• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.732-741
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of non-nutritive sucking on physiological and behavioral state of pre-term infants during tube feeding. Method: This nonequivalent, non-synchronized experimental study included 50 pre-term infants. An attempt was made to match gestational age and birth weight of infants in each group. Infants in the experimental group were given a pacifier 2 minutes before, during, and for 2 minutes after tube feeding. Infants in the control group did not get a pacifier. Both groups were tested at three stages for changes in the physiologic state and behavioral state - 2 minutes before, during, and 2 minutes after feeding. Date was analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 using an $X^2$-test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Result: Heart rates and oxygen saturation levels of the two groups were significantly different(P=.001, P=.000). The behavioral states of the two groups were significantly different during and post feeding(P=.000, P=.000). Conclusion: This result suggests non-nutritive sucking by using a pacifier is an effective intervention for pre-term infants during tube feeding.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-nutritive sucking in preschool children in Daejeon. This study assessed the relationship between contributing factors influencing the prevalence of non-nutritive sucking. Also, the effects of non-nutritive sucking on the primary dentition were investigated. The study included 841 children 18~65 months of age that visited a pediatric private dental clinic for oral examination. Both children and their guardians were surveyed. It was found that 32.8% of children exhibited non-nutritive sucking, and 37.7% of females displayed this behavior. The number of females showing this behavior was significantly greater than that of males. The prevalence decreased significantly with the breast-feeding period, and there was no association with either birth rank or maternal occupation. Finger sucking (62.6%) was more prevalent and of longer duration than pacifier sucking (37.4%). Malocclusion of the primary dentition was associated with the duration of this behavior.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2019

Purpose: This study compared the pain-relieving effects of human milk, sucrose, and distilled water during examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: Forty-five preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive a pacifier dipped in one of three solutions: human milk (n=14), 24% sucrose (n=15), or distilled water (n=16), 2 minutes before an eye examination. Their pain score, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation were measured at three time points: 5 minutes before the examination, 30 seconds after speculum introduction, and 2 minutes after the examination. Results: The infants' mean gestational age and weight at birth were $33.1{\pm}2.1$ weeks and $1,842{\pm}470g$, respectively. There were no between-group differences in pain relief during the eye examination. The pain score significantly increased both during (p<.001) and after the examinations (p=.003). Oxygen saturation decreased during the examinations (p<.001); however, the infants in the 24% sucrose group showed higher oxygen saturation (p=.047) during the examinations than the infants in the other groups. Conclusion: Sucking on a pacifier dipped in human milk or 24% sucrose did not reduce the pain associated with eye examinations in preterm infants. Pacifiers dipped in sucrose can be used to maintain better oxygen saturation during these examinations.