• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2008

Resveratrol has been known to possess various potent cardiovascular effects in animal, but there is little information on its functional effect on the secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the perfused model of the adrenal medulla. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of resveratrol on the CA secretion from the isolated perfused model of the normotensive rat adrenal gland, and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Resveratrol (10${\sim}100{\mu}$M) during perfusion into an adrenal vein for 90 min inhibited the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh (5.32 mM), high $K^+$ (a direct membrane-depolarizer, 56 mM), DMPP (a selective neuronal nicotinic $N_n$ receptor agonist, 100${\mu}$M) and McN-A-343 (a selective muscarinic $M_1$ receptor agonist, 100${\mu}$M) in both a time- and dose- dependent fashion. Also, in the presence of resveratrol (30${\mu}$M), the secretory responses of CA evoked by veratridine 8644 (an activator of voltage-dependent$Na^+$ channels, 100${\mu}$M), Bay-K-8644 (a L-type dihydropyridine $Ca^{2+}$ channel activator, 10${\mu}$M), and cyc1opiazonic acid (a cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor, 10${\mu}$M) were significantly reduced. In the simultaneous presence of resveratrol (30${\mu}$M) and L-NAME (an inhibitor of NO synthase, 30${\mu}$M), the CA secretory evoked by ACh, high $K^+$, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and cyc1opiazonic acid were recovered to a considerable extent of the corresponding control secretion compared with the inhibitory effect of resveratrol alone. Interestingly, the amount of nitric oxide (NO) released from the adrenal medulla was greatly increased in comparison to its basal release. Taken together, these experimental results demonstrate that resveratrol can inhibit the CA secretory responses evoked by stimulation of cholinergic nicotinic receptors, as well as by direct membrane-depolarization in the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal gland. It seems that this inhibitory effect of resveratrol is exerted by inhibiting an influx of both ions through $Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ channels into the adrenomedullary cells as well as by blocking the release of $Ca^{2+}$ from the cytoplasmic calcium store, which are mediated at least partly by the increased NO production due to the activation of NO synthase.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2009

The present study was attempted to investigate whether polyphenolic compounds isolated from wine, which is brewed from Rubus coreanum Miquel (PCRC), may affect the release of catecholamines (CA) from the isolated perfused adrenal medulla of the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and to establish its mechanism of action. PCRC $(20\sim180\;{\mu}g/ml)$ perfused into an adrenal vein for 90 min relatively dose-dependently inhibited the CA secretory responses to ACh (5.32 mM), high $K^+$ (56 mM), DMPP $(100\;{\mu}M)$ and McN-A-343 $(100\;{\mu}M)$. PCRC itself did not affect basal CA secretion (data not shown). Also, in the presence of PCRC $(60\;{\mu}g/ml)$, the CA secretory responses to veratridine (a selective $Na^+$ channel activator $(10\;{\mu}M)$, Bay-K-8644 (a L-type dihydropyridine $Ca^{2+}$ channel activator, $10\;{\mu}M$), and cyclopiazonic acid (a cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor, $10\;{\mu}M$) were significantly reduced, respectively. In the simultaneous presence of PCRC $(60\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and L-NAME (an inhibitor of NO synthase, $30\;{\mu}M$), the inhibitory responses of PCRC on the CA secretion evoked by ACh, high $K^+$, DMPP, and Bay-K-8644 were considerably recovered to the extent of the corresponding control secretion compared with that of PCRC-treatment alone. The level of NO released from adrenal medulla after the treatment of PCRC $(60\;{\mu}g/ml)$ was greatly elevated compared with the corresponding basal level. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PCRC inhibits the CA secretion from the isolated perfused adrenal medulla of the SHRs evoked by stimulation of cholinergic receptors as well as by direct membrane-depolarization. It seems that this inhibitory effect of PCRC is mediated by blocking the influx of calcium and sodium into the adrenal medullary chromaffin cells of the SHRs as well as by inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ release from the cytoplasmic calcium store at least partly through the increased NO production due to the activation of NO synthase.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

The Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and probably the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies being used in the treatment of abdominal pain, hepatitis, chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. Recently the biological and pharmacological actions of herb have been studied well such as antibacterial, antidiabetic and antitumor activities. This experiment was conducted to investigate antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of Artemisia capillaris extracts against Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180 cancer cells in in vivo experimental tests. In in vivo experimental tests using 210 ICR mice, based on flow cytometry, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and TNF-${\alpha}+$ splenocytes were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180 inoculated vehicle controls, HP and SP, compared to those of the intact vehicle control on both the $28^{th}$ day and the $42^{nd}$ day, respectively. These decreases of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and TNF-${\alpha}+$ cells induced by tumor inoculations were significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by mACH treatment regardless of the type of experiments and tumor cells inoculated. The results suggest that Artemisia capillaris methanol extracts have prominent antitumor effects on the cancer cell lines Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.145-160
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• 2003

Objective : This study was designed to find out whether placebo auricular acupuncture is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for needle insertion to Korean. Methods : We performed a randomized controlled, single-blind study(n=48) comparing subjective evaluations of needles insertion and avoidance of needles insertion. Both ears were needled concurrently, one real acupuncture(needle insertion) and the other placebo acupuncture(avoidance of needle insertion with blunt tip). Subjects then completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of five sensations in each ear, and also attempted to identity which ear received placebo and which ear received real acupuncture. Results : As for the effects of real and placebo acupuncture on each item(Warmth, Fullness, Pain, Activity, Radiating), real acupuncture was significantly warmer, fuller, more painful than placebo acupuncture. In particular, the real acupuncture only in experienced acupuncture recipients was significantly warmer, fuller, more painful than placebo acupuncture. About the ability to differentiate real and placebo acupuncture, 54.2 percent correctly identified which ear received real acupuncture and which ear received placebo acupuncture. However, the ability to differentiate real and placebo acupuncture for naive and experienced acupuncture recipients was not significantly different. Conclusions : Most of the subjects(Korean) identified which ear received placebo and which ear received real acupuncture. We found that this placebo auricular acupuncture is not able to be applied to Korean, in particular for experienced acupuncture recipients. Further study is needed for new placebo auricular acupuncture or racial difference between American.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2017

Objectives This study aimed to review manual therapies for mononeuropathies of upper limb through domestic and foreign studies designed for human body. Methods We searched databases (KMbase, OASIS, RISS, NDSL, KISS, KoreaMed, MEDLINE/Pubmed, CENTRAL, EMBASE) on the 1st to 31th of July 2017 to find related literatures that published after 2000. Results Twenty-eight studies were finally included. Of these, 13 articles were published after 2010. Twenty-two studies were clinical trials and 6 were observational studies. Carpal tunnel syndrome were the most researched type of diseases (85.7%). Most frequently used method of manual therapies was neurodynamic mobilization (35.7%). Pain scales and questionnaires were generally employed for evaluation. Significantly effective studies were 72.2% in controlled trials and 90% in the studies without control group. Conclusions In this study, we reviewed literatures concerning manual therapies on mononeuropathies of upper limb. Further studies are needed on the various diseases of mononeuropathies of upper limb to retain the evidence for the effectiveness of manual therapies.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.137-159
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the risk factors and the genetic polymorphism of TNF-alpha associated with rheumatoid arthritis by Sasang constitution Methods : This study was planned to detect the susceptibility of the patients diagnosed by rheumatoid arthritis to Sasang Constitution and to examine the risk factor such as life style and environmental stress (smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, alcohol intake and so on). The genetic polymorphism of TNF-alpha (G308A) were analyzed by PCR-RFLP in rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls. Rheumatoid arthritis patients and matched controls are assessed with QSCCII question for Sasang Typology. Then the genetic polymorphism of patients by Sasang constitution are compared to those of control, which are statistically analyzed and adjusted by age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake, BMI, and econocmic status. Results: Differential effect of passive smoking on the association between Sasang constitution and rheumatoid arthritis risk was found. This study showed that the genetic polymorphism (TNF-${\alpha}$(G308A)) of rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls associated with the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis by sasang constitution was analyzed. Differential effects of TNF-${\alpha}$(G308) genetic polymorphism on the association between rheumatoid arthritis risk and Sasang constitution were found. Conclusion : It is suggested that the genetic polymorphism correlated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis by specific sasang constitution used as its susceptibility marker and further as basic data to prevent the risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. But larger studies will be needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2014

Objectives : Jakyakgamcho decoction is a traditional prescription known to be an effective pain control medication and muscle relaxant. For more localized treatment outcomes achieved in a shorter period of time, Jakyakgamcho decoction was reprocessed into a form of pharmacopuncture. An analysis of Jakyakgamcho decoction pharmacopuncture showed that there was a significant loss of paeoniflorin(Jakyak's index component). This study was designed to investigate ways to minimize this loss. Methods : After making changes to the processing methods of Jakyakgamcho decoction pharmacopuncture, we measured the quantity of paeoniflorin using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) for a before-and-after analysis Results : Paeoniflorin loss was observed 15 minutes after sterilization with $Na_2HPO_4$ at $121^{\circ}C$ Conclusions : It was found that paeoniflorin loss did not occur when pH was not controlled for during processing.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2020

Background: Due to the aging population in Korea, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has become an increasingly common condition. Many patients with KOA prefer analgesics, herbal medicines, acupuncture, or exercise, rather than arthroscopic surgery or a knee replacement. Gyebutang (GB) granules are a herbal extract widely used to treat KOA in traditional Korean medicine, but there is insufficient evidence of its efficacy and safety. Methods: A multicenter, randomized, assessor-blinded, 2-armed parallel, controlled clinical trial has been designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of GB combined with acupuncture for the treatment of KOA. There will be 100 patients with KOA enrolled in the study from 3 traditional Korean medicine hospitals. The participants will be randomly allocated to an experimental group (GB and acupuncture) or a control group (celecoxib and acupuncture) in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will receive acupuncture treatment once a week for 6 weeks; one group will receive GB and the other will receive celecoxib for the same duration. Results: The primary outcome will be the change of knee osteoarthritic pain, based on scores on a 100 mm visual analog scale. The secondary outcomes will be scores on a numeric rating scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index, patient global assessment, European quality of life 5-dimension 5-level scale, and adverse events. Conclusion: The results of this study will provide evidence of efficacy and safety of GB as a treatment for patients with KOA.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.97-113
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• 1971

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preoperative anxiety of surgical patients and to observe the effects of an experimental nursing process on the incidence of vomiting, the number of analgesics used and the voiding ability of surgical patients within a 48 hour postoperative period and also the number of postoperative days in the hospital. This study me based on a sample of 51 patients who were scheduled for abdominal surgery. They were assigned alternately to experimental and control groups. Patients assigned to the experimental group were given nursing care by the writer, using an experimental nursing process. This is a process directed toward helping the patient obtain a suitable psychological state for surgery. This process was performed by use of the following steps: 1. The nurse approached the patient with interest and concern, and observed the patient's behavior to determine the presence of anxiety. 2. The nurse explored further to find out what was causing the anxiety and what was needed too relieve it. 3. The nurse listened carefully lo the patient. 4. The nurse gave an opportunity for expression of individuality. 5. The nurse showed friendliness and reassured the patient 6. The nurse gave instruction about deep berating, turing and coughing and gave an explanation of routine preoperative preparation which decreased the unknown and so decreased the patient's anxiety- The findings of this study are as follows: 7. The investigation of preoperative anxiety through observing and interviewing revealed patients were concerned about the following: a. Length of stay in the hospital 69.7% (31 cases) b. Condition unimproved o. worse 48.,8% (30 cases) c. Postoperative pain and discomfort .56.8% (29 cases) 2. The results of the study regarding the four hypothesis were as follows: a. Preoperative psychological care not reduce the number of analysis needed during the 48 hour period following surgery. b. Preoperative psychological care did not reduce the Postoperative incidence of vomiting c. Preoperative psychological care had no influence on voiding ability following surgery. d. Preoperative psychological care significantly reduced the number of postoperative days in tile hospital. The experimental nursing process proved to be successful in decreasing the length of postoperative hospitalization (improving rate of healing). This study has demonstrated further that the relief of anxiety (emotional distress) is part of the nurse's professional role. In order to be sure psychological care is given it is important to make a nursing care plan which .includes a plan for the psychological care needed by the patient. As this care is given it can be charted off by each nurse just as medication and treatments are checked after they are given.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2009

본 임상연구는 상아질지각과민증을 치료하기 위한 여러 가지 방법 중 효과적인 방법의 하나로 알려져 있는 불소(NaF)를 이용하여 불소테이프(SCMC-T-5)를 개발, 제조하고, 이를 이용하여 상아질 지각과민 치료 효과를 기존의 불소바니쉬(Cavity $Shield^{TM}$)와 비교, 평가하였다. 상아질 지각과민증이 있는 건강한 20대 남녀 22명(88개 치아)이 본 임상연구에 참가하였으며, 각각 11명씩 불소테이프를 부착시킨 실험군과 불소바니쉬를 도포한 대조군으로 분류하였다. 불소 제제는 제조사의 지시에 따라 적용되었으며, 불소 제제 도포 전, 도포 3일후, 1주일 후, 4주일 후 대상치아에 압축공기와 얼음막대를 이용하여 자극을 가한 뒤 visual analog scale(VAS)을 이용하여 통증 정도를 표시하도록 하였다. 실험군에서 VAS scores는 초기에 38.636(air), 62.273(ice), 3일 후 30.273(air), 49.545(ice), 1주일 후 28.182(air), 40.000(ice), 4주일 후 26.364(air), 37.727(ice)이었으며, 초기 VAS socres에 비해 모든 VAS scores는 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 대조군에서 VAS scores는 초기에 42.274(air), 65.909(ice), 3일 후 34.091(air), 55.909(ice), 1주일 후 28.636(air), 40.909(ice), 4주일 후 27.727(air), 31.364(ice)이었으며, 3일 후에 시행된 압축공기에 의한 자극검사를 제외한 모든 VAS scores는 초기 VAS socres와 비교했을 때 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 본 임상연구에 사용된 불소테이프와 불소바니쉬는 상아질 지각과민증을 효과적으로 감소시켰고, 두 약제간의 치료효과의 차이는 없었다.