• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

Dysfunction of endothelial cells is considered a major cause of vascular complications in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Padina arborescens extract against high glucose-induced oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). High-concentration of glucose (30 mM) treatment induced cytotoxicity whereas Padina arborescens extract protected the cells from high glucose-induced damage and significantly restored cell viability. In addition, lipid peroxidation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels induced by high glucose treatment were effectively inhibited by treatment of Padina arborescens extract in a dose-dependent manner. High glucose treatment also induced the overexpressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) and NF-${\kappa}B$ proteins in HUVECs, but Padina arborescens extract treatment reduced the over-expressions of these proteins. These findings indicate the potential benefits of Padina arborescens extract as a valuable source in reducing the oxidative damage induced by high glucose.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2012

This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect of the Padina arborescens extract in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Freeze-dried Padina arborescens were extracted with 80% methanol and concentrated for use in this study. The hypoglycemic effect was determined by inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase as well as the alleviation of postprandial blood glucose level. Padina arborescens extracts showed higher inhibitory activities than acarbose, a positive control against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase. The $IC_{50}$ values of Padina arborescens extracts against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase were 0.26 and 0.23 mg/mL, respectively, which evidenced as more effective than observed with acarbose. The increase of postprandial blood glucose levels were significantly suppressed in the Padina arborescens extract administered group than the control group in the streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, the area under the curve (AUC) was significantly lowered via Padina arborescens extract administration in diabetic mice (p 0.05). These results indicated that the Padina arborescens extract might be used as an inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase and delay absorption of dietary carbohydrates.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Padina arborescens and 1-O-myristoyl-2-O-oleoyl-3-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-glycerol(MOGG), its active component, on the prevention of hair loss. The P. arborescens extract and MOGG inhibited the activity of 5α-reductase, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone(DHT), a main cause of androgenetic alopecia. When immortalized rat vibrissa dermal papilla cells were treated with MOGG, the proliferation of dermal papilla cells significantly increased. In addition, we found that the P. arborescens extract and MOGG could open the K_ATP channel, which may contribute to increase hair growth. Furthermore, MOGG promoted PGE₂ production in HaCaT cells. The results suggest that MOGG from the P. arborescens extract has the potential to treat alopecia via 5α-reductase inhibition, the proliferation of dermal papilla, the opening of the K_ATP channel and/or increase of PGE₂ production.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.494-500
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether Padina arborescens extract (PAE) protects INS-1 pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis. MATERIALS/METHODS: Assays, including cell viability, lipid peroxidation, generation of intracellular ROS, NO production, antioxidant enzyme activity and insulin secretion, were conducted. The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins in INS-1 cells were evaluated by western blot analysis, and apoptosis/necrosis induced by high glucose was determined by analysis of FITC-Annexin V/PI staining. RESULTS: Treatment with high concentrations of glucose induced INS-1 cell death, but PAE at concentrations of 25, 50 or $100{\mu}g/ml$ significantly increased cell viability. The treatment with PAE dose dependently reduced the lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes reduced by 30 mM glucose, while intracellular ROS levels increased under conditions of 30 mM glucose. PAE treatment improved the secretory responsiveness following stimulation with glucose. The results also demonstrated that glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis is associated with modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. When INS-1 cells were stained with Annexin V/PI, we found that PAE reduced apoptosis by glucotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the present study indicates that PAE protects against high glucose-induced apoptosis in pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells by reducing oxidative stress.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1431-1438
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• 2008

The marine algae, Padina arborescens, have been used traditionally for treatment of various brain diseases. However, the molecular studies on the effect of Padina arborescens have not been carried out. In the present study, the protective effect of the water extract of Padina arborescens (PAWE) was researched in $H_2O_2$-treated human vascular endothelial cells, ECV304. ECV304 cells were pre-incubated with PAWE (0, 400, 800, 1,200 and $1,600{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) for 12 h and treated with 500 uM $H_2O_2$ for 12 h, and then the protective effects of PAWE were determined. PAWE recovered the $H_2O_2$-induced cell damage and decreased ROS production in ECV304 cells. Moreover, PAWE increased ERK expression and inhibited p38 and JNK expression. Furthermore, PAWE dosedependently increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the HO-1 expression was reduced by ERK inhibitor treatment in $H_2O_2$-treated EVC304 cells. These results suggested that protective effect of PAWE on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in ECV304 cells might be associated with the production of HO-1 through the ERK signal pathway.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2012

Obesity, which is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissues, occurs by fat absorption by lipase and sequential fat accumulation in adipocyte through adipocyte differentiation. Thus, inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and adipocyte differentiation would be crucial for the prevention and progression of obesity. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate anti-adipogenic activity of several algae extracts employing preadipocytes cell line, 3T3-L1 as an in vitro assay system. The effects on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro were also evaluated. Total methanolic extracts of Cladophora wrightiana and Costaria costata showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation as assessed by measuring fat accumulation using Oil Red O staining. Related to pancreatic lipase, C. wrightiana and Padina arborescens showed significant inhibition. Further fractionation of C. wrightiana, which showed the most potent activity, suggested that $CHCl_3$ and n-BuOH fraction are responsible for adipocyte differentiation inhibition, whereas n-BuOH and $H_2O$ fraction for pancreatic lipase inhibition. Our study also demonstrated that n-BuOH fraction was effective both in early and middle stage of differentiation whereas $CHCl_3$ fraction was effective only in early stage of differentiation. Taken together, algae might be new candidates in the development of obesity treatment.