• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2019

Background: The fear of needle insertion and pain during anesthesia is a source of patient dissatisfaction in dentistry. Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) remains the most common type of block and is in itself painful. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) has been proven to reduce the pain associated with injection of anesthetics in various blocks. However, the efficacy of CCLAD for IANB in adults remains unknown. Methods: Sixty-four adult patients requiring bilateral IANB were selected and divided into two groups: group A (50 patients receiving IANB via CCLAD) and group B (50 patients receiving IANB using a conventional cartridge syringe). Pain perception and patient comfort were assessed using the visual analog scale and the 5-point semantic scale, respectively. Results: The pain perception was compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the P value was 0.003. The patient comfort was also compared using the same test, and the P value was 0.484. Conclusion: A significant difference was observed in the pain perception of the patients during CCLAD. The patient comfort was grossly equal for both techniques.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 1997

Background : The Current Perception Threshold (CPT) provides an objective, quantitative gauge of sensory nerve integrity which is obtainable from any cutaneous site. CPT measurement can confirm and quantify or rule out dysfunction of nerve through comparison with established normative values ($Neuval^{TM}$ CPT database). The aim of this study is to compare collected data from Korean adults with $Neuval^{TM}$ CPT database. Method : Normative data from 5 standard test site in face, hand, toe were obtained from 50 healthy adults. Three frequencies(5, 250, 2000 Hz) were stimulated with $Neuromoter^{(R)}$ CPT device. Results : The results of our data were statistically significantly different than Neuval data except in face, but within normal range. Sensory Threshold increased as the frequency of the stimulus changed from 5 Hz to 250 Hz to 2000 Hz., and from face to hand to toe. Conclusion : CPT testing is a valuable neurologic testing modality that is noninvasive and highly reliable for diagnosis and evaluation of sensory nerves where neuropathy is suspected.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.345-355
• /
• 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of external vibrating devices and counterstimulation on a child's dental anxiety, apprehension, and pain perception during local anesthetic administration. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-arm, single-blinded interventional, clinical trial. One hundred children aged 4-11 years, requiring pulp therapy or extraction under local anesthesia (LA), were recruited and allocated equally into two groups (1:1) based on the interventions used: Group BD (n = 50) received vibration using a Buzzy^® device {MMJ Labs, Atlanta, GE, USA} as a behavior guidance technique; Group CS (n = 50) received counterstimulation for the same technique. Anxiety levels [Venham's Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale (VCARS), Venham Picture Test (VPT), Pulse oximeter {Gibson, Fingertip Pulse Oximeter}, Beijing, China)] were assessed before, during, and after LA administration, while pain perception [Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)] was evaluated immediately after injection. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test to assess the mean difference between the two groups and the repeated measures ANOVA for testing the mean difference in the pulse rates. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Significant differences in mean pulse rate values were observed in both groups. In contrast, the children in the BD group had higher diminution (P < 0.05), whereas the mean VCARS and VPT scores were conspicuous (P < 0.05). Based on the mean WBFPS and VAS scores, delayed pain perception after LA injection was more prominent in the BD group than in the CS group. Conclusion: External vibration using a Buzzy^® device is comparatively better than counterstimulation in alleviating needle-associated anxiety in children requiring extraction and pulpectomy.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2022

Background: Injections are one of the most fear-provoking stimuli in dentistry. Painless administration of an injection is a vital step in alleviating anxiety, which in turn leads to good behavior in children. The aim is to evaluate and compare anxiety levels and pain perception using conventional, insulin, and deception syringes during the administration of local anesthesia in children. Methods: Forty-five children aged 6-12 were selected using a standard sample size formula and equally divided into three groups. Local anesthesia was administered using a conventional syringe to Group A participants and an insulin syringe for Group B participants. Group C participants were administered local anesthesia using a deception syringe by showing the patient disposable obturation tips, and eventually a conventional syringe was used for administration of local anesthesia after hiding them from the patient. Anxiety levels were assessed using Venham's Picture Scale and pulse rate at baseline and after administration of local anesthesia. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale was used to assess pain perception after the administration of local anesthesia. Results: Insulin and deception syringes showed better reduction in anxiety levels and pain perception than conventional syringes, demonstrating a high statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The use of insulin and deception syringes for administration of anesthesia was demonstrated to be effective in alleviating anxiety in children and is therefore recommended as an alternative to conventional syringes.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2022

This study aimed to assess the combined use of extraoral vibratory stimulation and extraoral cooling in reducing the pain (subjective and objective) of dental local anesthesia administration in children. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Ovid SP databases were searched up to July 2021. Article titles were screened and full-text evaluations of the selected articles were performed. Finally, seven studies (391 children, aged 4 - 12 years) were included in this qualitative and quantitative analysis. The pooled data determined the combined effect of extraoral vibration and extraoral cooling as a single measure. Extraoral vibration or cooling alone were not compared. The measured primary and secondary outcomes were pain perception and subjective and objective pain, respectively. When compared with the control, extraoral vibration and cooling resulted in significant differences in the mean combined data for the variables, pain perception, and pain reaction. Children's subjective pain as measured by pain scores were reduced when extraoral vibration and cooling was used during local anesthesia administration (mean difference -3.52; 95% confidence interval [-5.06 - 1.98]) and objective pain (mean difference -1.46; 95% confidence interval [-2.95 - 0.02] ; mean difference -1.93; 95% confidence interval [-3.72 - 0.14]). Within the confines of this systematic review, there is low-quality evidence to support the use of combined extraoral vibration and cooling for reducing pain (subjective and objective) during intraoral local anesthesia administration in children.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.3-16
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for hospitalized children under the condition of painful procedure. Method: The data were collected from July 15th to Oct 30, 2003 from 68 hospitalized children suffer from acute disease, 68 mothers take care of children, 14 pediatric ward nurses. To evaluate the degree of pain perception of children, mothers & nurses, face pain rating scale and behavior characteristic were used. Result: The result were as follows. 1) The pain perception score of children, mothers & nurses. child perceived highest as the score of 3.60 2) The most frequent behavioral characteristic children were 'crying(47.1%)' mothers were 'soothing the child(54.4%)' and nurses were 'support not to move(52.9%)' 3) The degree of pain perception of children, mothers and nurses according to subjects' general characteristics and painful procedure, there were stastical difference according to children's age, mothers age and duration of painful procedure 4) There were significant correlation between the degree of pain perception and behavioral characteristics of children, mothers & nurses. Conclusion: Nurses should not underestimate children's pain and need to provide knowledge and information to the child and their parents regarding painful procedure.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.725-735
• /
• 2012

This study investigated the demand for functional clothing that compensates for the physical deformation of women due to aging. For this, the degree of perception of physical deformation at the new silver generation was examined. The demand for functional clothing that corrects body shape and posture according to differences in age and degree of perception was analyzed. Study participants(n=138) were women who ranged from 55 to 65 in age. Perception of physical deformation was investigated in the categories of deformation of body posture, cognition of joint pain, and deformation of body shape. Analysis results showed that cognition of joint pain was the largest of the three elements of body deformation, and each element had a high correlation between each other. Perception for degree of body deformation for women in their 50's and 60's was similar. These results show that changes in posture or body shape occur severely from the late 50's, and this appears as joint pain. The group with a high perception of posture deformation showed an especially high demand for functional clothing that corrects body shape and posture. The group with a high perception of body shape deformation had high demand for functional clothing that corrects body shape by lifting the hips and the breasts, and making the abdomen and waist slimmer. The results of this study show that women of the new silver generation are attuned to deformations in body shape and posture as well as joint pain beginning in their mid-fifties. There is a need to develop functional clothing to correct posture and body shape for the new silver generation women.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2023

Backgrounds: Pain management is one of the most important factors affecting the success of pediatric dentistry. Therefore, new needle- and pain-free local anesthesia techniques have been developed in parallel with technological advancements. The purpose of this study is to compare the pain perception and dental anxiety levels associated with a needle-free injection system (Comfort-in^TM) and the classic needle method during treatment-required infiltration anesthesia in children. Methods: This randomized controlled crossover split-mouth clinical study included 94 children who required dental treatment with local anesthesia using a dental needle or needle-free injection system for the bilateral primary molars. The Wong-Baker Scale (WBS) was used to measure pain perception at different times, and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) was used to measure the anxiety level of the child. A statistical software package was used to process the data. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the needle-free injection system and dental needle method during the induction stage for filling and pulpotomy (P > 0.05). "Pain on postoperative 1st day" was similar in both types of anesthesia (P = 0.750). Conclusions: The needle-free injection system was as effective as the dental needle method. The Comfort-in^TM system was an acceptable alternative for patients during the postoperative period. Understanding how pain management may be provided during local anesthesia administration and a child's fear and anxiety regarding the dentist may lead to better dental compliance.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2024

Background: In pediatric dentistry, fear and anxiety are common among children. Local anesthetics (LA) are widely used to control pain and reduce discomfort in children during dental treatment. Topical anesthetics play a vital role in reducing pain and the unpleasant sensation of a needle puncture in children. Peppermint oil has been extensively used for various diseases. However, its anesthetic properties remain unknown. Peppermint oil, used in mouthwashes, toothpastes, and other topical preparations has analgesic, anesthetic, and antiseptic properties. This study aimed to compare and evaluate pain perception following the topical application of peppermint oil versus lignocaine spray before an intraoral injection in children, aged 8-13 years. Method: Fifty-two children, aged between 8-13 years, who required local anesthesia for dental treatment were divided into two groups of 26 each by simple random sampling (Group 1: 0.2% peppermint oil and Group 2: lignocaine spray). In both groups, physiological measurements (e.g., heart rate) were recorded using pulse oximetry before, during, and after the procedure. Objective pain measurement (Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale) during administration and subjective measuremeant (Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS)) after LA administration were recorded. This was followed by the required treatment of the child. Physiological parameters were compared between the two groups using an independent t-test for intergroup assessment and a paired t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA for intragroup comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the pain scores. Results: Intragroup mean heart rates, before, during, and after treatment were statistically significantly different (P < 0.05). However, the intergroup mean pulse rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mean WBFPS score in the lignocaine spray group was 4.133 ± 2.06 was statistically different from that of the peppermint oil group (0.933 ± 1.03; P < 0.001^*). The mean SEM score was significantly lower in the peppermint oil group than that in the lignocaine spray group (P = 0.006). No negative effects were observed in this study. Conclusion: 0.2% peppermint oil was effective in reducing pain perception.

• 대한간호
• /
• 제20권5호통권113호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 1981