• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.1 s.68
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

The unstructured model was tested to describe mycelial growth, exopolysaccharide formation, and substrate consumption in submerged mycelial culture of Paeeiliomyees tenuipes C240. The Logistic equation for mycelial growth, the Luedeking-Piret equation for exopolysaccharide formation, and Luedeking­Piret-like equations for glucose consumptions were successfully incorporated into the model. The value of the key kinetic constants were: maximum specific growth rate ${\mu}m,\;0.7281\;h^{-1};$ growth­associated constant for exopolysaccharide production $(\alpha),\;0.1743g(g\;cells)^{-1}$; non-growth associated constant for exopolysaccharide production $(\beta),\;0.0019g(g\;cells)^{-1}\;;$ maintenance coefficient $(m_s),\;0.0572g\;(g\;cells)^{-1}$. When compared with batch experimental data, the model successfully provided a reasonable description for each parameter during the entire growth phase. The model showed that the production of exopolysaccharide in P. tenuipes C240 was growth-associated. The model tested in the present study can be applied to the design, scale-up, and control of fermentation process for other kinds of basidiomycetes or ascomycetes.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1064-1068
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• 2007

We evaluated the effect of soybean dongchunghacho [SD, cultivated dongchunghacho fungus (Paecilomyces tenuipes) on soybeans] on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in male F344 rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups and fed a casein-based high-fat, low fiber diet without (DMH group) or with 13%(w/w) of soybean (DMH+S group), or SD (DMH+SD group). One week after beginning the diets, rats were treated weekly with DMH (30 mg/kg, s.c.) for 6 weeks; dietary treatments were continued for the entire experiment and endpoints measured at 9 weeks after the first DMH injection. SD supplementation reduced DMH-induced DNA damage in colon cells and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation. Thus, SD may have therapeutic potential for early-stage colon carcinogenesis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2009

Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease that affects extracellular matrix remodeling. Recently, several studies have reported that cathepsin S is involved in obesity. Both mouse and human adipose cells produce this enzyme in the early phase of adipocyte differentiation, where it degrades fibronectin. Cathepsin S gene expression is elevated in the adipose tissue of obese mice as compared to that of lean mice. Paecilomyces tenuipes water extracts (PTW) are shown to have an inhibitory effect on cathepsin S activity. In this study, Z-Val-Val-Arg-MCA was used as a cathepsin S-specific substrate in order to examine inhibitory effect of PTW. Supplementing 3T3-L1 cell media with PTW clearly reduced lipid droplet accumulation and cathepsin S-induced adipogenesis. Furthermore, PTW decreased weight gain, subcutaneous adipose tissue growth, the level of serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol in mice fed a high-fat diet. These data suggest that PTW work against adipose cathepsin S and presumably contribute to anti-obese activities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.271-284
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried powders and water extracts of Paecilomyces tenuipes(P. tenuipes) and Cordyceps militaris(C. militaris) on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative capacity and immune status in rats. Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 195$\pm$21g were grouped into five according to body weight. Ratw were raised for four weeks with diet containing either 4%, 2%(w/w) of dried P. tenuipes powders(TP-4, TP-2) or water extracts from equal amounts of each 4% P. tenuipes and C. militaris powder(TE-4, ME-4). Food intake, weight gain of all groups were not significantly different from those of control group. Lipid metabolism in general was not significantly different among all the groups. However both dried P. tenuipes powder lowered plasma cholesterol level slightly, water extract groups showed tendency of higher plasma HDL-cholesterol and lower liver cholesterol levels than control. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations of all the experimental groups were lower than control group. Red blood cell(RBC) and liver superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were not generally different among all groups. Liver xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities of all groups were tended to be lower than control group. Proliferation of aplenocytes induced by mitogens, concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, were increased in TP-2 group. The TP-4 group showed increased CD8 T cells and MHC class II expression without changes in CD4 T cells, B cells and G/M ratio, suggesting activated cytotoxic T cell activity in vivo. Increase of G/M ratio but not of MHC class II in TP-2 group indicated the possible acute inflammatory reaction by the ingested substances in gastrointestinal tract. ME-4 group showed enhanced cellular immunity without vigorous changes of immune parameters in brief periods. In conclusion, both P. tenuipes and C. militaris stimulated antioxidant capacity and immune status in rats. Among groups, water extract of C. militaris was most effective in both capacities, though dried powder of P. tenuipes at 2% dietary level was more effective in antioxidant activity, as various results by different strains were observed.(Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 271~284, 2001)

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2008

The growth characteristics of Paecilomyces tenuipes according to the passage in the two kind of liquid media were investigated by comparing the mycelium and conidium formation degrees. The potato dextrose broth medium and the silkworm larvae medium containing the silkworm powder were used as the liquid media, and the potato dextrose agar medium and the brown rice medium containing the powder of silkworm pupa were used as the solid media. The conidium formation degree in liquid media differed by the passages but that in solid media was not. This suggested that the passage in liquid media did not affect significantly the conidium formation in solid media. When the brown rice media were inoculated with the concentration of $1{\times}10^{10}$ conidia/ml, $1{\times}10^8$ conidia/ml and $1{\times}10^6$ conidia/ml, respectively, the conidium formation degrees were similar. This indicated that the optimal inoculation concentration of conidium to the brown rice media is $1{\times}10^6$ conidia/ml.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

In the present study, red ginseng extracts were fermented by Paecilomyces tenuipes and the protopanaxdiol-type ginsenosides in the extracts were bio-transformed to F2, Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, Rh2, and CK determined by a high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. It indicates that P. tenuipes is a microorganism to biotransform protopanaxdiol-type ginsenosides to their less glucosidic metabolites. Other biotransformed metabolites during fermentation were also analyzed using a GC-MS and identified as 2-methyl-benzaldehyde, 4-vinyl-2-methylphenol, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid. Antiulcerogenic activity of the fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE) on gastric mucosal damage induced by 0.15 M HCl in ethanol in rats was evaluated. FRGE was shown to have a potent protective effect on gastritis with 60.5% of inhibition rate at the dose of 40 mg/kg when compared to 54.5% of the inhibition rate at the same dose for stillen, the currently used medicine for treating gastritis. Linoleic acid showed a strong inhibition on gastritis with 79.3% of inhibition rate at the dose of 40.0 mg/kg. FRGE exhibited a distinct anticancer activity including growth inhibition of the two human colon cancer cells HT29 and HCT116. HT29 cells were less susceptible to FRGE in comparison with HCT116 cells. Taken together, fungal fermentation of the red ginseng extract induced hydrolysis of some ginsenosides and FRGE exhibited potent antiulcerogenic and anticancer activities. These results refer to use FRGE as a new source for treating human diseases.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

The choice of the culture medium is an important factor for the mass production of mycelia in submerged cultures. The influence of liquid medium on the mycelial dry weight of Paecilomyces tenuipes was investigated in this study. The regression equation is expressed as Y=-1292.94187+17.78612X1+18.92425X2+2.11464X3-0.019375X1X2-0.006276X1X3+0.008177X2X3-0.070169X12-0.292175X22-0.008818X32, where Y represents the value of the mycelial dry weight (g/L), X1 is the particle size of wood sawdust in liquid medium (mesh), X2 is the concentration of the wood sawdust in liquid medium, and X3 is incubation time (h). The medium was optimized using a response surface methodology, and the optimal medium contained 30 g of wood sawdust (140 mesh), 20 g of glucose, and 10 g/L of peptone. Under these conditions, the mycelial dry weight reached 38.1 g/L (actual value). The culture medium containing wood sawdust is simple and easy to use, highly efficient, and eco-friendly, and its effectiveness in large preparations of P. tenuipes mycelia with low material costs has been demonstrated.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the biological activities of P. tenuipes formed on silkworm (Bombyx mori) variety. The mean content of total amino acid in the fruiting bodies of P. tenuipes was $1.03{\mu}mole/g$. The distribution rate of amino acid components decreased in the order of Arginine(12.2%) > Glycine(10.5%) > Proline(9.6) > Tyrosine(8.9%) > Serine > Leucine > Threonine. The most abundant amino acid in the fruiting bodies of the Baegokjam, Chilbojam and Hachojam infected with P. tenuipes was arginine, while Yangwonjam was Glycine. The most abundant fatty acid in P. tenuipes was Oleic acid on a dry weight basis. The unsaturated fatty acids such as Oleic acid, Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid accounted for more than 78% of the total fatty acids.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2015

There is no specific data on Entomogenous fungus (DongChungHaCho) in accordance with the silkworm varieties, despite of very high value industrial use as functional materials at domestic and abroad. In this study, we investigated culture condition and characteristics of Paecilomyces tenuipes in 3 silkworm cultivars and 2 specific silkworm breeds. Infection rate of P. tenuipes for silkworm varieties was the highest Kumokjam, followed by Baegokjam, Daeseongjam, Golden silk, Yeonnokjam in that order. The optimum culture conditions were as follows: dark condition, $22^{\circ}C{\pm}1$, and about $4cm^2$ in planting density per pupa. Also, we have developed annual production technologies of P. tenuipes. First, in order that the moisture content of the infection pupa became 3% or less in the natural condition. Second, the dried pupa must be vacuum-packed and was kept under $4^{\circ}C$. Finally, by restoring the moisture content of the dried pupa and culture in optimal condition, the technique for annual production of the P. tenuipes was achieved. Therefore, we expect that the use of Kumokjam and annual production technique will contribute significantly to farm income.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2000

A similarity coefficient were analyzed by RFLP of fourteen species of entomopathogenic fungi, isolated from inhabiting pupa and adult insect at forest. Each rDNA ITS I and ITS II with primers of ITS 1 and ITS 4 was amplified by PCR. The amplified products were conserved to 500 bp were not demarcated between genus and species. Four Paeciliomyces tenuipes, two Beauveria bassiana and six Cordyceps militaris were treated by seven restriction enzymes and confirmed in species except JB3 by electrophoresis band. However, the band of C. scarabaeicola showed the identity with B. bassiana. The result of this experiment indicated that the teleomorph of C. scarabaeicola was the same as that of B. bassiana. CfoI and HpaII of seven restricted enzymes were easily discriminating in the genus between Paecilomyees and Cordyceps. Especially, CfoI was more effective to classify the genera of Paecilomyees, Cordyceps and Beauveria than other restriction enzymes. The band patterns of RFLP of P. tenuipes, C. militaris, C. scarabaeicola and B. bassiana were also analyzed by UPGMA program of NTSYS-pc and showed 100% significance. Thus, the similarity coefficient tended to be lower between genera by RFLP analysis, but was higher between species.