• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1005-1008
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• 2008

Electronic Paper Displays (EPDs) incorporating electrophoretic foils have made digital reading as pleasant as reading normal print. We will report on progress to replace glass-based displays with light and robust plastic EPDs using only a few extra process steps in a standard TFT-LCD factory.

• 타이어
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• 통권31호
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• pp.4-7
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• 1971

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.3118-3122
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• 2010

The water soluble redox polymer, poly(N-vinylimidazole) complexed with Os(4,4'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyridine)$_2Cl]^+$ (PVI-[Os(dCl-bpy)$_2Cl]^+$), was electrodeposited on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by applying cycles of alternating square wave potentials between 0.2 V (2 s) and 0.7 V (2 s) to the electrode in a solution containing the redox polymer. The coordinating anionic ligand, $Cl^-$ of the osmium complex, became labile in the reduced state of the complex and was substituted by the imidazole of the PVI chain. The ligand substitution reactions resulted in crosslinking between the PVI chains, which made the redox polymer water insoluble and caused it to be deposited on the electrode surface. The deposited film was still electrically conducting and the continuous electrodeposition of the redox polymer was possible. When cycles of square wave potentials were applied to the electrode in a solution of bilirubin oxidase and the redox polymer, the enzyme was co-electrodeposited with the redox polymer, because the enzymes could be bound to the metal complexes through the ligand exchange reactions. The electrode with the film of the PVI-[Os(dCl-bpy)$_2Cl]^+$ redox polymer and the co-electrodeposited bilirubin oxidase was employed for the reduction of $O_2$ and a large increase of the currents was observed due to the electrocatalytic $O_2$ reduction with a half wave potential at 0.42 V vs. Ag/AgCl.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the 1% chlorhexidine gluconate/61% ethanol (CHG/ethanol), 45% ethanol/18% 1-propanol (ethanol/propanol) and 7.5% povidone-iodine (PVI) scrub with brush to evaluate their antimicrobial effect. Method: Utilizing repeated measures design, 9 nurses participated in the study. Glove juice sampling procedure was used to evaluate microbial hand counts before the surgical hand antisepsis, one minute after hand wash, and after the surgery. Results: Waterless rub using CHG and ethanol combination resulted in a 3.94 log reduction at 1 min and 2.78 log reduction at 3 hrs. Ethanol/propanol resulted in a 2.42 at 1 min and 2.22 at 3 hrs. The traditional scrub using PVI with brush resulted in a 0.94 at 1 min and 0.95 at 3 hrs (p=.003) and 3 hrs (p=.026) after the surgical hand antisepsis. Repeated measures ANOVA results showed that there was a statistically significant difference among group (p=.002). Duncan post hoc test result showed that the PVI was less effective (p<.05) in sterilizing microbials on hands than CHG/ethanol or ethanol/propanol. Conclusion: Both of the two alcohol-based antiseptic rubs are acceptable alternatives to the PVI with brush for surgical hand antisepsis.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate the rhythmic patterns in the English speech produced by Chinese learners of English who learn English as a foreign language (EFL learners). Utilizing interval-based rhythm metrics, namely, VarcoC, VarcoV, nPVI-C, nPVI-V, and %V, the study compared the rhythmic differences in English speech between ten native speakers from the United States and forty Chinese EFL learners from mainland China. A sentence elicitation task consisting of thirty picture prompts and corresponding thirty stimuli sentences with at least five vocalic and four consonantal intervals was conducted. Statistical results reveal that both Chinese advanced learners and beginners had significantly lower degree of stress-timed in their English speech, indicating that the acquisition of the L2 speech rhythm was influenced by the learners' L1 rhythmic pattern. In addition, the results also show that the Chinese advanced learners had significantly higher degree of stress-timed in their English speech than beginners and showed no significant difference with native speakers in VarcoC and nPVI-C. These results indicate that the direction of L2 speech rhythm development was from more syllable-timed to more stress-timed.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

This paper investigated the rhythmic features of speakers of English as a lingua franca in Asian contexts. A speech corpus of 150 conversations between speakers of English in Asia with different L1 backgrounds was collected and %V, ${\Delta}V$, VarcoV, and nPVI-V of each speaker were analyzed. It was found that L1 difference of the speakers and the speakers' daily use of English influenced %V, while the speakers' daily use of English influenced ${\Delta}V$. The gender difference of the speakers also affected the rhythm of the utterances in VarcoV. A weak correlation between the two speakers' rhythm in each conversation was also found in %V and ${\Delta}V$. No significant effects were found in nPVI-V. The results revealed that the speakers tended to accommodate the rhythm of their utterance to that of the interlocutors'. Further study on the speaking rate of the speakers is required to overcome some inconsistencies found in the results of the rhythmic metrics used in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2010

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mechanical irrigation in combination with mouthwash of antimicrobial agents on salivary bacterial counts. Materials and Methods: This study was performed with a randomized study employing a panel of 40 healthy volunteers (20 males and 20 females) between the age of 26 and 32 years. Volunteers were randomly put in one of four treatment groups. In the first group, 0.2 mL of non-stimulatory saliva was collected from every subjective person. Then, saliva was collected after rinsing with chlorhexidine (CHX) for 1 minute. In the second group, non-stimulatory saliva was collected, and then saliva was collected after rinsing with CHX and irrigation with saline. In the third and fourth groups, the same procedures as the first and second groups were performed with povidone iodine (PVI) instead of CHX. All of these samples were cultured for 48 hours aerobically. The reduction rates of colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated for each group. The reduction rate between each group was tested statistically using student t-test. Results: Using CHX in combination with saline irrigation showed a significant decrease of the salivary bacterial CFU when compared with only using CHX.(P<0.01) And using PVI with saline irrigation showed a little decrease of the CFU when compared with only using PVI, but there was no statistical significance.(P>0.01) Conclusion: It was concluded that the CHX or PVI used with saline irrigation made the salivary bacterial counts reduced more than when CHX or PVI was used alone as an oral antiseptic agent.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.250-255
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• 2002

This paper describes the study methods of identifying forest vegetation types, based on this study, forest vegetation classification method based on vegetation index is proposed. According to reflectance data of vegetation canopy and soil line equation NIR=1.506R+0.0076 in Jingyuetan, Changchun, China, many vegetation index are calculated and analyzed. The relationships between vegetation index and vegetation types are that PVI identifies broadleaf forest and conifer forest the most easily, the next is TSAVI and MSAVI, but their calculation is complex. RVI values of different conifer trees vary obviously, so RVI can classify conifer trees. In a word, combination of PVI and RVI is evaluated to classify different vegetation types.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2011

This study proposes a value based service design (VBSD) approach using Kano's model and QFD. Key quality factors and key cost factors are identified, evaluated and then incorporated to produce customer value index (CVI) and provider value index (PVI) which are together used to determine the four value strategy zones. Each value strategy zone suggests its own appropriate service development strategy based on its corresponding CVI and PVI characteristics such as maintaining current service, reducing costs, raising quality or eliminating/creating services. A camping car service design case is applied to this study, which shows the practical contribution of this VBSD approach.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2005

식생은 700nm근처에서 명확한 흡수파장대와 반사파장대를 갖고 있으므로 그 반사율의 차이가 상당히 크다. 이러한 식생의 흡수 및 반사파장대에 착안하여 식생에 관한 리모트센싱 기법을 실행하기 위하여 많은 식생지수가 연구되어지고 있다. 현재, 일반적으로 많이 사용되고 있는 식생지수로는 정규식생지수(NDVI)와 수직식생지수(PVI)가 있다. 일반적으로 식생의 활력도를 나타내는 것은 증산속도나 이산화탄소 소비량 그리고 클로로필농도등 이지만 주로 클로로필농도를 이용한다. NDVI나 PVI을 구하는데 이용되는 적색파장대는 클로로필의 흡광작용이 강하므로 클로로필 농도를 파악하는데도 유효하다. 특히 NDVI는 개략적인 식생상황을 파악하는데 주로 사용되기 때문에 초기조사에 많이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 식생지수는 활력도와 식생피복에 관한 정보가 혼합되어 있기 때문에 활력도와 식생피복간의 중복이 없는 독자적인 파장대에 패하여 모니터링을 할 필요가 있다. 지금까지 많은 식생지수는 식생의 활력과 식생피복이 혼재되어 있어서 함께 평가하였으나 본 연구에서는 활력도와 식생피복율을 분리평가하기 위하여 잔디를 이용한 실험을 행하여 분리 평가의 효용성을 강조하고자 하였다. 따라서 분광반사특성을 이용하여 식생지수를 평가한 결과 식생의 활력과 피복을 분리하여 평가하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다.