• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2008

Beak trimming in laying hens is a routine practice in which about 1/3-1/2 of the upper and lower beak is removed with the aim of reducing cannibalism. This experiment aimed to identify if this procedure causes pain by examining self-administration of an analgesic (carprofen) and pecking behaviour in 80 laying pullets beak-trimmed by two different methods at one day of age using hot-blade cauterisation or infra-red cauterisation. We also tested a control treatment, pullets with intact beaks, and a positive control treatment of pullets beak trimmed at 10 weeks of age which were expected to experience some pain due to recent severing of the underlying nerves in the beak. At 11 weeks of age birds trimmed at 10 weeks of age pecked more (p<0.001) gently ($0.6{\pm}0.06N$) at a disc attached to a force-displacement transducer than birds trimmed at 1 day of age with an infra-red machine ($0.9{\pm}0.1N$) or a hot blade ($1.1{\pm}0.07N$) and intact birds ($1.2{\pm}0.1N$). Maximum force of pecks recorded was also lower (p<0.001) in birds trimmed at 10 weeks of age than birds trimmed at 1 day of age with an infra-red method or a hot blade and intact birds. However, the pecking force in birds trimmed at 10 weeks of age was not increased by providing them with analgesic-treated feed, though birds that ate more carprofen had a higher maximum force of peck (p = 0.03). Pecking force in birds beak-trimmed at 1 day of age was the same as the pecking force of intact birds, and was unaffected by feeding pullets carprofen. A method of self-administration of an analgesic had previously revealed that chickens in neuromuscular pain arising from lameness consumed more of a feed containing carprofen than healthy chickens. However, we found no evidence that beak-trimmed pullets consumed more carprofen-treated feed than pullets with an intact beak. It should be noted that the three beak trimming methods resulted in an average 34% reduction in beak length, considered a light trim, and is perhaps not representative of commercial birds where greater portions of the beak are removed. We conclude that although carprofen has been reported to have an analgesic effect on neuromuscular pain in chickens, it appears to have no analgesic effect on potential neuropathic pain arising from the nerves severed by a light beak trim.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.266-275
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• 2008

Purpose: This research was intended to evaluate the sedative effect of the music by measuring the anxiety-level, the pain-level, the blood pressure, and the pulse rate in patients who were going through extraction of the mandibular impacted 3rd molar. Materials and methods: Patients were selected among those who visited St. Vincent's Hospital in Suwon for the surgical extraction of 3rd molar from April to May, 2007 and were divided into two groups : the first, experimental group consisting of 32 people was going through extraction with the music and the second, control group also consisting of 32 people was going through extraction without the music. The anxiety-level was measured by filling out Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety questionnaire. The pain-level was measured by VAS (Visual analog Scale). The blood-pressure and the pulse rate were recorded at waiting period, preparation and anesthesia period, 5 minutes after anesthesia, beginning of extraction and every five minutes after extraction to the end of surgery. Results: The anxiety-level was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group during the extraction procedure (p<0.01). The pain-level was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). The mean systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group at the beginnig of extraction and 10 minutes after extraction (p<0.01, p<0.05 each). The mean diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group at 10 minutes after extraction (p<0.01). The mean of pulse rate was significantly lower at the beginning of extraction (p<0.05). Conclusion: The music therapy could offer not only the psychological stability but also the physiological stability during the surgical extraction of impacted 3rd molar.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2018

연구목적 암 환자에게 있어 통증은 삶의 질과 예후에 큰 영향을 주는 중요한 요소로 통증을 줄이기 위한 시도가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 위종양 환자에게 많이 시행되는 내시경 점막하 박리법 후 통증을 줄이기 위한 노력이 계속되고 있는데, 시술 후 통증에 영향을 미치는 생물학적 요인이 많이 알려진 것에 비해 심리적 요인에 대해서는 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 내시경 점막하 박리법을 시술 받은 위종양 환자가 시술 후 겪는 통증에 영향을 미치는 심리적 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 본 연구는 2015년 5월부터 2016년 6월까지 국민건강보험 일산병원에 내원하여 내시경 점막하 박리법을 시술 받은 91명의 위종양 환자를 대상으로 시행되었다. 내시경 점막하 박리법을 시술 받기 전에 사회인구학적 요인과, 불안, 우울, 회복탄력성을 평가하였다. 환자들이 호소하는 통증의 정도가 시각적 유추척도 3점 이상인 군(고통증군)과 3점 미만인 군(저통증군)으로 나누었고, 시술 후 통증에 영향을 주는 요인에 대해 독립표본 T검정 및 카이제곱 검정을 시행 후 유의한 차이를 보인 요인에 대해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 고통증군이 저통증군에 비해 음주량이 낮았고 우울 점수가 높게 나타났다. 또한 고통증군이 저통증군에 비해 회복탄력성 점수가 낮았으며, 회복탄력성의 하위 항목 중 자기조절능력, 긍정성 항목에서 점수가 낮았다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 회복탄력성 중 자기조절능력(OR, 0.911 ; 95% CI, 0.854-0.971, p=0.004)이 낮을수록 내시경 점막하 박리법 시술 후 겪는 통증이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 본 연구 결과 내시경 점막하 박리법을 시술 받는 환자의 회복탄력성 하위 항목인 자기조절능력이 낮을수록 시술 후 더 큰 통증을 호소하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 대상으로 한 심리적 요인 중 개인의 회복 탄력성이 통증에 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.145-160
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a structured nursing intervention program on dysmenorrhea in middle school girls. This study employed two methods of research at the same time: a quasi-experiment pre- and post-test to use for comparison. Subjects were middle school girls assigned to the research program: 40 girls in the second grade, 40 girls in the third grade at K Girls' Middle School and H Girls' Middle School located in J city. The data were collected for 68 days from August 23 to October 30, 1999. The data were collected by observation technique and by a self-administered questionnaire. The instruments used for this study were as follows: the "Face Interval Pain Scale" menstrual pain instrument developed by McGreth(1987) and the "Menstrual Distress Questionnaire" dysmenorrhea instrument developed by Moos(1968). The dysmenorrhea knowledge instrument was developed by the researcher and refered to above. The research procedure was as follows: after preliminary examination, the experimental groups were provided educational programs with O.H.P. films developed by the researcher and with the videotape "first meeting" supported by P&G company and produced by EBS. The groups followed the educational programs twice for two weeks. At the beginning of menstruation, these subjects could choose one among the following choices: * Jacobson's progressively muscle relaxation method and massage treatment * Jacobson's progressively muscle relaxation method and hot bag treatment * Jacobson's progressively muscle relaxation method, a pain killer treatment, and massage treatment * Jacobson's progressively muscle relaxation method, a pain killer treatment, and hot bag treatment The dysmenorrhea of the control group were measured during the same period. The analysis of the collected data was done using an SPSS-PC+, descriptive statistic including real numbers, percentage, averages, standard deviations and t-test, $x^2$ test, and ANCOVA. The results of this study were as follows. (1) The knowledge level of the girls provided with the planned nursing intervention program was higher when compared to these who did not follow the educational programs. (2) The original difference in the dysmenorrhea level having been controled, the dysmenorrhea level made, nevertheless, a statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group(F=63.8, p=.00). Observed pain on quantity measurement of dysmenorrhea showed significant difference depending on the treatment(t=4.6, p=.00). In conclusion, those in the planned nursing intervention program had a higher knowledge level and fewer symptoms than the control group. Accordingly, the nursing intervention program for dysmenorrhea developed by the researcher can be effectively applied in nursing practice and can be the foundation for this kind of program.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.472-476
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• 2001

배경: Nuss에 의한 누두흉의 최소 침습적 수술법은 연골 절제나 흉골절개가 없이 누두흉을 교정하는 새로운 수술법이다. 보고자는 Nuss술식의 조기 경험을 보고하는 바이다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 12월에서 2001년 1월까지 20명의 누두흉 환자에서 Nuss술식을 시행하였다. 수술 대상은 남자 14 명, 여자 6 명으로, 1 세에서 33세까지 평균 10.1$\pm$7.7 세이며 대부분의 환자는(19명) 20세 이하였고, 33세된 성인 여자도 1명이 있었다. 결과: 가슴 함몰의 정도는 CT로 조사하였는데 CT지수는 평균 4.9$\pm$5.7 이었다. 평균 수술시간은 85.8$\pm$23.7 분이었다. 사용된 금속막대의 길이는 8 인치 에서 16인치 가지 평균 11.8$\pm$14.4 인치였다. 술후 조기 합병증은 3례의 환자에서 기흉이 있었고, 1례에서는 장마비, 전례에서 술후 통증조절을 위해 정맥진통제를 사용하였다. 1례의 성인 환자에서 술후 통증 조절을 목적으로 경막외 통증조절을 위한 도관을 삽입하였다. 그러나 전례에서 중대한 합병증은 발생치 않았다. 결론: 보고자가 누두흉 치료에 적용한 Nuss술식의 조기결과는 만족할만 하였지만 널리 이용되기에는 장기적인 관찰이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.440-449
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• 2020

본 연구는 웃음요법이 퇴행성 관절염 노인 환자의 관절 통증, 관절기능 이상, 우울에 주는 효과를 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 단일맹검, 무작위 배정을 통해 S시의 경로당 및 복지관을 이용중인 65세 이상 퇴행성 슬관절염 노인을 대상으로 실험군 26명, 대조군 26명을 선정하였다. 2019년 1월 8일부터 3월 11일까지 주 2회, 회당 60분, 8주, 총 16회의 웃음요법을 적용하고 그 효과를 VAS, 압통역치, WOMAC, 한국형 노인 우울 단축형 척도로 측정하였다. 연구결과 퇴행성 슬관절염 노인의 통증 역치(p=.012)와 통증, 관절경직, 신체기능을 측정하는 관절기능상태(p<.001), 우울(p<.001)은 대조군에 비해 실험 후 개선되어 웃음요법이 효과가 있음이 확인되었다. 웃음요법은 육체적 또는 지적 활동을 통해 웃음을 경험할 수 있는 치료적 개입으로 침습적인 시술이 이루어지지 않고 약간의 훈련으로 간호사들이 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 장점이 있으므로 웃음요법을 지역사회 및 임상 현장에서 퇴행성 슬관절염 노인의 통증을 완화시키고 우울을 개선하는 중재방법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2007

Background: Propofol has been used extensively for short-acting intravenous sedative agent during monitored anesthesia care (MAC). This study was designed to evaluate the safety and availability of MAC using propofol in implant surgery of the one-day admission patients. Methods: In this study, subjects were divided into two groups according to ASA physical status. The heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation and ECG of a patient were estimated under MAC by an anesthesiologist and the vital signs were recorded in recovery room periodically afterwards. The subjective satisfaction with regard to outpatient ambulatory surgery under MAC procedure was evaluated the next day. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased during MAC in ASA I group, but other remarkable changes in vital sign were not observed. There was no significant difference in pain and anxiety level between ASA I and ASA II, III group. Satisfaction rate was high in both groups. Conclusion: Monitored-Anesthesia Care using propofol during implant surgery of the one-day admission patients might be safe and available procedure because heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation are stable before and during surgery, and adequate control of pain and anxiety is supported.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.378-383
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• 2007

As the Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is developed, an interventional procedure becomes the major of the spine surgery in the world. Despite of the use of the expensive medical equipments, the success chance of the nucleoplasty is about 30%. The reason is that the shape of the cannular needle is similar to that of the conventional injector and looks like the straight. Because the tip of these straight needles is not able to reach in the vicinity of the disc bulging or the protrusion, which are the cause of the low back pain and because the far indirect plasma discharge results in the decompression, the nucleoplasty has the limit. Many incurable diseases has not been solved due to the unexistence of the advanced technique for the MIS human body cannula device. If 3-D direction controllable cannular catheter (whose direction is accurately controlled after inserting into the bodies to cure the lesion) is developed, it is expected that new devised cannular catheter can cure many incurable diseases simultaneously. Therefore, the aims of this research are to develop the new devised cannular catheter of SMA direction controller for the medical situation, which has been produced through many previous trial-error procedures, and to produce the commercial medical device.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2012

정형외과 영역에서 상지와 하지의 수술을 위한 부위 마취나 통증 조절을 목적으로 한 신경 차단술에서도 근골격계 초음파의 활용도가 증가하고 있다. 하지에서 슬관절 원위부의 수술을 위해 시행하던 기존의 슬와 신경 차단술, 대퇴 신경 차단술, 근위 복재 신경 차단술, 족관절 차단술 등의 부위 마취를 초음파 유도 하에 시행함으로서 시술의 안전성뿐만 아니라 국소 마취의 성공률을 높일 수 있게 되었고, 또한 사용되는 국소 마취제의 용량도 줄일 수 있게 되었다. 수술 후 통증조절을 목적으로 한 단발적인 국소 마취 희석액 신경 주위 주사나 카테터 삽입을 통한 지속적인 국소 마취 희석액 신경주위 주사도 초음파를 이용하여 정확하게 시행할 수 있어 PCA에서 나타나는 오심, 구토 등의 부작용 없이 통증 조절을 이룰 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 초음파 유도 국소 신경 차단술에 대하여 알아보고자 한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.272-276
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and safety of procedures using ultrasound equipment for acupuncture treatment. Methods: A pilot, prospective randomized, single blinded, crossover clinical study on the accuracy and safety of ultrasound-guided Gyeontonghyeol (BP-LE6) acupuncture treatment was conducted. Patients (n = 13) with shoulder pain were randomly divided into 2 groups. During Visit 1, ultrasound-guided BP-LE6 acupuncture was administered to the experimental group. In the control group, patients received BP-LE6 acupuncture (without checking ultrasound images) by manipulating the ultrasound probe as if administering ultrasound-guided acupuncture. Visit 2 was arranged within 7-14 days and the remaining procedures, other than those administered in Visit 1, were performed. In both the experimental group and control group, the number of needle insertions, and time required for the treatment to result in the patients feeling de-qi was recorded. The numeric rating scale (NRS) score for shoulder pain was recorded before and after the acupuncture treatment. Results: The number of needle insertions was $5.31{\pm}3.50$ times in the experimental group, and $6.62{\pm}3.38$ times in the control group, however, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). The mean time required to perform the procedure was $151.54{\pm}48.59$ seconds in the experimental group and $86.69{\pm}37.17$ seconds in the control group, which was statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). The changes observed in numerical rating scale scores between groups were not statistically significantly different. Conclusion: Although there was no statistically significant difference, administering acupuncture using ultrasound guidance may lead to accurate needling with a reduced number of needle insertion attempts. A large-scale clinical study of better design should be conducted in the future.