• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2012

녹차를 천일염과 혼합하여 발효시킨 후 항균활성을 가지고 있고 셀룰라제가 없는 균종을 첨가하여 발효시킨 실험에서 녹차만을 발효시켰을 경우보다 천일염을 첨가하여 발효시킨 모든 시료에서 카테킨류인 EGC, EC, EGCG, ECG의 추출량이 증가하였고, 발효 일에 따른 분석에서는 EGC(epigallocatechin), ECG(epicatechin gallate), EC(epicatechin), EGCG(epigallocatechin gallate)모두에서 2일째와 3일째 높은 추출량이 검출되었다. 또한 발효균을 첨가하여 발효시켰을 경우 Paenibacillus spp에서는 모든 카테킨류(EGC, EC, EGCG, ECG)의 추출량이 증가하였고, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens에서는 EGC와 EC는 감소하고 EGCG와 ECG는 증가하였으며, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis는 모든 카테킨류(EGC, EC, EGCG, ECG)에서 감소하였다. 위와 같은 실험의 결과에서 녹차에 천일염과 Paenibacillus spp를 함께 3일 동안 발효시킨 결과에서 가장 많은 카테킨류가 추출되었다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2018

As part of a larger study of indigenous prokaryotic species diversity in South Korea, various samples from Namhangang were subjected to analyses. Fresh water, underwater sediment, and moss-inhabiting aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated. 22 of the isolates were identified as unrecorded bacterial species in Korea that had ${\geq}98.7%$ 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with published species. The aerobic strains isolated were Kurthia gibsonii and Massilia plicata. Also identified were four facultative anaerobic strains: Bacillus hisashii, Enterococcus rotai, Paenibacillus vini, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. 16 strictly anaerobic strains were identified as Bacteroides xylanolyticus, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Clostridium argentinense, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium cavendishii, Clostridium diolis, Clostridium frigidicarnis, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, Clostridium sphenoides, Clostridium subterminale, Cutibacterium acnes, Paraclostridium bifermentans, Prevotella paludivivens, and Romboutsia lituseburensis. Based on the examination of morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties of the isolates, descriptive information of these previously unrecorded species is provided here.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2017

DWV, IAPV, KBV, SBV, BQCV, kSBV, SBPV and Paenibacillus larvae, Mellisococcus plutonius, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Klebsiella oxytoca의 뒤영벌 병원체들에 대한 다중 실시간 중합효소 연쇄반응법(PCR)을 개발하였다. 하나의 시료에서 추출된 핵산은 11종 PCR들에 같은 시간 및 조건으로 사용될 수 있으며, 각 병원체 특이 표적 DNA가 PCR 기질로 1000분자가 존재한다면, 해당 특이 PCR 증폭산물들은 정성적, 정량적으로 20분안에 성공적으로 증폭되었다. 우리가 제안하는 이 다중 PCR 검출법이 뒤영벌의 국제교역을 위한 검역검사에 사용되기를 기대한다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2016

To investigate the indigenous prokaryotic species diversity in Korea, various environmental samples from diverse ecosystems were examined taxonomically. The isolated bacterial strains were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and those exhibiting at least 98.7% sequence similarity with known bacterial species but never reported in Korea were selected as unrecorded species. As an outcome of this study, 10 unrecorded bacterial species belonging to the phylum Firmicutes were discovered from various sources such as soil, tidal flat, fresh water, sea water, kimchi and gut of Fulvia mutica. The unrecorded species were assigned to 7 different genera of 5 families, namely Bacillus and Ornithinibacillus of Bacillaceae, Exiguobacterium of Exiguobacteriaceae, Brevibacillus and Paenibacillus of Paenibacillaceae, Staphylococcus of Staphylococcaceae, and Lactococcus of Streptococcaceae. The selected isolates were subjected to further taxonomic characterization including the analysis of Gram reaction, cellular and colonial morphology, biochemical activities, and phylogenetic trees. The descriptive information on the 10 unrecorded species are provided.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.99-116
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• 2021

In 2018, as a subset study to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 18 unreported bacterial strains were discovered. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.8%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade, it was determined that each strain belonged an independent and predefined bacterial species. There were no official report that these 18 species were previously described in Korea; therefore, one strain of Williamsia, one strain of Rhodococcus, three strains of Microbacterium, three strains of Agromyces, one strain of Arthrobacter, one strain of Paeniglutamicibacter, one strain of Pseudarthrobacter, one strain of Nocardioides, one strain of Fibrella, one strain of Hymenobacter, one strain of Deinococcus, two strains of Fictibacillus, and one strain of Paenibacillus are described as unreported bacterial species in Korea. Gram reaction, basic biochemical characteristics, and colony and cell morphologies are described in the species description section.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2005

Paenibacillus elgii SD17 (KCTC $10016BP^T$=NBRC $100335^T$) was recently reported as a new species. Based on its inhibitory activity to Thanatephorus cucumeris AG1-1, strain SD17 was further evaluated for its potential as a biocontrol agent against soil-borne diseases of turf grasses in Korea. P. elgii SD17 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in vitro test and suppressed development of turf grass diseases; Pythium blight caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and brown patch caused by T. cucumeris AG1-1 on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) in the growth chamber tests. Under a condition for massive culture in a 5,000 L fermenter, P. elgii SD17 reached $6.4{\times}10^8$ spores/ml that resulted in approximately $1.0{\times}10^7$ cfu/g when formulated into a granule formulation (GR) using the whole culture broth instead of water. Using the GR formulation, biocontrol activity of P. elgii SD17 was confirmed. In the growth chamber tests, the GR formulation was effective against brown patch and Pythium blight with similar level of disease severity compared to each of the standard fungicides at the application rates of 10 g/$m^2$ or above. In the field tests, compared to each untreated control, the GR formulation also effectively controlled Pythium blight, brown patch and large patch at all the application rates of 5, 10 and 20 g/$m^2$, respectively, without significant response by the application rates. However its performance was inferior to each of the standard chemical fungicides. Based on these results, we consider this GR formulation of P. elgii SD17 as an effective biocontol agent to suppress Pythium blight, brown patch and large patch of turf grasses in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.244-255
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• 2019

Xylose isomerase (XI; E.C. 5.3.1.5) catalyzes the isomerization of xylose to xylulose, which can be used to produce bioethanol through fermentation. Therefore, XI has recently gained attention as a key catalyst in the bioenergy industry. Here, we identified, purified, and characterized a XI (PbXI) from the psychrophilic soil microorganism, Paenibacillus sp. R4. Surprisingly, activity assay results showed that PbXI is not a cold-active enzyme, but displays optimal activity at $60^{\circ}C$. We solved the crystal structure of PbXI at $1.94-{\AA}$ resolution to investigate the origin of its thermostability. The PbXI structure shows a $({\beta}/{\alpha})_8$-barrel fold with tight tetrameric interactions and it has three divalent metal ions (CaI, CaII, and CaIII). Two metal ions (CaI and CaII) located in the active site are known to be involved in the enzymatic reaction. The third metal ion (CaIII), located near the ${\beta}4-{\alpha}6$ loop region, was newly identified and is thought to be important for the stability of PbXI. Compared with previously determined thermostable and mesophilic XI structures, the ${\beta}1-{\alpha}2$ loop structures near the substrate binding pocket of PbXI were remarkably different. Site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested that the flexible ${\beta}1-{\alpha}2$ loop region is essential for PbXI activity. Our findings provide valuable insights that can be applied in protein engineering to generate low-temperature purpose-specific XI enzymes.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2020

As a part of the research project "Survey of freshwater organisms and specimen collection," freshwater samples were collected from the Nakdong River. Among the bacterial isolates, we selected strains that showed higher than 98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with confirmed bacterial species previously unreported in South Korea. The 14 new records to South Korea were phylogenetically diverse and belonged to four phyla, six classes, 11 orders, and 14 genera. At the genus level, these species were found to be affiliated with Reyranella, Ferrovibrio, Brevundimonas, and Aquidulcibacter of the class Alphaproteobacteria; Pseudomonas, Cellvibrio, and Photobacterium of the class Gammaproteobacteria; Paenibacillus and Bacillus of the phylum Firmicutes; Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Pedobacter of the phylum Bacteroidetes; and Actinomadura and Leifsonia of the phylum Actinobacteria. These species were further characterized by examining their Gram reaction, colony and cell morphologies, biochemical properties, and phylogenetic positions. The detailed descriptions of these 14 previously unreported species are provided.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2023

To obtain unrecorded bacterial species in Korea, various soils of coastal areas were collected from the Republic of Korea in 2022. After plating the samples on marine agar and incubating aerobically and anaerobically, approximately 1,700 bacterial strains were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequences. A total of 20 strains showed ≥98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with validly published bacterial species but not reported in Korea, indicating they are unrecorded bacterial species in Korea. The unrecorded bacterial strains belonged to four phyla, six classes, 15 orders, 16 families, and 19 genera which were assigned to Blastomonas and Sphingomonas of the class Alphaproteobacteria; Pseudidiomarina, Kushneria, Salinicola, and Salinisphaera of the class Gammaproteobacteria; Evansella, Virgibacillus, and Paenibacillus of the class Bacilli; Cyclobacterium of the class Cytophagia; Pedobacter of the class Sphingobacteriia; and Demequina, Ornithinimicrobium, Blastococcus, Jatrophihabitans, Kineococcus, Glaciihabitans, Aeromicrobium and Streptomyces of the class Actinomycetes. The details of the 20 unreported species, including Gram reaction, morphology, biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic position are also provided in the description of the strains.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2020

A total of 37 anaerobic bacteria strains within the classes Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Flavobacteriia, Bacilli, Clostridia, and Fusobacteriia were isolated from freshwater and sediment of the Geum River in Korea. The unreported species were related with Rhizobium and Oleomonas of the class Alphaproteobacteria; Acidovorax, Pseudogulbenkiania, and Aromatoleum of the class Betaproteobacteria; Tolumonas, Aeromonas, Cronobacter, Lonsdalea, and Phytobacter of the class Gammaproteobacteria; Bacteroides, Dysgonomonas, Macellibacteroides, and Parabacteroides of the class Bacteroidia; Flavobacterium of the class Flavobacteriia; Bacillus and Paenibacillus of the class Bacilli; Clostridium, Clostridioides, Paraclostridium, Romboutsia, Sporacetigenium, and Terrisporobacter of the class Clostridia; and Cetobacterium and Ilyobacter of the class Fusobacteriia. A total of 37 strains, with >98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with validly published bacterial species, but not reported in Korea, were determined to be unrecorded anaerobic bacterial species in Korea.