• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2014

In this study, the optimum design process of an indoor package air-conditioner (PAC) was implemented by Taguchi method. The goal of this study is to obtain the best set condition of each control factor composing of an indoor PAC. The number of revolution of a double inlet sirocco fan installed in an indoor PAC was measured by the orthogonal array of $L_{18}(2^3{\times}3^4)$ and analysed by using the-smaller- the-better characteristic among the static characteristic analyses. As a result, the optimum condition of an indoor PAC was found as a set of when the cost of production, assembling and working conditions were considered. Moreover, the number of revolution of a double-inlet sirocco fan used for an optimum condition was reduced about 8.5% more than that of a standard condition for the target flowrate of $18.5m^3/min$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.387-390
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• 2006

Cationic rosin sizes are prepared by premixing extremely pure ployaluminum chloride (PAC) and dispersed rosin size (DRS). It turned out that zeta potential and particle size of the sizing agents took a big change by Plus90 analyzer's and FTIR analyzer's analysis. It turned out that -C=O and -COOH of the DRS have both chemical reaction with PAC to form the muti-hydroxyl aluminum rosin acid and that the cationic rosin sizes modified by PAC has dissymmetric and symmetric flexible vibration two absorbing peaks of the groups (its absorbing peaks $at1596cm^{-1}\;and\;1425cm^{-1}$). By DRS reacting with PAC, zeta potential of the resin size varied from negative to cationic. $Al_{2}O_{3}/rosin=1:0.3$, zeta potential of premixed admixture is tiptop28.8mv, When joined continuously PAC, zeta potential of cationic rosin sizes descend on the contrary.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.289-302
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• 2023

Purpose: Liver metastasis (LM) is reported in approximately 40% of patients with advanced/metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma; mGEA) and is associated with a worse prognosis. This post-hoc analysis from the RAINBOW trial reported the efficacy, safety, and biomarker outcomes of ramucirumab and paclitaxel combination treatment (RAM+PAC) in patients with (LM+) and without (LM-) LM at baseline. Materials and Methods: Patients (n=665) were randomly assigned on a 1:1 basis to receive either RAM+PAC (LM+: 150, LM-: 180) or placebo and paclitaxel (PL+PAC) (LM+: 138, LM-: 197). The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using stratified Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. The correlation of dichotomized biomarkers (VEGF-C, D; VEGFR-1,2) with efficacy in the LM+ versus LM- subgroups was analyzed using the Cox regression model with reported interaction P-values. Results: The presence of LM was associated with earlier progression than those without LM, particularly in patients receiving PL+PAC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.68). RAM+PAC treatment improved OS and PFS irrespective of LM status but showed greater improvement in LM+ than that in LM- (OS HR, 0.71 [LM+] vs. 0.88 [LM-]; PFS HR, 0.47 [LM+] vs. 0.76 [LM-]). Treatment-emergent adverse events were similar between patients with and without LM. No predictive relationship was observed between biomarker levels (VEGF-C, D; VEGFR-1,2) and efficacy outcome (OS, PFS) (all interaction P-values >0.05). Conclusions: RAM provided a significant benefit, irrespective of LM status; however, its effect was numerically stronger in patients with LM. Therefore, RAM+PAC is a clinically meaningful therapeutic option for patients with mGEA and LM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.227-230
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 유류오염토양 세척유출수내 미세토사의 효율적 제거를 위한 최적의 방안 및 적용 운전 조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 응집제를 주입하지 않은 blank 실험결과, 광운대학교 토양 세척유출수는 pH 7～12의 범위에서 65～75%의 효율을 나타내었고, 우이천 하천퇴적 토양 세척유출수는 pH 7～11의 범위에서 30% 안팎의, pH 12에서는 70% 정도의 낮은 효율을 나타내었다. pH 13에서는 두 가지 세척유출수에서 각각 91%, 85%의 효율을 나타내었다. 응집ㆍ침전 실험 결과, 광운대학교 토양 세척유출수는 FeC13, alum, PAC을 적용하였을 때 대체로 99% 이상의 효율을 보였으나, PAM을 적용하였을 때는 pH 13에서만 약 95%의 효율을 보였을 뿐 pH 7～12의 범위에서는 50～70%의 낮은 효율을 보였다. 우이천 하천퇴적 토양 세척유출수는 alum과 PAC을 적용하였을 때 대체로 90% 이상의 효율을 나타내었으나, FeC13와 PAM을 적용하였을 때는 pH 13일 경우에서만 98%이상의 효율을 보였을 뿐 다른 pH조건에서는 대체로 60%이하의 효율을 보였다. 두 가지 세척유출수에 대하여 높은 효율을 보인 alum과 PAC의 경제성을 비교해본 결과 같은 양의 세척유출수를 응집처리 할 경우 PAC에 비하여 alum을 적용하였을 때 적은 비용이 소요되었다. 따라서 alum이 효율성과 경제성에서 가장 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.250-253
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• 2005

A Programmable Automation Controller (PAC) has been developed by Turbotek Co., Ltd. The developed system has multi-domain functionality-including sequence control, motion control and HMI- on a single platform. The PAC also has a common development platform for the design and integration of multi-domain automated systems. Since hardware of the developed system has modular architectures, performance and specification of the controller are determined by combination of specific modules. The developed system employs de facto standards such as OPC interface that allow users to easily exchange data as part of networked multi-vendor systems.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.59-63
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• 2013

In this paper, the impact of the copper densities of substrate layers on IC package warpage is studied experimentally and numerically. The substrate strips used in this study contained two metal layers, with the metal densities and patterns of these two layers varied to determine their impacts. Eight legs of substrate strips were prepared. Leg 1 to leg 5 were prepared with a HD (high density) type of strip and leg 6 to leg 8 were prepared with UHD (ultra high density) type of strip. The top copper metal layer was designed to feature meshed patterns and the bottom copper layer was designed to feature circular patterns. In order to consider the process factors, the warpage of the substrate bottom was measured step by step with the following manufacturing process: (a) bare substrate, (b) die attach, (c) applying mold compound (d) and post reflow. Furthermore, after the post reflow step, the substrate strips were diced to obtain unit packages and the warpage of the unit packages was measured to check the warpage trends and differences. The experimental results showed that the warpage trend is related to the copper densities. In addition to the experiments, a Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was used to simulate the warpage. The nonlinear material properties of mold compound, die attach, solder mask, and substrate core were included in the simulation. Through experiment and simulation, some observations were concluded.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2004

Cranberries have long been used by lay people to relieve the symptoms of urinary tract infections. Recent research has determined that the component of cranberry called proanthocyanidin (PAC) is the primary mechanism for inhibiting P-fimbriated E.coli adhesion to uroepithelial cells in vitro. A series of experiments were performed to determine the effects of PAC on growth and adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus to urinary catheter material. The results showed that PAC-inhibited binding of Gram positive S. aureus to collagen coated surfaces and significantly decreased the growth of these bacteria. P-fimbriated E.coli did not bind well to the biomaterial and their growth was unaffected by the cranberry extract with the exception of some loss in viability at 1000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL after 5 to 18 hours of exposure. This is the first report of the potential for cranberries to interfere with the adhesion and growth of S. aureus, a multi-drug resistant organisms responsible for morbidity and mortality especially in hospitalized patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 1993

In this experimental study, it is concerned to develop a simple equation using jar-test results in order to predict the optimum dosage of coagulant, PAC(polyaluminum chloride). Considering the relationships with the reactions of coagulation and flocculation, the four independent variables (e.g. turbidity, temperature, pH and alkalinity) are selected out of many parameters and they are put into calculations to develop an equation by means of multi-regression method. As the result, the dosing rate of PAC is proportional to turbidity, pH and alkalinity, but in inverse to temperature. And the developed equation is as follow, $$D_c=\frac{3.2{\cdot}T^{0.37}{\cdot}A^{0.04}{\cdot}P^{0.5}}{t^{0.1}},\;(R^2=0.9443)$$ And also, comparing between the estimated value from the equation and the real dosing rate in the plant, Kwangam and Tdukdo, during 1988~1991, it is represented an agreement having a relative error of 16.4%, 17.8%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Potoscience Conference
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• spring
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• pp.5-6
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• 1995

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2011

Microorganisms are significantly affected when the ambient pH of their environment changes. They must therefore be able to sense and respond to these changes in order to survive. Previous investigators have studied various fungal species to define conserved pH-responsive signaling pathways. One of these pathways, known as the Pal/Rim pathway, is activated in response to alkaline pH signals, ultimately targeting the PacC/Rim101 transcription factor. Although the central signaling components are conserved among divergent filamentous and yeast-like fungi, there is some degree of signaling specificity between fungal species. This specificity exists primarily in the downstream transcriptional targets of this pathway, likely allowing differential adaptation to species-specific environmental niches. In this review, the role of the Pal/Rim pathway in fungal pH response is discussed. Also highlighted are functional differences present in this pathway among human fungal pathogens, differences that allow these specialized microorganisms to survive in the various micro-environments of the infected human host.