. There was 58~97% of efficacy rate in each tests. Moreover, statistically valuable change in all 7 D.I.T.I. points and in disability index and in self-conscious pain rate was showed. Conclusion : The scolopendrid aquacupuncture is possible to be effective terating the H.I.V.D patients. So we suggest the possibility using this new remedy to the H.I.V.D. patients.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2003

Objective : This study is perfonned for the purpose of examining the efficacy of the scolopendrid (Scolopendra morsitans L.) which has been used to low back pain as a folk remedy. Methods & Results : Seventy patients with H.I.V.D. treated with the scolopendrid aquacupuncture and examined 4 tests; D.I.T.L., physical test, Oswestry disability index, and self-conscious pain rate were studied. There was $50{\sim}100\%$ of efficacy rate in each tests. Moreover, statistically valuable change in 5 to 7 D.I.T.I. points and in self-conscious pain rate was showed. Conclusion : The scolopendrid aquacupuncture is possible to be effective treating the H.I.V.D patients. So we suggest the possibility using this new remedy to the H.I.V.D. patients.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

It is reported that self-help education is effective to increase self-efficacy for the patients with chronic illness. Also self-efficacy Is proved to be an Important variable to effect the physical and psychological health state. Based upon this theoretical framework, KRHPS (Korean Rheumatology Health Professions Society) has administered for 2 years the self-help education increasing self-efficacy for the patients with arthritis. The group had a weekly session for 6 weeks. During the session, self-efficacy was increased by 1) actually performing a behavior, 2) listening to other patients talking about a successful experience or seeing other patients performing a behavior, 3) Instructor's or another patient's verbal persuasion, and 4) physiological cues experienced by themselves. Every group had 4-15 participants and 2 instructors. Data were collected by self-administered questionaire for 211 out of 361 participants. One hundred and fifty two subjects were analyzed because of missing values. As a result, it was confirmed that self-help education was effective to increase self-efficacy and self-efficacy was an important variable to Improve pain, depression, and ADL. Also it may fairly be said that nurses were right health-professionals to lead self-help groups for the patients with chronic illness. So it is important to facilitate many other self-help education for the patients with chronic illness.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2004

This was one experimental study, conducted to identify the effects of stretching exercise included health education on physical health index, self-reported symptoms, and self-efficacy of exercise in Elderly. Subjects included 28 women elderly who were residents of H Dong, Dondae moon-Gu, Seoul. The treatment intervention was applied during total 8 weeks as 5 times/week for stretching exercise with 2 times/weeks for health education. Data collection were from February to April, 2004. SPSS Window program was used by aims of this study for data analysis. The results were as following: 1. 75 old age above (39.3%) was the most of age in subjects. None education (42.9%) was the most of subjects in this study. Perceived health state was the most as 71.4% in moderate and good health state. 2. Stretching exercise included health education, significantly effected on the total Cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (p=.009*; p=.043*; p=.006*). However, the body fat weight was no significantly on the effect of stretching exercise included health education (p=.991). Also, stretching exercise included health education, significantly effected on total self-reported symptoms (p=.001*) with joint pain, joint rigidity, fatigue, indigestion, elimination disorder, and sleep disturbance. However, indigestion (p=.129) was no significantly on the effect of stretching exercise included health education. Self efficacy of exercise (p=.000*) was significantly on the effect. As according to this results, physical health index (total Cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride) and self-reported symptoms (joint pain, joint rigidity, fatigue, elimination disorder, and sleep disturbance) were reduced through stretching exercise included health education. Self efficacy was improved by this exercise program. Therefore, it is confirmed that stretching exercise included health education is an effective nursing intervention for physical, mental, and psychological health management in elderly. Accordingly, authors are proposing that variously effective health management exercise programs must be developed for elderly, at the same time, the application and following up on the programs will be more important in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2022

Objectve: To inform a clinical usefulness of Nangan-geon (暖肝煎) decoction to treat a refractory abdominal pain especially in eldery. Methods: This case report presents an 85-year old male patient who had been suffered with a refractory abdominal pain without any abnormality in laboratory test and radiological examination for 5-years. The clinical outcome was observed by numerical rating scale (NRS) of self-reporting method. Results: Based on his previous multiple normal examination results from Western hospitals and clinical features including thin body (19.6 BMI), nocturnal pain around lower abdomen and cold-sensitivity, author diagnosed him as "deficiency and cold of liver-Qi (肝氣虛寒)" similar to intestinal spasm. After prescription with Nangan-geon (暖肝煎) for one month, all symptoms became improved notably (NRS 5), and almost completely recovered as a level of normal condition in 3 months (NRS 1). Conclusion: This study would show the potential of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) therapies for a refractory functional abdominal pain, and especially efficacy of Nangan-geon against cold-pattern of nonspecific abdominal pain in elderly patients.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.238-252
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• 1998

Reumatic arthritis is a disease with joint pain being one of the key symptoms. The patient suffers from the pain, stiff sensation and edema due to the inflammation taking Place In one or more joints. Accompanying these problems are fatigue, unusual exhaustion, fever, tachycardia and weakness. Inaddition, joints are often deformed and muscles shrink along with the progress of edema, coupled with depression and psychological instability resulting from the loss of the mobile function and limitations on the daily life. Some patients become fed up with the long and hard flight with the disease and just give up, which aggravates the symptoms. Others come to the hospital only when the conditions have become serious. We need to prevent these and guide the patients in the right direction. Against this backdrop, this study aims to look into the relations between the knowledge on the part of the patients together with their feeling of self-efficacy and the compliance. The results are expected to help the patients improve their life, In addition to providing useful materials for setting up appropriate plan for nursing intervention. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaire to 88 patients selected from the out-patient department of a university hospital in Inchon, from April 6 to 27, 1998. The following tools were used the yardstick of self-efficacy, developed in 1997 by the Society for the Health of Rheumatism Patients, was used for measuring the levels of knowledge and the feeling of self-efficacy. The degree of compliance was measured by the data collected from documents in addition to the results of the analysis of the interviews with the patients. The reliability of the tools was confirmed. In the analysis, the general characteristics were expressed in figures and percentages. The levels of knowledge, feeling of self-efficacy, and compliance were expressed in the average values and standard deviations. The relations among the variables following the general characteristics were analysed by the t-test and one-way ANOVA. The Pearson correction coefficient was used for the analysis of factors. Multiple-loop analysis was used to identify the variables affecting the compliance. The following are the results of this study. 1. Among the 88 patients, 18 were men and the remaining 70 were women, with a ratio 1 : 3.87. Regarding the age groups, 23 were between 50 and 59 years old, with those between 50 and 69 accounting for 51.1% of the total. High school graduates or higher amounted to 58%. Religious patients was 67% or 59 persons. Fifty nine percent were unemployed, and 58.3% (49 persons) had two children or fewer. The period of suffering from rheumatism varied between 2 months and IS years, with 70% less than years. 2. The average figure In relation to the of knowledge was 17.63 points over 30 or 58. 76%, which means a medium level. 3. The average figure of the feeling of self-efficacy was 60.06 points. 4. The level of compliance was 3.26, which was above average. 5. The relation between the feeling of self-efficacy and compliance showed an "r" value of 0.37, which was significant. It means that the higher the feeling, the greater the compliance points. 6. The analysis of the knowledge level revealed that the difference is found only between the college graduates and junior-high graduates or lower. 7. The feeling of self-efficacy varied along with the age and education level. 8. The general characteristics of patients as discussed above did not show significant difference with the compliance. 9. Regarding the elements influencing the compliance, the number of children, period of suffering, income, age, feering of self-efficacy, knowledge, and compliance had 54% of significance. In conclusion, rheumatism victims can lead a better life if they are appropriately educated, based on efficient training program from the early days of the disease ; if they become able to manage themselves thanks to the training ; and if they are helped by a program focusing on the increase of the feeling of self-efficacy aimed at changing patient's behavior.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2002

The purpose of this one group pre and post test study was to evaluate the effect of self-help programs(SHP) which has been conducted from 1997 to 2000. The SHP was held by Korean Rheumatology Health Professionals Society(KRHP) once a week for 6 weeks for chronic arthritis patients in Korea. Eight hundred fifty five subjects completed the program at 43 sites. The effect of SHP were evaluated by flexibility, pain, activities of daily living(ADL), fatigue, depression and self-efficacy. After SHP, followings were found: 1. Participants' characteristics of SHP were most common in living in Seoul, women, sixties, high school graduates, house wifes, osteoarthritis, completed in 1999. 2. The flexibility of arm, knee, ankle joint were significantly increased, but the flexibility of the shoulder was not changed. 3. Level of pain was decreased significantly from 5.21 to 3.99, and the number of painful joints were decreased from 4.96 to 4.18 significantly. 4. The score of ADL was increased from 53.74 to 54.97 significantly. 5. The score of depression and self-efficacy was not changed. In conclusion, SHP was clearly proved to be an effective nursing intervention to Increase the flexibility of arm, knee, ankle joint and enhanced ADL. Also SHP decreased pain and fatigue. More research is needed to determine the role of self-efficacy and depression in the SHP, use of a randomized design and longer follow up period to understand more about the effects of the program.