• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 2000

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the level of disease condition and ADL by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects of the study consisted of eighty-four outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis at a university hospital in Taegu between July 20, 1999 and August 25, 1999. The instruments used in this study were the self-efficacy developed by Lorig et al. (1989), the pain scale developed by Lee and Song(1987), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), the pain joint count to measure disease condition scale, and the ADL scale developed by Katz et al. (1970) and Barthel(1973). Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics: Pearson Correlation, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe, with the SPSS program. The major findings can be summarized as follows: 1. The first hypothesis, "There will be differences in the level of disease condition by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was partially supported. 1-1. "There will be differences in the level of pain by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was supported(F=3.422, p=.037). 1-2. "There will be differences in the level of ESR by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was the Disease Condition and supported (F=3.314, p=.041). 1-3. "There will be differences in the level of pain joints count by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was rejected(F=2.602, p=.080). 2. The second hypothesis, "There will be differences in the level of ADL by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was supported(F=7.067, p=.001). With the above results, it can be concluded that the higher level of self-efficacy contributed to the better level of disease condition and ADL in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, by providing nursing intervention to promote the level of self-efficacy of rheumatoid arthritis patients with low self-efficacy, disease condition and ADL would be much better.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.332-344
• /
• 2000

The subjects of this study were 100 elderly people who were over 60 years of age and had chronic pain. The study examined the matter of quality of life and self-efficacy of elderly patients with chronic pain including the influence of related factors on these variables. Also, by examining their relation, it provides basic data for the development of efficient nursing interventions for the elderly patients with chronic pain. The tools were the general self-efficacy scale by Sherer & Maddux(1982) and a specific self-efficacy Scale(Lorig et al, 1989) modified to better suit the subjects of this study. The quality of life scale by You-Ja Ro(1988) modified to better suit the subjects of this study was used. The data were collected from August to October 1999. Four researchers and two research assistants developed a data collection protocol subjected to a pilot study for confirmation of validity. In this study, the research assistants read the questionaire to the subjects and recorded the responses themselves. The interviews lasted 40-50 minutes on an average. The data thus collected were analyzed in terms of t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, using the SAS PC program. The major findings are as follows: 1) For self-efficacy it was found that males had higher self-efficacy than females for specific self-efficacy. But for general efficacy, males and females showed similar results. The the quality of life was found to be higher for males than females. 2) A positive correlation was identified between the specific self-efficacy, general self-efficacy and quality of life. 3) The general characteristics affecting the self-efficacy of elderly patients with chronic pain were employment, age, level of education, spouse, economic status and income. Self-efficacy was higher among those who were employed, aged between 66-70, well-educated, married and rich or having their own income. 4) The general characteristics affecting the quality of life of elderly patients with chronic pain were lodging with children, religion, level of education and economic status. The quality of life was higher among those who lived with their children and were Buddhists, were well-educated and rich.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 2016

Background: Chronic back pain shows a high correlation with lumbar disability, physical disability for daily activities, and psychosocial factors, such as depression. Object: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of the level of pain and disability with psychosocial factors, which are potential disturbance variables, in patients with chronic lumbar pain. Method: The sample included 258 patients, who had complained of chronic lumbar pain for more than three months. The Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale was used to measure the level of pain, and a Korean version of Oswestry Disability Index was used to measure the level of disability. Psychosocial factors were measured using the Tampa scale for Kinesiophobia-11, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using PASW 18.0, and an independent samples t-test was used to examine frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation of sociodemographic characteristics and major variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the correlation between the level of pain and disability and psychosocial factors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was done to determine the level of pain and psychosocial factors of functional disorder. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Result: There is a strong correlation between the level of pain and functional disorder and psychosocial factors in patients with chronic lumbar pain. The study also revealed that as the levels of pain and fear avoidance increase, pain self-efficacy decreases. Conclusion: The results suggest that negative perceptions towards pain, limitations of physical movement, and severe fear avoidance directly affect the decrease in pain self-efficacy. Therefore, it is recommended to test pain self-efficacy when measuring the level of pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.130-139
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Tai Chi exercise on muscle strength, grip strength, flexibility, pain, depression and self-efficacy in patients with osteoarthritis. Method: With a quasi-experimental design, 46 persons with osteoarthritis were assigned into an experimental group (n=22) or a control group (n=24). Muscle strength, grip strength, flexibility, pain, depression and self-efficacy were measured both before and after the exercise. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 68 years in the experimental group and 64 years in the control group. After controlling for age and pre-test outcome variables, muscle strength scores (F=-14.8, p= .00), grip strength scores (Rt: F=8.40, p= .01), and self-efficacy (F=47.3, p= .00) improved more in the experimental group than the control group. Joint pain scores (F=15.0, p= .00) and depression scores (F=14.7, p= .00) decreased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise is likely to be an effective nursing intervention to improve muscle strength, grip strength, and self-efficacy and reduce pain and depression for patients with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 1995

Coping patterns were investigated in a sample of 126 patients with chronic low back pain by means of self-reported questionnaire. Based on the previous researches, coping pat terns were divided into the active cognitive coping, the active behavioral coping, the passive cognitive coping, and the passive behavioral coping. While all the above coping patterns were used, the passive behavioral coping was found to be used most frequently. Six subgroups were identified by cluster analytic procedure using their scores of the coping scale : active cognitive coper, general active coper, passive behavioral coper, general passive coper, multidimensional coper, and multi dimensional non-coper. Six subgroups were compared regarding locus of control, self-efficacy, pain and demographic variables. Distinct differences appeared among subgroups in internal locus of control, self-efficacy, and pain. General active coper and active cognitive coper had higher internal locus of control, higher self-efficacy, and lower pain. General passive coper and multidimensional non-coper had lower internal locus of control, lower self-efficacy, and higher pain. Passive behavioral coper had higher internal locus of control, lower self-efficacy, and higher pain. It supports the concept of learned helplessness due to prior experiences. Multi dimensional coper had higher internal, higher powerful others, and higher self-efficacy. So it corresponds to 'believer in control' group Identified by Wallston et at(1982). Unexpectedly this group also complained more pain. It could be interpreted in two ways. The more coping methods they use, the more they complain pain ; which is the result of Folkman et al (1986). Or they might be typical 'yea sayers'. These unique groups-passive behavioral coper and multidimensional coper-identified by this study supports the suggestion of Wallston et al(1982), about locus of control : individual's pattern of responses across the three scales may be more predictive than his or her scores on each of the scale seperately. The fact that passive coping was used more than active coping also suggests that self controlled active co ping is encouraged to chronic patients as well as acute patients. And it is necessary to articulate the coping scale and self-efficacy scale. It is also necessary to study the relationship of coping and adjustment by experimental design.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.249-261
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of short term selp-help education on pain, depression, self-efficacy, and quality of life in patients having chronic arthritis. This program was carried out 3 hrs per week for 4 weeks by 3 small groups among 10 patients. Research design was a quasi-experimental study of nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subject of this study were 10 of experimental group and 10 of control group. Before and after 4 weeks program, quality of life, self-efficacy, depression, pain, ADL were measured. As a result, it was confirmed the self-help education was effective to increase quality of life, but self-efficacy, depression, pain, ADL were not improved. This suggests the replicate study to examine the effect of self-help education with the large samples of subjects having chronic arthritis.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.167-177
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to explore the effects of aqua-exercise program on back pain, flexibility. time of exercise and self-efficacy in the women with chronic back pain. The design of this study was a equivalent pre-post test experiment. The subjects consisted of 31 women living in seoul. They underwent tests of back pain. flexibility. time of exercise and self-efficacy as baseline data before aqua-exercise program. The aquatic exercise was based on the Back hab and was consists of 60minutes session, 2 times a week for 5 weeks. Data were analyzed with percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and pearson correlation coefficient using SAS program. The results were as follows. 1. The back pain has significantly decreased after aqua-exercise program. 2. The dorsal flexibility has significantly increased after aqua-exercise program. 3. The time of exercise has significantly increased after aqua-exercise program. 3. The Self-efficacy has significantly increased after aqua-exercise program. The findings showed the aqua-exercise program could be effective in decreasing the back pain and effective in increasing the flexibility, time of exercise and self-efficacy. It can be suggested the aqua-exercise is effective in the health promotion of the women with chronic back pain.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was to investigate nursing students' knowledge, experience and self-efficacy regarding children's pain management. Methods: A descriptive research design was used. The participants in this study were 167 senior nursing students who understood purpose of this study and accepted to participate in. The Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge and Attitude Survey regarding Pain (PNKAS) was used to measure knowledge toward children's pain management. Data were collected from December 15 to December 30, 2012. Results: The overall percentage of correct answer was 56%. The pain assessment scale and non-pharmacological pain intervention which senior nursing students used in most were face pain rating scale (94.6%, n=158/167) and emotional support (93.4%, n=156/167). Significant differences were found in self-efficacy scores between above-average group of knowledge score. Conclusion: This study showed that undergraduate nursing students had a lack of knowledge for children's pain management. There is a need for more detailed educational program in the area of children's pain management.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.215-223
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a progressive lower-extremity exercise program on pain, efficacy of exercise, and the life satisfaction among older women with TKRA. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group non synchronized design and was conducted from 12 September 2012 to 05 February 2014 in G-university hospital located in J-city. The sample was composed of an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=20). The progressive lower extremity exercise program was applied to the experimental group for 13 days. NRS scale was used to measure the pain, self-efficacy of exercise was measured by Exercise Self Efficacy, and life satisfaction was measured by 8 item questionnaire. Results: The experimental group was significantly lower in the degree of pain (F=73.53, p<.001), higher in the degree of self-efficacy of exercise (F=61.42, p<.001) and life satisfaction (F=80.91, p<.001) than the control group. Conclusion: The progressive lower-extremity exercise program for TKRA patients was useful to reduce pain and improve self-efficacy of exercise and life satisfaction, To reduce the pain and th improve the life satisfaction of older women with TKRA, we need to provide the progressive exercise at bedside during the postoperative recovery phase.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among pain, family support, self-efficacy, depression of patients with arthritis. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 96 patients with arthritis. The data was analyzed ANOVA. Duncan test. Pearson Correlation Coefficients using SAS. Result: Pain showed significant differences according to depression(F=8.12, p=0.001), self efficacy(F=11.52, p<.000) and not significant differences family support(F=0.34, p=0.714). There was a significant negative correlation between family support and depression(r=-.48, p<.000), depression and self efficacy(r=-.41, p<.000). Conclusion: Therefore, for the management of arthritis patient it is required continuous self-management and proper program on self-efficacy promotion.