• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.240-250
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the movement of adjacent segments that occurred when posteroanterior joint mobilization was applied to the 3rd lumbar and thereby to provide basic clinical data. Design: Randomized controlled trial design. Methods: While the subjects were receiving posteroanterior joint mobilization of the 3rd lumbar vertebra, LD (lumbar displacement), LID (lumbar intervertebral distance), LIA (lumbar intervertebral angle), and LLA (lumbar lordosis angle) were measured using X-ray, and the data were then analyzed. Changes before and after posteroanterior joint mobilization were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test, and a one-way ANOVA of variance was performed to determine the difference between segmental movements. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between segmental movements. Results: The results revealed that there was a significant change in LD before and after the application of joint mobilization of the 3rd lumbar in all lumbar vertebrae (p<0.000), among which the 2nd lumbar vertebra, an adjacent segment, showed the most significant change. A significant change in LIA angle was observed in all segments (p<0.000), with the most significant change observed between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. There was a significant change in LLA before and after the application of posteroanterior joint mobilization (p<0.000). The correlation analysis showed a high correlation between displacement of the 3rd lumbar vertebra and displacement of all the other lumbar vertebrae. Conclusions: The presence of kinematic movements of the lumbar vertebrae when segmental movements were generated through the application of posteroanterior joint mobilization of the 3rd lumbar vertebra.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2023

Background: The objective of this study is to identify the working conditions and health status of Vietnamese male migrant workers in Republic of Korea, in comparison to the Korean general population. Methods: We conducted our survey through the Migrant People Center, and we received completed questionnaires from 87 male Vietnamese migrant workers. The questionnaire employed was identical to those used in the Korean Working Conditions Survey and the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The collected data from the Vietnamese migrant workers was then compared with the Korean reference population using indirect age-standardization. Results: Vietnamese male workers demonstrated a higher prevalence of health problems including hearing problems (age-standardized prevalence ratio (aSPR) 13.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.07-20.4), skin problems (aSPR 13.49, 95% CI: 8.07-20.4), and low back pain (aSPR 8.40, 95% CI: 6.50-10.69). Elevated exposure to workplace hazards such as chemicals (aSPR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.51-3.51), organic solvents (aSPR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.44-3.28), handling of heavy objects (aSPR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.24-2.21), and high temperatures (aSPR 1.96, 95% CI: 1.46-2.57) was observed among them. Additionally, they faced a higher risk of no personal protective equipment (aSPR 2.53, 95% CI: 1.26-4.52) and a greater prevalence of unmet medical needs (aSPR 7.14, 95% CI: 4.74-10.32). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the elevated workplace hazards, health problems, and unmet medical needs among Vietnamese male workers compared to the Korean reference population. These findings underscores the urgency for enhanced scrutiny over working conditions and protective equipment provision, coupled with efforts to improve healthcare accessibility and worker education.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2023

This review paper delves into the comparative study of epinephrine and phenylephrine as vasoconstrictors in dental anesthesia, exploring their histories, pharmacological properties, and clinical applications. The study involved a comprehensive literature search, focusing on articles that directly compared the two agents in terms of efficacy, safety, and prevalence in dental anesthesia. Epinephrine, with its broad receptor profile, has been a predominant choice, slightly outperforming in the context of prolonging dental anesthesia and providing superior hemostasis, which is crucial for various dental procedures. However, the stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors caused by epinephrine poses risks, especially to patients with cardiovascular conditions. Phenylephrine, a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, emerges as a safer alternative for such patients, avoiding the cardiovascular risks associated with epinephrine. Moreover, its vasoconstrictive effect may not be as deleterious as that of epinephrine, due to its selective action. This review reveals that despite the potential benefits of phenylephrine, epinephrine continues to dominate in clinical settings, due to its historical familiarity, availability, and cost-effectiveness. The lack of commercially available pre-made phenylephrine dental carpules in most countries, except Brazil, and a knowledge gap within dental academia regarding phenylephrine, contribute to its limited use. This review concludes that while both agents are effective, the choice between them should be based on individual patient conditions, availability, and the practitioner's knowledge and familiarity with the agents. The underuse of other vasoconstrictors like levonordefrin and the unavailability of phenylephrine in pre-mixed dental cartridges in many countries highlights the need for further exploration and research in this field. Furthermore, we also delve into the role of levonordefrin and examine the rationale behind the exclusion of phenylephrine from commercially available pre-mixed local anesthetic carpules, suggesting a need for a responsive approach from pharmaceutical manufacturers to the distinct needs of the dental community.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2023

Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has been reported to be very efficacious for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety-related conditions. However, a review of the literature reveals the sparse use of this therapy in the field of pediatric dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate anxiety trends in pediatric dental patients during local anesthesia and extraction with and without EMDR therapy. Methods: Children in the age range of 8-12 years who required dental extractions were assigned randomly into two groups: an EMDR group (group 1) and a routine behavior management therapy group (group 2; receiving more traditional interventions such as tender love and care behavioral modeling, and distraction). Anxiety scores were recorded at four levels using the visual facial anxiety scale (VFAS) preoperatively, after therapy, after the administration of local anesthesia (LA), and after extraction. Results: Reduced anxiety was observed after the delivery of EMDR therapy, after LA administration, and post-extraction in the EMDR group compared to pre-operative anxiety scores of anxiety (P < 0.001; unpaired Student's t and Mann-Whitney U tests). In the control group, mild reductions in anxiety after routine behavior management therapy were observed, accompanied by spikes in anxiety levels after LA and extractions. Conclusion: EMDR therapy was found to be valuable for reducing anxiety among pediatric dental patients during tooth extraction procedures.

• 대한치과의료관리학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2023

Social phobia is a mental disorder that triggers physical reactions, such as cold sweats, headaches, and panic attacks, as a result of anxiety about a particular situation. Individuals with social phobia are thought to be more sensitive to dental anxiety and may have difficulty visiting the dentist as a result. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social phobia and dental fear among college students, who are reported to have a high prevalence of social phobia. A total of 120 survey responses were analyzed. To investigate the variation in dental fear levels based on the level of social phobia, the total social phobia score was divided into two groups: 41 points or more, and 40 points or less. The disparity in dental fear scores was then analyzed using a t-test. The study found that the average score for dental fear was statistically significantly higher in the group with a total social phobia score of 41 points or more compared to the group with a total score of 40 points or less (p<0.05). Furthermore, the group that scored 41 points or higher on the social phobia scale reported experiencing symptoms such as feeling nauseous at the dentist (3.29 points), sweating upon entering the dentist (3.13 points), and feeling afraid when looking at the dentist (3.13 points). The score was high (p<0.05). Therefore, dental patients exhibiting anxiety symptoms require a comfortable treatment environment to alleviate dental fear, and safe, pain-free dental treatment techniques must be employed.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.395-399
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• 2023

The knee arthritis patients are generally performed standing position radiography. However, patients with pain caused by degenerative diseases or injuries in the knee have difficulty maintaining a standing position. Therefore, this study aims to develop a knee joint standing weight bearing projection assist device to solve these problems when patients undergo knee radiography due to various diseases. The design of the knee joint weight-bearing radiography assist device is carried out with 3D design and drawing production to secure basic data, electric support and frame manufacture. A fixed device for maintaining the patient's knee standing weight-bearing projection, an electric digital height device, a digital protractor, and a safety device were designed. The arm support is made of PVC with a cushion to relieve the impact and make it easier to remove debris. The digital electric device can be moved up and down according to the patient's height, and a remote control is attached. The safety device is made to be adjustable in size by attaching metal hooks on both sides of the frame and to shield the scrotum. A digital protractor was attached to the side frame to set the desired knee angle. When a self-made assist device was used to perform a knee joint standing weight bearing projection, it helped maintain arm support and lower extremities position. In addition, the height could be adjusted using an assist device during standing projections, which helped the patient maintain the position.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.278-283
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• 2023

The initial instance of isolated unilateral temporalis muscle hypertrophy (IUTMH) was reported in 1990. Since then, only few cases have been documented. The cause of this condition remains ambiguous; however, it is presumed to be linked to compensatory and stress-induced hypertrophy. We introduce a rare case of the diagnosis and treatment of IUTMH. A 39-year-old woman presented with a steadily enlarging pain-free swelling on the left side of her face, first noticed a month ago. Apart from a hyperthyroidism medication regimen her medical history was unremarkable. She had no history of temporomandibular joint disease, bruxism, surgery, or trauma. However, she complained of having been under substantial stress lately. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed asymmetric temporalis muscle hypertrophy. The treatment plan consisted of administering type A botulinum toxin injections into left temporalis muscle, supplemented by lifestyle changes and relaxation techniques. At a follow-up visit 9 months after the injections, the muscle contour was normalized both in physical and in radiologic examinations. While further supportive evidence is needed, it can be anticipated that cosmetic treatment with botulinum toxin, rather than surgical interventions, will become the standard treatment of IUTMH.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.35.1-35.10
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• 2023

Non-human primate (NHP) research faces challenges due to zoonosis risk and complex veterinary management yet lacks standardized guidelines for animal care. Therefore, we developed an advanced veterinary management protocol for NHP quarantine, anesthesia, and postoperative care. Three female 4 to 5-year-old cynomolgus monkeys were anesthetized and underwent various tests, including body weight, temperature, blood tests, urinalysis, microbiological monitoring, and physical and dental examinations. Ivermectin and medicated baths were administered to eradicate ectoparasites and endoparasites, and testing was repeated 30 days later. Following quarantine, we performed computed tomography and anesthesia maintenance for mastoidectomy. To relieve pain and maintain body weight, we administered tramadol intramuscularly 4 times/day for 3 days and meloxicam subcutaneously twice daily for 14 days. Feed replacements were provided. During the 33-day quarantine period, physical examinations revealed no abnormalities indicative of infectious diseases, and no specific clinical symptoms were observed. Through a preliminary test of anesthesia time, we selected ketamine 4 mg/kg + medetomidine 50 ㎍/kg for short experiments such as computed tomography, and ketamine 8 mg/kg + medetomidine 50 ㎍/kg for intubation. Ten days after mastoidectomy, NHPs consumed 100 kcal/kg and recovered their body weight. This study offers advanced veterinary management guideline for NHP research. Such protocols can lead to more standardized and ethical practices in NHP research, thereby enhancing the quality of studies on NHPs and the translation of findings to human health and disease.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2023

■Objective The aim of this study is to report the effects of Korean medicine treatment on patients complaining of sensory disorder of Lateral medullary syndrome caused by lateral medullary infarction. ■Method The patient received Sogyeonghwalhyeoltang, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, TENS and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture treatment for 18 days. Abnormal sensation was evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and sensory ataxia was evaluated using quantitative sensory evaluation for light touch, pain, and temperature, and then the sensation was evaluated using % compared with sensation felt when normal was 100%. Symptoms were evaluated over a total of 3 weeks on 2/7, 2/14, and 2/21. ■Results After treatment, NRS scores decreased both when the abnormal sensation was stable and when stimulated. The recovery score for sensory ataxia increased, with more pronounced recovery in the trunk area and slower recovery in the peripheral area. ■Conclusion This case shows that combined Oriental medicine treatment helps recover from sensory disorder in Lateral medullary syndrome.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.54-54
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• 2021

The Melanoma Research Coalition reported melanoma affects humans of various races. This study was conducted to confirm the inhibitory effect of melanogenesis in B16 F10 cells of Nypa fruticans Wurmb of ethyl acetate fraction (NEF). Nypa fruticans Wurmb is an important component of the East Asian mangrove vegetation. It belongs to Araceae family. Traditionally, N. fruticans was used to treat various diseases such as asthma, sore throat, liver disease, a pain reliever, and can also be used as sedative and carminative. The present study, the inhibitory effect on melanogenesis was determined by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. The level of expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 is regulated by microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and cAMP, and cAMP affects the activity of protein kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA stimulates the phosphorylation of cAMP-reactive element-binding protein (CREB) in the nucleus, thereby increasing the amount of MITF expression and enhancing melanogenesis. Western blotting and RT-qPCR analysis showed that NEF treatment decreased the expression of tyrosinase. Similarly, TRP-1 and TRP-2 levels were decreased, which were decreased significantly at compared with the untreated control. Also, NEF attenuated the IBMX mediated increase in the intracellular cAMP level and the phosphorylation of PKA. In conclusion, NEF significantly inhibited the expressions of melanogenesis through cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathways.