• 제목/요약/키워드: Pacific cod,

검색결과 52건 처리시간 0.02초

미토콘드리아 유전자 염기서열 분석에 의한 대구 계군 분석 (The Pulation Structure of the Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius) Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequences)

  • 서영일;김주일;오택윤;이선길;박종화;김희용;조은섭
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.336-344
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 2008년에서 2009년 동안 속초, 월성, 거제도, 여수, 거문도, 서남해역에서 채집된 대구어미를 대상으로 유전적 집단구조를 조사했다. 시험에 사용된 28 마리 중에서 8 종류의 haplotype이 발견되었다. 상호 유전자 비교시 0.2-2.2% 범위에서 유전자 변이율을 볼 수 있었다. Gal haplotype은 월성, 거제도, 여수, 거문도, 서남해역에서 모두 발견된 haplotype으로 우리나라 대구의 가장 대표적인 haplotype인 것으로 추측된다. 그러나 Ga2, Ga3, Ga6, Ga7 haplotype은 속초에서만 나타났다. 또한 유전자 상호관계 분석에서도 속초에서 나타난 haplotype은 독립적인 개체군을 형성하고 있으면 다른 haplotype과의 유연 성립율은 50% 이하로 나타났다. 속초를 제외한 나머지 지역의 지역적 유전거리는 -0.0123 에서 -0.0423 이면 유전적 이동률은 거의 무한대로 보여 동일한 집단을 형성하고 있는 것으로 보였다. 그러나 속초와는 현저한 유전적 거리를 나타내고 있고, 속초의 유전적 다양성이 가장 낮게 나타나서 속초의 대구 개체군은 소형임과 아울러 다른 지역관의 유전적 이동이 거의 차단된 것으로 보인다. 따라서 우리나라에서 어획되는 대구 계군은 속초를 제외하고 활발한 유전적 이동으로 동일한 유전적 집단을 형성하고 있는 것으로 보인다.

태평양 대구 Gadus macrocephalus 채란, 부화 및 자어성장에 미치는 수온의 영향 (Effects of Water Temperature on Egg Development, Hatching and Laval Growth Rearing of the Pacific Cod Gadus macrocephalus)

  • 이정용;이채성;김완기;박상언;민병화
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.260-264
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 대구 Gadus macrocephalus의 종묘생산을 위한 생물학적 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수온(4, 7, 10, 13 및 $16^{\circ}C$)에 따른 난발생, 자어의 성장 및 생존율을 조사하였다. 복부압박법으로 채란 하였으며, 채란양과 어체의 관계는 $F=80,220{\times}TL-3,397,700$ ($R^2=0.7528$)이었다. 수정란은 원형의 침성 점착란이었으며, 그 크기는 $0.90{\sim}1.11\;mm$였다. 습식법에 의한 수정률은 68%였다. 난발생의 각 단계에 이르기까지의 수온(T: $^{\circ}C$)에 따른 발생속도(t: hour)는 수온이 높을수록 빨랐으며, 그 관계식은 다음과 같았다. 4세포기: 1/t=0.0175T+0.0356 ($R^2=0.9579$), 16세포기: 1/t=0.0100T+0.0350 ($R^2=0.9759$), 상실기: 1/t=0.0083T-0.0181 ($R^2=0.9586$), 낭배기: 1/t=0.0035T-0.0058 ($R^2=0.871$), Kupffer씨 포 출현기: 1/t=0.0021T-0.0014 ($R^2=0.871$), 부화자어기: 1/t=0.0006T-0.0006 ($R^2=1$). 또한 대구의 난발생이 개시되는 생물학적 영도는 평균 $-0.4^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 부화가능한 수온의 범위는 $7{\sim}10^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 수정란에서 부화까지 소요되는 시간은 $7^{\circ}C$$10^{\circ}C$에서 각각 288시간(12일)과 192시간(8일)이었으며, 이때 부화율은 각각 65.0% 및 33.4%로 $7^{\circ}C$에서 3배정도 높았다. 부화자어를 40일간 $7^{\circ}C$$10^{\circ}C$에서 사육하였을 때, 성장에는 차이가 없었으나, 생존율은 각각 18.3% 및 5.2%로 $7^{\circ}C$에서 유의하게 높았다. 이상의 결론을 종합해 보면, 대구 종묘생산을 위한 수온은 $7^{\circ}C$가 적합하다고 판단된다.

Identification of sex-specific SNPS in burbot Lota lota using RAD sequencing: conservation and management applications

  • Vu, Ninh V.;Eardley, Daniel L.;Delomas, Thomas A.;Campbell, Matthew R.
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제22권8호
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    • pp.18.1-18.5
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    • 2019
  • The development of sex-specific genetic assays in a species provides both a method for identifying the system of sex determination and a valuable tool to address questions of conservation and management importance. In this study, we focused on the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that differentiate genetic sex in burbot Lota lota. Burbot are the only true freshwater representative of the cod family and a species of conservation and management importance throughout Eurasia and North America. To identify sex-specific SNPs, we utilized restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to interrogate thousands of SNPs in burbot samples of known phenotypic sex. We discovered 170,569 biallelic SNPs, none of which fit the pattern expected under female heterogamety. However, we identified 22 SNPs that fit the pattern expected under male heterogamety (males heterozygous XY, females fixed XX) and, from these, developed two genetic assays that robustly (~ 97% genotyping success) and accurately (> 99% correct) sexed burbot samples. These sex-specific genetic assays will benefit growing conservation aquaculture programs for this species and allow future assessments of sex-specific migration, growth, and mortality.

대구 Gadus macrocephalus 치어의 암모니아 배설에 미치는 수온의 영향 (Effect of Water Temperature on Ammonia Excretion of Juvenile Pacific Cod Gadus macrocephalus)

  • 오승용;박흥식;노충환
    • 한국어류학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.147-153
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    • 2010
  • 대구 치어(평균 36.5 g)의 수온 (9, 11 그리고 $13^{\circ}C$)에 따른 절식 (fasting)과 식후(post-prandial) 총암모니아성 질소 (total ammonia nitrogen, TAN) 배설의 일간 패턴과 배설률을 조사하였다. 실험어는 10일 이상 실험 수온에서 순치한 후 각 실험 수온 조건의 암모니아 배설 측정 시스템으로 옮겨 TAN 배설률을 측정하였다. 절식 TAN 배설은 72시간 절식 후 측정하였고, 식후 TAN 배설은 상품 사료(단백질 함량 40.6%)를 하루에 두 번(08:00, 16:00h), 7일간 공급한 뒤 측정하였다. 실험어 사육수조 유입수와 배출수를 2시간 간격으로 24시간 동안 채수하여 TAN을 분석하였으며, 모든 실험 조건은 3반복으로 실시하였다. 절식 및 식후 TAN 배설 모두 수온 상승에 따라 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 절식 시 시간당 평균 TAN 배설률은 수온 9, 11 그리고 $13^{\circ}C$에서 각각 9.3, 11.0 그리고 $11.9mg\;TAN\;kg\;fish^{-1}\;h^{-1}$이었고, $11^{\circ}C$$13^{\circ}C$$9^{\circ}C$에 비해 유의적으로 높았다 (p<0.05). 식후 시간당 평균 TAN 배설률의 경우 수온 9, 11 그리고 $13^{\circ}C$에서 각각 23.0, 31.6 그리고 $45.4\;mg\;TAN\;kg\;fish^{-1}\;h^{-1}$으로 나타났다. 최대 평균 TAN 배설률은 최초 사료 공급 10시간 후 나타났으며, 수온 9, 11 그리고 $13^{\circ}C$에서 각각 38.0, 52.9 그리고 $77.5\;mg\;TAN\;kg\;fish^{-1}\;h^{-1}$이였다. 수온 9, 11 그리고 $13^{\circ}C$에서 섭취한 질소에 대한 TAN 배설 비율은 각각 43.9, 46.4 그리고 48.4%로 나타나 $11^{\circ}C$$13^{\circ}C$$9^{\circ}C$에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 수온은 대구 치어의 질소 대사에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

삼중자망에 의한 동해 심해 수산자원의 망목별 어획특성 (Fishing investigation with trammel nets by mesh size in the Korean deep-water of the East Sea)

  • 박해훈
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제49권1호
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 2013
  • The investigation for species composition and catch in the Korean deep-water of the East Sea (also known as Sea of Japan) was carried out with trammel nets of 7 mesh sizes (6.1~24.2cm) offshore Donghae (2006) and Yangyang (2007) of Korea. The catches were 1,268kg and composed of 37 species between 200m and 1,200m in depth. The principal species caught were Taknka's snailfish, salmon snailfish, red snow crab, hunchback sculpin, snow crab, spinyhead sculpin, Tanaka's eelpout, Alaska cod and so on. Those were target fish for commercial value except salmon snailfish. The mesh sizes for the largest catch were 10.6cm and 15.2cm in the fishing ground of Donghae and Yangyang, respectively. The habitat of snow crab was shallower than that of red snow crab in both areas. Trammel net enabled to investigate fish in deep-water with small fishing vessel and rather cheap expenses in contrast to bottom trawl that required too much of it. With increasing inner mesh size of trammel net the mean size of some principal species such as Taknka's snailfish, spinyhead sculpin, hunchback sculpin, Pacific cod, snow crab, red snow crab and hybrid between snow crab and red snow crab tended to be large in certain range of mesh size.

신해양질서 10년후 세계어업자원 이용동향 (The Exploitation of World Fishery Resources for 10 Years under the New Regime in the Sea)

  • 이장욱;허영희
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.43-87
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    • 1992
  • In this paper, state of exploitation of world fishery resources after 10 years under the new regime in the sea, called the era of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) expending up to a 200 nautical miles from coastal line, was reviewed to determine effect from establishing EEZ in the world fishery production and its export/import volume based on the fishery statistics annually published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nation. The world total production from marine living resources had a trend showing a waned increase during 1970's when most of coastal states were translated into the reality of EEZ. From mid-1980's onwards, it increased rapidly, reaching about 85 million tons . Such increase in production was basically from the Pacific Ocean, accounting for more than 60% of the world total production. Fishing areas where showed increase in the production after the new regime in the sea were the southwestern Atlantic (FAO area 41) , the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) and the whole fishing areas in the Pacific except the eastern central Pacific (FAO area 77). Increase in the production from distant-water fishing countries came from the regions of the southwest Atlantic (FAO area 41) and the southwest Pacific (FAO area 81) . The production from coastal states was up from the regions of the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) , the northwest and northeast Pacific (FAO areas 61 and 67) and the southeast Pacific (FAO area 87) . It was likely that the exploitation of the fishable stocks was well monitored in the areas of the northwest Atlantic (FAO area 21) , the eastern central Atlantic (FAO area 34) and the northeast Pacific (FAO area 67) through appropriate management measures such as annual harvest level, establishment of total allowable catch etc. The marine fisheries resources that have made contribution to the world production, despite expansion of 200 EEZ by coastal states, were sardinellas, Atlantic cod, blue whiting and squids in the Atlantic Ocean : tunas which mainly include skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna, croakers and pony fishes in the Indian Ocean : and sardine, Chilean pilchard, Alaska pollock, tunas (skipjack and yellowfin tuna) , blue grenadier and blue whiting including anchoveta in the Pacific Ocean. It was identified that both fishery production and its export since introduction of the new regime in the sea were dominated by such coastal states as USA, Canada, Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, South Africa and Newzealand. But difficulties have been experienced in the European countries including Norway, Spain, Japan and Rep. of Korea. Therefore, majority of coastal states are unlikely to have yet undertaken proper utilization as well as rational management of marine living resources in their jurisdiction during the last two decades. The main target species groups which led the world fishery production to go up were Alaska pollock, cods, tunas, sardinellas, chub and jack mackerel and anchoveta. These stocks are largely expected to continue to contribute to the production. The fisheries resources which are unexploited, underexploited and/or lightly exploited at present and which will be contributed to the world production in future are identified with cephalopods, Pacific jack mackerel and Atlantic mackerel, silver hake including anchovies. These resources mainly distribute in the Pacific regions, especially FAO statistical fishing areas 67, 77 and 87. It was likely to premature to conclude that the new regime in the sea was only in favour of coastal states in fishey production.

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A report on the mass summer mortalities of the farmed Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas and Bay scallops Argopecten irradians in the local waters of Goseong Bay, Korea

  • Han, Jong Cheol;Jo, Qtae;Park, Young Cheol;Park, Tae Gyu;Lee, Deok Chan;Cho, Kee-Chae
    • 한국패류학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.239-244
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    • 2013
  • Mass mortalities of farmed shellfish, mostly in summer season, thus named mass summer mortalities, have been a global issue in shellfish aquaculture. The 2013 mass summer mortalities in the confined waters of Goseong Bay, Goseong, Korea were quite a unique and intensive for two farmed species, the Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, and bay scallops, Argopecten irradians. The mortalities were progressive from the bottom of the suspended oysters and caged scallops in the waters, reaching up to 80% for the oyster and 95% for the scallop in about 20 days after the first occurrence, early August, 2013. We monitored a wide range of environmental factors, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, turbidity, acidity (pH), organic and inorganic matters, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspected pathogenic agent, and phytoplankton composition throughout the water column where the two species were suspended or caged. Our survey concluded that the hypoxia or anoxia might be a major cause of the mortalities. Here, we detailed the mortalities and ways to arrive at the conclusion.

서식지에 따른 다소비 어류의 총수은 오염 및 위해 평가 (Mercury Contamination and Risk Evaluation in Commonly Consumed Fishes as Affected by Habitat)

  • 조미라;김기현;조문래;권지영;손광태;이희정;김지회;이태식;강상인;김진수
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제48권5호
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    • pp.621-630
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    • 2015
  • This study investigated the concentration of total mercury in 17 species of commonly consumed fishes and assessed the risk to human health from provisional tolerable weekly intakes PTWI% as affected by migratory characterization, such as migration and vagility. The measured mean concentrations of total mercury in these 17 species of commonly consumed fishes suggest that mean concentrations of total mercury in 10 species of migratory fishes (largehead hairtail, chub mackerel, Pacific saury, skipjack tuna, Pacific cod, anchovy, Alaska pollack, brown croaker, Japanese Spanish mackerel, yellow croaker and Pacific herring) were low compared to those in 7 species of demersal fishes (red stingray, brown sole, bastard halibut, conger eel, blackmouth angler, rockfish and filefish). Based on the mean concentrations, the PTWI% of total mercury among commonly consumed migratory fishes was 3.393%, which was higher than that of commonly consumed demersal fishes (2.710%).

서식지에 따른 다소비 어류의 납과 카드뮴의 오염 및 위해 평가 (Contamination and Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Commonly Consumed Fishes as Affected by Habitat)

  • 김기현;김용중;허민수;김진수
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제49권5호
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    • pp.541-555
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    • 2016
  • This study determined the concentrations of lead and cadmium in 18 species of commonly consumed fish and assessed the risk based on provisional tolerable weekly (monthly) intakes [PTW(M)I] % as affected by behavioral characteristics, such as migration and settlement. In the 18 species, the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium were higher in the 11 species of migratory fish (llargehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus, chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, Pacific saury Cololabis saira, skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, anchovy Engraulis japonicus, Alaska pollack Theragra chalcogramm, brown croaker Miichthys miiuy, Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis, and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii) than in the seven demersal species (red stingray Dasyatis akajei, brown sole Pleuronectes herzensteini, bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus, conger eel Conger myriaster, blackmouth angler Lophiomus setigerus, rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, and filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer). Based on the mean concentrations, the PTWI % of lead and cadmium in commonly consumed migratory fish were 1.900 and 2.986%, respectively, which were higher than the values for lead and cadmium in the commonly consumed demersal fishes (0.257 and 0.318%, respectively). The estimation of weekly (monthly) intakes and target hazard quotients for the toxic elements lead and cadmium revealed that the commonly consumed migratory and demersal fish do not pose any health risks for consumers.

삼척 연안 청어자망의 그물 재질에 따른 어획과 군집 분석 (Catch and cluster analysis according to net materials of gillnet for the Pacific herring in the coastal waters of Samcheok, Korea)

  • 안희춘;배재현;박종명;홍성익;김성훈;박해훈
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제51권3호
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    • pp.348-354
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    • 2015
  • Experiments for catch and cluster analysis on the catch by gillnet for the Pacific herring were conducted using traditional nylon net (PA) and developing biodegradable net (PBS) with different monofilaments of #2 (=0.23 mm) and #3 (=0.28 mm) in diameter between 2011 and 2012, and of #2, #2.5 and #3 in 2013 in the eastern coastal waters of Samcheok, Korea. The total catch during the experiments was 3,337kg in weight and 16,757 individuals in number. Though the catch ratio of the Pacific herring in 2011 and 2012 was 97.4% and 98.7%, respectively, that of the Pacific herring in 2013 was 73.6% as the biggest and followed by goldeye rockfish (8.6%), black edged sculpin (8.4%), atka mackerel (7.2%) and Alaska cod (1.0%). The ANOVA analysis on the total catch in relation to net material showed that there was not statistically significant difference at the 5% level between nylon net (PA) and biodegradable net (PBS) (p=0.91). With the cluster analysis on the catch in relation to net material (PA, PBS) and twine thick (#2, #3), it showed the influence of net material on the catch was greater than that of twine diameter in this experiment. From the test of homogeneity on the catch by the gillnet with PA and PBS in which several species were caught in 2013, there was not statistically significant homogeneity in relation to net material (p<0.005). That meant the traditional gillnet of nylon (PA) was more efficient than the biodegradable (PBS) gillnet to catch several kinds of fish, however the PBS gillnet was better than the PA gillnet to catch the target Pacific herring.