• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2016

Objective : To suggest a scientific evidence of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata: ALRP) as one of cooling and heating medicines on the regulation of body temperature, we investigated the effects of ALRP water extract on hypothyroidism. Methods : Hypothyroidism was induced by intradermal injection with PTU for 4 weeks in SD rats. ALRP extract or L-thyroxine as a control drug was orally administrated for 2 weeks with PTU injection in rats. The physiological and serological parameters were measured in rats. The histological change of thyroid tissues was observed by H&E staining, and also the expression of thermo-regulating proteins was determined by Western blot in dorsal root ganglia and brain tissues of rats. Results : The administration of ALRP extract in PTU-induced hypothyroidism rats was significantly increased body temperature, but did not changes on body weight, food and water intake. ALRP extract did not effect on the levels of TSH and T4 in the hypothyroidism rats. ALRP extract significantly decreased the levels of GPT, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol in the hypothyroidism rats. In histological observation, the enlarged epithelium and atrophic follicles with higher concentration of follicular cells on hypothyroidism were improved by ALRP extract. In addition, ALRP extract increased the expression of TRPV1 and TRPM8 ion channel proteins in hypothyroidism rats. Conclusion : These results indicate that ALRP extract can improve PTU-induced hypothyroidism through regulation of body temperature and lipid accumulation. The action mechanism of ALRP extract is related with body temperature control by thermoregulation with TRP ion channels.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 1989

수영-스트레스로 나타나는 뇌 catecholamine대사 및 혈장 corticosterone 함량의 변동에 대한 clonidine(500 ug/kg)의 억제작용을 propylthiouracil(0.01% 용액으로 5주간 마시게함) 및 1-thyrorine(4 mg/kg/day로 5일간 복강내에 주사)로 처치한 웅성-마우스에서 실험관찰하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 마우스의 일과성 자발운동량의 변동은 갑상선-홀몬의 변동에 영향을 받지 않았고, 수영스트레스(SS)로 나타나는 혈장 corticosterone(CS)의 증가가 propylthiouracil 전처치 (PTU) 및 1-thyroxine 전처치 (T4)로 각각 다소의 감소 및 증강됨을 보였으나, SS에 의한 혈장 CS증가에 대한 clonidine의 억제작용은 PTU 및 T4의 영향을 받지 않았다. SS부하로 뇌 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol 함량(MHPG)가 유의하게 증가되고 clonidine에 의하여는 MHPG가 현저히 감소되었으나 뇌 norepinephrine 함량(NE)은 별 변동을 보이지 않아서 MHPG/NE비는 SS와 clonidine에 의하여 각각 현저한 증가 및 감소를 나타내었다. 아울러, PTU및 T4은 각각 뇌NE을 유의하게 감소 또는 증가시켰으나 뇌 MHPG에는 별 영향을 미치지 않았다. Clonidine은 SS에 의한 뇌 MHPG 및 MHPG/NE비의 증가를 모두 현저히 억제하였으며 그 억제작용은 PTU 및 T4에 의하여 별 영향을 받지 않았다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어서, 마우스의 일과성 자발운동양상 및 스트레스반응으로 나타나는 혈장 corticosterone의 증가현상등이 갑상선-홀몬의 변동에 별 영향을 받지 않으며, 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신계의 활성화가 시상하부의 norepinephrine성 신경-흥분에 매게되어 나타나는 바, 스트레스성 혈장 corticosterone 증가에 대한 clonidine의 억제작용이 그의 절전-${\alpha}_2-adrenoceptor\;agonist$ 작용에 기인되는 것으로 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.252-263
• /
• 1984

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 갑상선(甲狀腺)이 하수분(下垂분)의 기능(機能)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코져 실시(實施)하였는 바, 25일령(日齡)의 암 흰쥐 144마리를 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群), propylthiouracil (PTU) 처리군(處理群), Thyroxine처리군(處理群) 및 정상대조군(正常對照群)의 4개군(個群)으로 나누어 36마리씩 배치(配置)한 다음 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)에서는 갑상선(甲狀腺)을 외과적(外科的)으로 척출(剔出)하였고, PTU처리군(處理群)에서는 음수(飮水)를 0.05%의 propylthiouracil용액(溶液)으로 만들어 자유급수(自由給水)시켰으며, Thyroxine처리군(處理群)에서는 L-thyroxine을 체중(體重) 100g당(當) $30{\mu}g$씩 3일간격(日間隔)으로 주사(注射)하였다. 각(各) 군별(群別)로 처리후(處理後) 시간(時間)의 경과(經過)에 따라 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 및 6주후(週後)에 6마리씩 도살(屠殺)하여 하수체(下垂體)의 중량측정(重量測定) 및 조직학적(組織學的) 검색(儉索)을 실시(實施)하였으며, 아울러 혈청중(血淸中)의 FSH와 LH의 농도(濃度)를 측정(測定)하여 비교검토(比較檢討)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 하수체(下垂體)의 중량(重量)은 모든 처리군(處理群)이 정상대조군(正常對照群)보다 높은 값을 나타냈는데, 처리(處理) 3주후(週後)부터 5주(週)까지 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 변화(變化)를 하였으며 다중검정결과(多重檢定結果) Thyroxine처리군(處理群)과 정상대조군(正常對照群) 및 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)과 PTU처리군(處理群) 상호간(相互間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 2. 하수체(下垂體)의 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化)는 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)과 PTU처리군(處理群)에서는 산호성세포(酸好性細胞)가 처리(處理) 4주후(週後)부터 위축(萎縮)되기 시작하였으며 염기호성세포(鹽基好性細胞)는 처리(處理) 2주후(週後)부터 비대(肥大) 증식(增殖)되었는데, 이러한 변화(變化)는 실험기간(實驗期間)이 경과(經過)할수록 더욱 진행(進行)되어서 4주후(週後)부는 공포화(空胞化) 현상(現상)이 인화(認和)되었다. 그러나, Thyroxine처리군(處理群)에서는 처리(處理) 5주후(週後)부터 산호성(酸好性) 세포(細胞)의 근소(僅少)한 비대(肥大)와 염기호성세포(鹽基好性細胞)의 경미(輕微)한 위축현상(萎縮現상)이 발견(發見)되었을 뿐 정상하수체(正常下垂體)에 가까운 조직소견(組織所見)이었다. 3. FSH의 혈청중(血淸中) 농도(濃度) 변화(變化)는 모든 시찰시간(視察時間)에서 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데, 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)과 PTU처리군(處理群)은 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비하여 유의(有意)하게 낮은 값을 나타냈고, Thyroxine 처리군(處理群)은 유의(有意)하게 높은 값을 나타냈다. 4. LH의 혈청중(血淸中) 농도(濃度) 변화(變化)는 모든 처리군(處理群)이 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비하여 낮은 값을 나타내어 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데, 다중검정결과(多重檢定結果) 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)과 PTU처리군(處理群) 및 Thyroxine처리군(處理群)과 정상대조군(正常對照群) 상호간(相互間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.470-476
• /
• 2003

고굴절률을 갖는 플라스틱 재료를 얻기 위하여 1,2-에틸렌디설파닐비스(2-머캅토메틸-1-에탄티올) (ESTT)을 1,2-에틸렌디설파닐비스(2-브로모메틸-1-에탄티올) (ESTB)과 티오우레아의 반응과 암모니아 용액으로 가수분해 반응을 해서 높은 수율로 새로이 합성하였고, $^1$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR, FT-IR및 Mass Specooscopy 등에 의해 1.7 ppm에서 -SH, 28.4 ppm에서 -CH$_2$SH, 2540 $cm^{-1}$ /에서 -SH등의 관능기 구조를 확인하였다. 이어서, 폴리티오우레탄 (PTU)들은 디부틸틴 디라울레이트 존재하에서 ESTT와 4,4＇-메틸렌비스(페놀이소시아네이트) (MDI), 톨릴렌 2,4-디이소시아네이트 (TDI), 이소포론 디이소시아네이트 (IPDI), m-자일렌디이소시아네이트 (XDI) 및 1,6-디이소시아네이토헥산 (HMDI) 등을 일정한 틀에 넣고 주형중합을 하고, FT-IR로 N=C=O의 존재를 확인하였다. 이어서, PTU 수지들의 열적, 기계적 및 광학적 성질을 살펴보기 위하여 열주사분석 (DSC)과 열중량분석 (TGA), 경도 및 굴절률 측정 등을 행하여, PTU 시편들이 DSC상에서 융점이 없고 XRD상으로 무정형임을 관찰하였다. 또, 110 $^{\circ}C$ 이상의 유리 전이 온도를 갖는 PTU 수지들은 86∼89 범위의 양호한 경도 (Shore D)를 나타냈으며, 방향족 고리를 함유하는 디이소시아네이트와 ESTT를 원료로 했던 PTU수지들의 내열성이 특별히 양호하였다. 무정형 PTU 수지들은 400∼600 m 범위의 UV-vis 광원에 의한 광투과율 들도 양호하게 나타났다. PTU 수지들은 1.60 이상의 굴절률을 보였으며, 황함량이 증가하면 굴절률도 점차 증가하는 것이 관찰되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2019

Objectives : In present study, we investigated a therapeutic effect of Astragali Radix on hypothyroidism rat model induced by 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). Methods : Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups : Group one included the normal mice. Group two was administrated PTU. Group three and four were administrated the aqueous extract of Astragali Radix 150 and 300 mg/kg before start of PTU treatment. Group five (Positive control) was administrated with levothyroxine 0.5 mg/kg. During this moment the body weight, liver $H_2O_2$ and catalase (CAT) amount, serum thyroid hormone, serum asparte aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gland weights were measured with histopathological changes of thyroid glands. These results were compared with levothyroxine 0.5 mg/kg treated rats. Results : The PTU treatment lead to marked decreases of body weight, level of thyroid hormone in serum and liver CAT activation. Also, PTU treatment increased thyroid gland weight, thyroid gland hormone TSH, liver $H_2O_2$ amount and level of AST in serum. On the other hands, the administration of Astragali Radix extract increased body weight gains and ameliorated histopathological changes of thyroid such as hyperplasia of follicular cells with of follicular colloid contents and sizes. In addition, the administration of Astragali Radix extract increased level of $T_4$ in serum, CAT activation in liver. Moreover, the administration of Astragali Radix extract decreased levels of TSH and AST in serum and $H_2O_2$ amount in liver Conclusions : This study suggests that Astragali Radix extract has therapeutic effects on hypothyroidism via promoting thyroid hormone production.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.425-436
• /
• 2010

Objectives : Hypothyroidism is a relatively common endocrinologic disease, especially among older women. Western medical doctors treat hypothyroidism with levothyroxine, however there are several side effects, including thyrotoxicosis, atrial fibrillation, osteoporosis, etc. Therefore, traditional Korean medicine(TKM) offers an appealing alternative therapy for hypothyroidism. In this study, Cuscuta Semen was used to analyze its possible effect on a hypothyroidism rat model induced by propylthiouracil(PTU). Methods : 24 two-month-old Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were divided into 4 groups: normal (n=6), PTU-induced hypothyroidism control(n=6), hypothyroidism rat treated with Cuscuta Semen (n=6), and hypothyroidism rat treated with levothyroxine(n=6). PTU was administered for 4 weeks, Cuscuta Semen and levothyroxine was administered 2 weeks after PTU was initiated for a total duration of 2 weeks. Blood samples from all the rats were taken from their hearts and analyzed. Results : When compared to the normal group, the PTU-induced control group showed significantly lower $T_4$, $T_3$ levels and significantly higher TSH level, which is indicative of hypothyroidism. The Cuscuta Semen group had significantly higher $T_4$ and significantly lower TSH than the control group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in biochemical labs and weight between the Cuscuta Semen and control groups. Conclusions : These results suggest that Cuscuta Semen could be effective in increasing thyroid hormone production, and be powerful enough to affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Also, no adverse effects related with Cuscuta Semen were found, suggesting that it is relatively safe to administer. In conclusion, it seems that Cuscuta Semen is a safe alternative medicine for hypothyroidism.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 1985

1. The weights of ovary and uternus in the all treated groups were lighter than those in control group showing significantly differences from 4 weeks after treatment. The significant was not recognized between PTU and Thx. groups, and Thyro. and control groups. 2. In the histological changes of ovary, follicles were disa, pp.ared and alignment of membrana granulosa disnitergration in cell change were serious in Thx. and PTU groups and slight in Thyro. group. 3. In the histological changes of uterus, endometrial epithelium and lamina propria were atrophied from 3 weeks after treatment in Thx. group, from 4 weeks in PTU groups and from 5 weeks in Thyro. group. Muscular layers were atrophied with time elapse in the all treated groups. 4. The changes of the concentrations of serum progesterone at all observation times in Thx. and PTU groups were significantly decreased in comparison with those in control group. While those in Thyro. group were significantly increased in comparison with those in control group. 5. The concentration of serum estradiol-17$\beta$ at all observation times in all experimental groups were below 27.2pg/ml. Therefore, we did not detect any changes of the concentrations.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.425-434
• /
• 2011

Objectives : Hypothyroidism is the most common pathological disease of the endocrine system. Morinda Officinalis Radix has been used in treatment of Yang deficiency. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Morinda Officinalis Radix on a rat model of hypothyroidism induced by 6-propyl, 2-thiouracil (PTU). Methods : Two-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were used with injection of PTU which induced rats into hypo-thyroidism. During 2 weeks, rats were treated with Morinda Officinalis Radix and thyroxine. Body weights were checked every week, the after 4 weeks, biochemical analyses were performed. The levels of T3, T4 and TSH was measured by EILSA. Results : In the Morinda Officinalis Radix group, we could observe the level of T4 significantly increased and TSH level significantly decreased. Conclusions : Morinda Officinalis Radix could help the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones under PTU suppression. There is no harm effect on liver and kidney function, or other metabolism. According to these results it could help to treat hypothyroidism patients and relieve their symptoms.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.3.1-3.10
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare root canal volume change and canal transportation by Vortex Blue (VB; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer), and ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer) nickel-titanium rotary files in curved root canals. Materials and Methods: Thirty canals with $20^{\circ}-45^{\circ}$ of curvature from extracted human molars were used. Root canal instrumentation was performed with VB, PTN, and PTU files up to #30.06, X3, and F3, respectively. Changes in root canal volume before and after the instrumentation, and the amount and direction of canal transportation at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the root apex were measured by using micro-computed tomography. Data of canal volume change were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test, while data of amount and direction of transportation were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There were no significant differences among 3 groups in terms of canal volume change (p > 0.05). For the amount of transportation, PTN showed significantly less transportation than PTU at 3 mm level (p = 0.005). VB files showed no significant difference in canal transportation at all 3 levels with either PTN or PTU files. Also, VB files showed unique inward transportation tendency in the apical area. Conclusions: Other than PTN produced less amount of transportation than PTU at 3 mm level, all 3 file systems showed similar level of canal volume change and transportation, and VB file system could prepare the curved canals without significant shaping errors.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2007

Objective : Although hypothyroidism is a common disease in the endocrinology system, it is reported that there are a lot of difficulties in treating it effectively. Aconiti Ra얕 traditionally has been used in treatment of coldness, fatigue, and bradycardia. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Aconiti Radix on hypothyroidism rat model induced by 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). Methods : Two-month-old rats were used with administration of PTU which induced hypothyroidism in the rats. After 2 weeks, Aconiti Radix and thyroxine were administered, respectively. The body weights were measured every week. After 4 weeks, the blood samples of all rats were taken from their hearts. They were analyzed biochemically and $T_4$ (thyroid hormone) & TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) was measured by ELISA kits. Results : In comparison with normals, controls showed hypothyroidism with significantly low $T_4$ and high TSH the statistics. In Aconiti Radix administration groups significantly increased $T_4$ was observed in the statistics and its effects were dose-dependent. There was no difference statistically in TSH of Aconiti Radix treatment groups from controls, nor were statistical differences observed significantly in biochemical labs and weight of each group. Conclusions : These findings suggest that Aconiti Radix protects thyroid cells and makes thyroid cells produce thyroid hormones. It is also very safe in the view of liver, kidney function, and other metabolism. It may be a useful agent for treating hypothyroidism.