• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.354-362
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• 2015

Since allowable settlement of concrete slab track is about 30mm, a lot of attention must be paid to the settlement of the earthwork (reinforced trackbed, upper subgrade, under subgrade) under the concrete track. To this end, more experimental data should be accumulated through tests for these materials. In this study, we evaluate the long-term settlement of reinforced trackbed and subgrade materials using factors such as repeated loading conditions, water content, and grain size distributions in a large triaxial test and a large oedometer test. In cases in which the performance of the reinforced trackbed layer meets the design criteria, the settlement caused by train load was considerably small. But, when the water content increases in the subgrade, unexpectedly large settlement might occur for certain grain size distributions of the subgrade materials.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2006

The cost of downloading content from the Internet may be costly for mobile device users using its 3G connection, because the 3G connection cost to download data from the Internet is a function of the amount of data downloaded. This paper introduces an approach in which mobile devices, called peers, form an ad hoc network and share their downloaded content with others. As an example, spectators may want to collect/share information about players and game records in a stadium. In an art gallery, visitors may want to retrieve some background information about the displayed work from the nearby ad hoc network. In an outdoor class, a teacher may download today's topic files from the Internet, and all students may share the content with minimal or no cost paid. This is possible if mobile device has both a 3G interface and a wireless LAN interface. If the peers want to improve privacy md discourage traffic analysis when sharing content, this paper describes a low-delay anonymous connection between the sending peer and the receiving peer using two additional peers. Simulation results show that the transmission time overhead of the anonymous connection may increase 50% or less as the number of peers increase or the peers are scattered over the larger area.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.174-177
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• 1989

The ovipositional preferences of Holotrichia morosa were investigated to defermine several environmental factors related to its incidence in ginseng fields. H. moroia paid no eggs in naked soil without ground color plants, and shouted ovipositional preference among weed plants in the order to Aurmisin prinrcps var oripntnlis, Epigrren canadensis Diuitarin sanguinalis, and Porttulaca oleracea. More oviposition was observed in the denser vegetation of D. sanguinalis and in soft soil. The egg-laying females were seldom attracted to fresh rice straw mulched on soil surface or decayred rite straw mixed into soil. The number of eggs laid by a female decreased considerably when the soil moisture content was below 5% or above 35%.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2018

This research aims to explore the relationships between academic writing ability and 'thinking styles' (capable of representing individual differences and diversity) in engineering freshmen in Korea, and to draw educational implications for the development of instructional strategies. (Academic) Writing is not just about conveying an idea or content, it is also about the representation of writer's self. In this perspective, there has been some research conducted on writing (process) and personality. However, to date, little attention has been paid to writing ability of engineering students and its relationships with thinking styles. This study was conducted with 127 engineering freshmen as well as 67 non-engineering freshmen at H University, and students' writing ability as well as their thinking styles have been measured before and after writing class for 15 weeks. Our findings show that firstly, there was a significant difference of writing ability by majors. Second, there were significant differences in freshmen's thinking styles by majors. Third, there was significant differences of writing ability according to thinking styles. Freshmen's internal, legislative and hierarchical styles scored significantly higher in writing ability than the others. And as for the engineering freshmen, internal, external and global styles scored significantly higher in writing ability than the others. Finally, there was a weak but significant relationship between writing ability and thinking styles(hierarchical & internal). These findings are expected to provide an explanation for the development of instructional strategies of writing (related) courses in engineering school.

• Water for future
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 1977

The analysis performed here is aimed to increase the familiarity of hydrologic process especially for the small basins which are densely gaged. Kyung An and Mu Shim river basins are selected as a represectative basin according to the criteria which UNESCO has establisheed back in 1964 and being operated under the auspice of Ministry of Construction. The data exerted from these basins is utilized for the determination of the characteristics of precipitation and runoff phenomena for the small basin, which is considerred as a typical Korean samll watershed. The methodology developed by Soil Conservation Service, USA for determination of runoff value from precipitation is applied to find the suitability of the method to Korean River Basin. The soil cover complex number or runoff curve number was determined by considering the type of soil, soil cover, land use and other factor such as antecent moisture content. The averag values of CN for Kyung An and Mushim river basins were found to be 63.9 and 63.1 under AMC II, however, the values obtained from soil cover complex was less than those from total precipitation and effective precicpitation by 10-30%. It may be worth to note that an attention has to be paid in the application of SCS method lo Korean river basin by adjusting 10-30% increase to the value obtained from soil cover complex. Finally, the design flood hydrograph was consturcted by employing unit hydrograph technique to the dimensionless mass curve. Also a stepwise multiple regression was performed to find the relationship between runoff and API, evapotranspiration rate, 5 days antecedent precipitation and daily temperature.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.270-279
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• 2005

As remodeling market is growing and peoples' concern on health and well-being is getting high, there is a need to apply environmentally friendly approach to remodeling an interior space. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide basic information on environmentally friendly remodeling process focused on the implementation of interior construction process. The method of this study was two-folds. First, previous researches were reviewed to drive general remodeling process, and then content of implementation of environmentally friendly remodeling process were added. Second, semi-structured interview was conducted to eight experts in interior design who were members of KOSID. The results of this study are as follows; (1) Applying environmentally friendly method to remodeling will be essential. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various types of environmentally friendly finish materials and methods and continuing attention should be paid. (2) For broad implementing an environmentally friendly application on remodeling, builders, interior designers, manufacturers, and clients should change their consciousness through education and publicity, (3) The results showed that using environmentally friendly materials was the most primary concern for the designers. However, there is a lack of information about contamination derived from materials when manufacturing and constructing and even wastes. Thus designers should be aware of using environmentally friendly verified materials regarding materials itself and its manufacturing process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.547-555
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• 2015

The vegetation index is a crucial parameter in many biophysical studies of vegetation, and is also a valuable content in ecological processes researching. The OVIs (Optical Vegetation Index) that of using multispectral and hyperspectral data have been widely investigated in the literature, while the RVI (Radar Vegetation Index) that of considering volume scattering measurement has been paid relatively little attention. Also, there was only some efforts have been put to fuse the OVI with the RVI as an integrated vegetation index. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel FVI (Fusion Vegetation Index) that uses multispectral and full-PolSAR (Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar) data. By fusing a NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of RapidEye and an RVI of C-band Radarsat-2, we demonstrated that the proposed FVI has higher separability in different vegetation types than only with OVI and RVI. Also, the experimental results show that the proposed index not only has information on the vegetation greenness of the NDVI, but also has information on the canopy structure of the RVI. Based on this preliminary result, since the vegetation monitoring is more detailed, it could be possible in various application fields; this synergistic FVI will be further developed in the future.

• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 2014

This research started from the premise that Jacques Perret, "Savoyard gentleman" of the 17th century - whose only legacy consists of Des fortifications et artifices, a book of fortified town designs - is still an elusive figure in the history of architecture and deserves to be further investigated. In particular, attention needs to be paid to the lack of any attempt by scholars to define his actual professional status and cultural background: was he an architect, an engineer, a professional or an amateur? The intention of this paper is therefore to shed some light on this question by examining selected contents of his book describing five projects of fortified towns. Plates and descriptions are carefully analyzed related to the engineering (defensive structures) and architectural (city layouts, buildings) content. The figure that emerges is that of an articulate personality who does not fit either in the architectural or in the military engineering professional world. In the field of engineering, he simultaneously demonstrated the competence of a professional and the na$\ddot{i}$vety of an immature technician, while in the field of architecture he showed an advanced creativity alongside several technical and theoretical misunderstandings. From the analysis in this study, the assumption is formulated that Jacques Perret was a connoisseur, i.e. an erudite without any direct involvement in real professional activity. This work is intended to provide a hypothesis for further researches that, hopefully, will deepen our understanding of several other aspects of Perret's complex identity and work.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 1996

Since REM sleep was found to be closely related with dream, efforts have been made to find the neurophysiological mechanism and the psychological meaning of dream. However, since most researchers have paid attention to dreams of adults, there are relatively few studies devoted to those of developing children. In the prevent study, we reviewed the previous studies and hypotheses about sleep and dream in various aspects and summarized the characteristics of sleep and dream of children in developmental domain as followings. (1) Sleep development : Across childhood, sleep architecture and sleep-wakefulness cycles are progressively changed toward the patterns of adult. They become similar to adult patterns only in their adolescence. Thus, the sleep event sconsidered as abnormal in adults may be normal in children. (2) Dream development : First, the content and meaning of the dream change with increasing age and develop in parallel with children's ego function, especially cognitive developmental stages. Second, for the children, the reality and the dream are on the continuous spectrum of 'reality-imitation-play-fantasy-dream'. Third, dreaming is the pure assimilation process for the children and through dreaming they can adapt and accomodate the reality without emotion.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2007

Due to increasing awareness about the risk which will be caused by fast aging of population, the importance of aging friendly environment including housing has been paid much attention both individually and socially. In this regard, recently, in Korea, diverse elderly living facilities have increased in its number. Because of little experience, however, there have not been enough holistic understanding about aging friendly housing. Accordingly, most previous literature which introduced elderly housing to Korean society have translated differently, thereby caused more confusion. To facilitate communication about aging friendly housing, clear and consistent definition of its type and comprehensive range needs to be delineated. The purpose of this study is to classify various elderly housing alternatives in architecturally understandable way. This study was proceeded by content analysis of existing literature on elderly housing environment. A comprehensive review on the concept and existing classification of elderly housing was done prior to main analysis of translated Korean words. After classifying the Korean words of definition, systematic classification which focused on two important criteria of determining physical characteristics, such as space sharing degree and intentional plannedness was delineated and suggested. This research shows the first step toward the theoretical foundation for elderly housing classification.