• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2001

This study was carried out to improve the liquid culture methods of Paecilomyces japonica. The results show that the size of granular mycelium is smaller when the shaking speed is increased. Especially, the granular mycelium is the smallest at the shaking speed of 150rpm under the photoperiod of 12L-12D. Dry weight of mycelium was averagely 1.216 g in the Sikworm larva (SL) medium, and the weight was 2 times heavier than in the Potato dextrose (PD) medium. By adding 6 g of 6 mmbeads in the SL medium, the dry weight is increased to 1.332 g. The optimal addition of silkworm larval powder to the culture medium for gest harvest was 1.360$\pm$0.67 g in dry weight.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.548-561
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• 2020

Paecilomyces japonica is widely cultured to produce mycelium for medicinal and health food use. Illumination is an important factor in the growth and production of mycelium in submerged culture. The effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) combinations on the growth and cordycepin content as bioactive substances of mycelium were investigated. The results showed that the mycelium dry weights were lower under dark condition and red LED treatments. Dark condition, fluorescent light, and ultraviolet-A failed to increase the cordycepin content. Blue light was necessary to increase the cordycepin content, and a red-to-blue ratio of 3:7 induced the highest cordycepin content. The cordycepin contents of mycelium in submerged culture were significantly higher in a 12 h/day illumination time under red and blue (red-to-blue ratio of 3:7) LED treatments, showing an increase of up to 38% compared with those under the fluorescent-light control condition. The results demonstrated the roles of light with different wavelengths on the biosynthesis of cordycepin as bioactive substances. The low-heat release and replacement of traditional fluorescent lights with low-energy-consuming LEDs could increase the contents of bioactive substances. After optimization of the cordycepin production using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design) to its canonical form, the optimum combination was found to be as follows: illumination time = 17.7 h/day, sugar content in the medium = 9.7 g/50 mL, and incubation time = 61.2 h. The model predicted a maximum response of 3779.2 ㎍/mL cordycepin yield.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract from Glycyrrhizae radix (GR) and ethanol extract from Glycyrrhizae radix cultured with Paecilomyces japonica mycelium (GRPM). Antimicrobial activity was measured by paper disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measurement of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. For the results of the paper disc diffusion assay, GRPM showed high antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the MIC of GRPM (100 ppm) was lower than that of GR (200 ppm) against L. monocytogenes. When the morphology of L. monocytogenes treated with GRPM was observed using a FE-SEM, the surface of cells treated with GRPM were damaged, and some parts of the cell wall were destroyed. The inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was significantly increased by GRPM treatment. In conclusion, GRPM is superior to GR in terms of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 1999

1. 누에를 이용한 눈꽃동충하초 재배에서 종균접종은 누에 5령1일째 실시하였으며, 감염율은 72% 되었으며 2. 눈꽃동충하초 대량생산을 위한 인공재배 최적배지는 "현미80g+번데기가루20g" 처리구에서 자실체 길이 11.4cm,무게 51.6g, 짙노랑색으로 아주 양호했으며, 현미 처리구, 번데기+PDA처리구에서도 양호했음. 3.누에동충하초에서 발생된 눈꽃동충하초는 번데기 1마리당 1.2g(번데기포함), 길이 3.0~3.5cm정도 되었으며, 일부는 누에상태에서도 동충하초가 발생하였음. 4. $\beta$-glucan함량은 누에 5령 1일 접종 처리구가 40.5%로 가장 높고 저비용 배지인 현미 16.4%, 번데기 20.7%, 현미+번데기가루 23.1%, 소나무 톱밥+밀기울 28.7%로 $\beta$-glucan 함량이 높았다. 5. 지네, 굼벵이, 누에가루처리구에서는 균사생육이 부진하였고 분생포자만 발생하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2000

Optimization of submerged culture conditions for the production of exo-biopolymer from Paecilomyces japonica ws studied. Maltose, yeast extract, and potassium phosphate were the most suitable sources of carbon, nitrogen, and inorganic salt, respectively, for both production of the exo-biopolymer and mycelial growth. The optimal culture conditions in a flask culture were pH 5.0, $25^{\circ}C$, and 150 rpm in a medium containing (as in g/l) 30 maltose, 6 yeast extruct, 2 polypeptone, $0.5{\;}K_3HPO_4,{\;}0.2{\;}KH_2PO_4,{\;}0.2{\;}MnSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O,{\;}0.2{\;}MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. Exo-biopolymer production and mycelial growth in the above suggested medium were significantly increased in a 2.5-1 jar fermentor, where the maximum biopolymer concentration was 8 g/l. The morphological changes of the mycelium in the submerged culture were observed within pH ranges from 4.0 to 9.0; i.e., growth of the filamentous form was optimal at culture pHs of 5.0 and 6.0, whereas pellet was formed at other pHs.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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• pp.138-139
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• 2003

To investigated the effect of liquid culture conditions and nutrient sources on the formation with bioactive substance of Paeilomyces japonica and Cordyceps militaris cultivated in the country, the result are as follow; The growth temperature of two mycelia is 25$^{\circ}C$ and the proper temperature for cordycepin growth is around 20$^{\circ}C$. The formation amount of bioactive substance by nutrient sources reached its peak with using 2% glucose and 1% galactose in case of carbon sources and 0.4% inorganic compound in case of nitrogen sources. Also, the ratio of C/N was optimal with 3% glucose 1% peptone. For a natural medium, most grains were sufficient but the soybean oil was superb. The formation amount of protein-binding polysaccharide that are used for anticancer substance was in proportion to the growth rate of mycelium, had lots of aeration and showed a trend of increasing when the acidity lower. and the content of structural protein showed a trend of increasing when the acidity lower. However, the content of the structural hexosamin did not get a great the effect of culture conditions and nutrient sources. The constitution of monosaccharide that organizes a protein-binding polysaccharide greatly changed in proportion to carbon sources. When Paecilomyces japonica cultured in a silkworm larvae for 30 days, the content of cordycepin was 204.5 mg/100mL as a dry weight in the fruiting body, 41.8 mg/100mL in mycelium and larva, and the content for each bottle was average 29.5 mg/100mL. In case of Cordyceps militaris for 45days, the fruiting body was 563.5 mg/100mL, the larva and the mycelium was 86.1 mg/100mL, and the content for each bottle was average 65.0 mg/100mL.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.386-389
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• 2001

본 연구는 P. japonira의 액체배양을 통해 HPLC를 이용하여 유용물질인 cordycepin의 농도를 분석하였다. 배지성분중 무기질소원, 아미노산, 무기염류 및 금속이온의 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 균사체의 경우에서는 cordycepin의 농도가 매우 낮음을 알 수 있었고, 배양여액의 경우에서는 $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$. histidine. $CaCO_3$ 등을 첨가했을 때 control에 비해 높은 농도의 cordycepin의 생성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2000

The aqueous extract from the cultural mycelium of Paecilomyces japonica showed cytotoxicity against several tumor cells including Jurkat, U937, HL-60, HepG2, BW5147.G.1.4, and NIH3T3. When the aqueous extract was fractionated by sequential organic solvent extractions using n-hexane and ethyl acetate, the ethyl acetate fraction appeared to contain the most cytotoxic activity, and the $IC_{50}$ values for various tumor cells were in the range from 1.5 to $10.0{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. To elucidate the cellular mechanism underlying the induced cytotoxicity, the apoptotic DNA fragmentation along with the cell cycle proression was examined in Jurkat T cells following the ethyl acetate fraction treatment. In the presence of $2.5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ of the ethyl acetate fraction, apoptotic DNA fragmentation of the cells was detected within 1 h and increased upto 24 h in a time-dependent manner. Under the same conditions, a sub-G1 peak was detectable by flow cytometry. These results indicate that the cytotoxic effect of P. japonica on tumor cells is attributable to the induced apoptosis.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2002

동충하초(눈꽃 동충하초, 번데기 동충하초), 쑥 및 솔잎 추출물의 항균작용을 조사하기 위하여 동충하초의 자실체와 균사체, 쑥 및 솔잎을 물과 70% 에탄올로 추출하였다. 항균실험에는 3종류의 그람양성균(Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus)과 3종류의 그람음성(Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhimurium) 식중독 및 병원성 세균을 사용하였다. 동충하초의 추출수율은 물과 에탄올 모두 자실체의 수율(39∼58%)이 균사체(9∼24%)에 비하여 2.4∼4.4배 높았으며, 쑥과 솔잎 추출물의 수율은 9%미만이었다. 눈꽃 동충하초의 에탄올추출물(JME)은 1%농도에서 L. monowtogenes에 대하여 항균활성을 나타내었으며 번데기 동충하초의 에탄올추출물(MFE)은 3%농도에서 S. aureus에 대하여 항균활성을 나타내었다. 쑥의 에탄올추출물(MGE)은 1% 농도에서 L. monocygenes와 S. aureus에 대하여 항균활성을 나타내었으나 눈꽃 동충하초, 번데기 동충하초 및 쑥의 물추출물은 시험균주에 대하여 항균활성을 나타내지 않았다. 솔잎 물추출물은 E. coli를 제외한 모든 균주에 대하여, 솔잎 에탄올추출물은 실험에 사용한 모든 균주에 대하여 항균활성을 나타내어 솔잎추출물들은 가장 폭넓은 항균스펙트럼을 나타내었다. 액체배지내에서 솔잎추출물의 세균증식 억제작용은 에탄올추출물이 물추출물에 비하여 큰 편이었다.