• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.1075-1080
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• 2006

Purpose of this study is proposal of estimating method about window thermal performance that based on KS F 2278 'Test method of thermal resistance for windows and doors' due to material composition of PVC frame window. First step of this study is research of present state about material composition of PVC frame window. Second is selection of main effective elements about window thermal resistance. For example, composition of Glazing, Frame area ratio of total window area, frame width, opening type, area of heat transfer and so on. Third is multiple regression analysis about thermal performance of PVC frame window due to main effective elements. It produces equations of multiple regression analysis due to opening type. Case of sliding window is $Y=0.149+0.034X_g+0.248X_{far}$, 4track sliding is $Y=0.584+0.175X_g+1.355X_{far}-0.008X_{fw}$, Tilt & Turn window is $Y=-0.161+0.076X_g+0.576X_{far}+0.0008X_{fw}$.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2015

Steel stiffener is required for reinforcing the structure of the window frame made of versatile but weak PVC material. Steel stiffener however becomes a source of greater heat loss and frequently plays a role of thermal bridge due to its high thermal conductivity. To maintain thermal resistance similar to PVC frame, steel stiffener is perforated to reduce the effective heat transfer area. To compensate the structural strength of the steel stiffener which is weakened by the perforation, the thickness is increased. Increase in thickness will also increase the thermal heat resistance. Five samples which are PVC frame, PVC frame + original steel stiffener, PVC frame + 30% perforated steel stiffener, PVC frame + 50% perforated steel stiffener, PVC frame + 65% perforated steel stiffener are modeled and simulated for 2nd moment of area and thermal resistance. Therm/window version 6.3 is used for thermal analysis. The results show that among the five samples analyzed, PVC frame + 65% perforated steel stiffener best satisfies both structural strength and thermal resistance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.11B
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• pp.1289-1295
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• 2009

Premature ventricular contractions are the most common of all arrhythmias and may cause more serious situation like ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in some patients. Therefore, the detection of this arrhythmia becomes crucial in the early diagnosis and prevention of possible life threatening cardiac diseases. Particularly, in the healthcare system that must continuously monitor people's situation, it is necessary to process ECG signal in realtime. In other words, design of algorithm that exactly detects R wave using minimal computation and classifies PVC is needed. So, R wave detection algorithm based adaptive threshold and window for the classification of PVC is presented in this paper. For this purpose, ECG signals are first processed by the usual preprocessing method and R wave was detected and adaptive window through R-R interval is used for efficiency of the detection. The performance of R wave detection and PVC classification is evaluated by using MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The achieved scores indicate 99.33%, 88.86% accuracy respectively for R wave detection and PVC classification.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.482-500
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• 2011

In apartment housing construction, window frame installation work, which is conducted after the structural framework, is very important, because its completion time directly affects the starting time of successive interior finishing works, as well as the overall construction period. Construction delays in interior finishing works might occur due to problems inherent to the conventional window frame installation method, such as the poor verticality of window frames, and the water leakage around them. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the problems of a 'Gangform integrated PVC window frame pre-installation method' based on its pilot test results. Next, this study proposes an improved conceptual model that enables the end users to enhance the field applicability of this method in terms of productivity, time, and cost. The field applicability of the proposed 'Gangform integrated PVC window frame pre-installation method' was also verified through a survey.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.54-55
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• 2021

This study compared the fire safety standards for windows of Korea, the U.S. and Japan to prevent fire expansion through exterior wall openings, and conducted experiments using PVC and aluminum window frames, which are widely used in Korea.The experiment is KS F 2845 which combines frames of the same thickness and area with single-window form and 1 hour fire resistance glass with 8T thickness. Experiments showed that the PVC window was about 9 minutes and the aluminum window was about 26 minutes. However, in Korea, there are no test standards for windows installed at the opening of the exterior wall. In addition, fire safety standards for windows shall be established along with the designation of fire prevention zones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.77-78
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• 2022

This study compared the fire safety standards for windows of Korea, the U.S. and Japan to prevent fire expansion through exterior wall openings, and conducted experiments using PVC and aluminum window frames, which are widely used in Korea.The experiment is KS F 2845 which combines frames of the same thickness and area with single-window form and 1 hour fire resistance glass with 8T thickness. Experiments showed that the PVC window was about 9 minutes and the aluminum window was about 26 minutes. However, in Korea, there are no test standards for windows installed at the opening of the exterior wall. In addition, fire safety standards for windows shall be established along with the designation of fire prevention zones.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.2021-2030
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• 2012

Premature ventricular contraction(PVC) is the most common disease among arrhythmia and it may cause serious situations such as ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Particularly, in the healthcare system that must continuously monitor patient's situation, it is necessary to process ECG (Electrocardiography) signal in realtime. In other words, the design of algorithm that exactly detects R wave using minimal computation and classifies PVC by analyzing the persons's physical condition and/or environment is needed. Thus, the patient adaptive pattern matching algorithm for the classification of PVC is presented in this paper. For this purpose, we detected R wave through the preprocessing method, adaptive threshold and window. Also, we applied pattern matching method to classify each patient's normal cardiac behavior through the Hash function. The performance of R wave detection and abnormal beat classification is evaluated by using MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The achieved scores indicate the average of 99.33% in R wave detection and the rate of 0.32% in abnormal beat classification error.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.59-65
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• 2017

Purpose: Thermal performance and air tightness of window are improved for the building energy efficiency. As the deteriorated houses are increased, the improve measures with low cost and easy installation are developed in the energy performance of window. Attached glazing and windbreak can be easily applied to the window with low cost. In this paper, the effect of the attached glazing and windbreak on the thermal performance and air tightness of window is analyzed as the measure to improve performance of window. Method: Thermal transmittance of glazing is evaluated through WINDOW simulation according to thickness of attached glazing and air cavity. Based on the simulation results, thermal transmittance, air tightness and condensation resistance performance of four cases are tested according to Korea standards. One type of PVC sliding double window is chosen as the specimen. For the analysis on low performance of window, the outside of window is excluded in the PVC sliding double window. Result: This study shows that thermal performance of glazing can be increased by the application of attached glazing. Furthermore, lower thermal performance of glazing can obtain the higher effect of attached glazing. The application of attached glazing and windbreak can effect on increasing thermal performance and air tightness of window.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2003

The full-scale compartment fire tests were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of fire resistance of window material under actual fire conditions. The room size used for full-scale room fire tests was 4 by 3.8 m with 2.4 m high ceiling. The windows with PVC, Aluminum and AL+Wood frame materials were established, sofa and mattress were used as fire sources. The window contained pair glasses with the air between 6 mm glasses. Temperatures at total 32 points in the room were measured to find the temperature distribution in the room fire. It is examined that thermal effects on window frame materials such as charring, distortion, melting, structural collapse, and other effects.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.797-802
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• 2007

The effects of window cover on the performance of the plate type radiant cooling test system are studied. The cover materials tested are 2mm, 1mm, 0.7mm glass, Cokin 007 filter, and PVC film. The measurements are performed during the September nights of 2005 at the rooftop of the building in Seoul. The equivalent height of the building is about a building with twelve floors. The radiant cooling performance of the black painted and aluminum film coated plate are compared under no cover condition. Also the results are compared when the system has cover over the plate. In general, the covers reduce the radiant cooling temperature differences during the nighttime. Among these covers, the PVC film cover shows the best performance. In some cases, the plate with PVC film cover shows lower temperatures than the system without cover.