• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.154.2-154.2
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• 2016

In this work, we introduce a solution-processed CdS interlayer for use in inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, and compare this material to a series of standard organic and inorganic cathode interlayers. Different combinations of solution-processed CdS, ZnO and conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) layers were compared as cathode interlayers on ITO substrates to construct inverted solar cells based on $PTB7:PC_{71}BM$ and a $P3HT:PC_{61}BM$ as photoactive layers. Introduction of a CdS interlayer significantly improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted $PTB7:PC_{71}BM$ devices from 2.0% to 4.9%, however, this efficiency was still fairly low compared to benchmark ZnO or CPE interlayers due to a low open circuit voltage ($V_{OC}$), stemming from the deep conduction band energy of CdS. The $V_{OC}$ was greatly improved by introducing an interfacial dipole (CPE) layer on top of the CdS layer, yielding outstanding diode characteristics and a PCE of 6.8%. The best performing interlayer, however, was a single CPE layer alone, which yielded a $V_{OC}$ of 0.727 V, a FF of 63.2%, and a PCE of 7.89%. Using $P3HT:PC_{61}BM$ as an active layer, similar trends were observed. Solar cells without the cathode interlayer yielded a PCE of 0.46% with a poor $V_{OC}$ of 0.197 V and FF of 34.3%. In contrast, the use of hybrid ZnO/CPE layer as the cathode interlayer considerably improved the $V_{OC}$ of 0.599 V and FF of 53.3%, resulting the PCE of 2.99%. Our results indicate that the CdS layer yields excellent diode characteristics, however, performs slightly worse than benchmark ZnO and CPE layers in solar cell devices due to parasitic absorption below 550 nm. These results suggest that the hybrid inorganic/organic interlayer materials are promising candidates as cathode interlayers for high efficiency inverted solar cells through the modification of interface contacts.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.381-388
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• 1994

Recently, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) had made some changes in the radiation sources specified from those in the original performance test criteria ANSI N13. 11-1983. In case or beta category, in addition to the high-energy $^{90}$ Sr/$^{90}$ Y beta source, the $^{204}$ Tl source was added because many workplaces have significant levels of lower energy betas. In this study, the performance or the Teledyne PB-3 personnel dosimetry system in the fields of $^{204}$ Tl and $^{90}$ Sr/ $^{90}$ Y beta was investigated using the PTB beta secondary standard sources. The new beta correction function of PB-3 personnel dosimetry system for $^{204}$ Tl beta was also developed in this response experiment. The results show that the Teledyne PB-3 personnel dosimetry system is very effective for $^{90}$ Sr/ $^{90}$ Y beta dose assessment. In case of $^{204}$ Tl beta radiation, however, the results of simple performance test indicated that the use of beta correction factor(=2.088) which was recommanded by manufacturer may result in unexpectable overestimation of delivered dose by about 60%, while the use of developed beta correction function could measure the delivered doses in errors of 15%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 1973

Experiment was conducted to study resistance of rice varieties and lines originated from Korea and IRRI sources to the zigzag-striped leafhopper, Recilia (Inazuma) dorsalis MOTSCHULSKY The nature of varietal resistance to the insect was evaluated from the viewpoints of feeding and ovipositional preferences and antibiosis. The varieties Su-Yai-20, Muthumanikam, PTB-18 and Vellanlangalayan were resistant and DV-139 moderately resistant to tile zigzag-striped leafhopper, and the other varieties tested were susceptible. Feeding and ovipositional preferences were significantly different among the varieties, but no correlation was observed between the two preferences. The nature of resistance of rice to the insect seemed to be related with The non-feeding preference, not non-ovipositional preference. The resistant (Vellanlangalyan and Su-Yai 20) and moderately resistant(DV-139) varieties had high antibiosis against the zigzag-striped leafhopper.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.373-377
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• 1994

A mechanism for the synthesis of benzophenone from oxidation of diphenylmethane under Aliquit 336 phase transfer catalyst is investigated in this study. The production rate of benzophenone increased with the increasing amount of Allquat 336 and potassium tert-butoxide. At low concentrations of diphenylmethane and oxygen, the reaction order was first with the concentrations of diphenylmethane and oxygen respectively, but it approached to zero order at high concentrations. Tert-butyl alcohol, by-product of the reaction, inhibited the formation of benzophenone. Experimental results fit fairly well to the following initial reaction rate equation derived from reaction mechanism. $$({\gamma}_{BP})_0={\frac{k_1k_3k_5[QCI]_0[DPM]_0[PTB]_0[O_2]_0}{k_2k_4[TBA]_0+k_2k_5[O_2]_0+k_3k_5[O_2]_0[DPM]_0}}$$

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.1 s.18
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• pp.11-16
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• 1974

Experiment was conducted to select the rice varieties and lines resistant to the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Fallen, and study the cause of varietal resistance to the insect. The nature of varietal resistance was evaluated from the viewpoints of feeding and ovipositional preferences and antibiosis. Among the IRRI sources the varieties H 105, Muthumanikam, Vellailangalayan, Karsamba Red ASD-7. Manavari Co 22, Mudgo, PTB-18, IR 8 and IR 20 were selected as resistant sources. Among the domestic sources. only Suweon 213-1, Suweon 214 and Suweon 215 originated from the IR667 lines were resistant, and other leading varieties ail susceptible. The cause of resistance of rice to the insect seemed to be highly related with the non-feeding preference, not non-ovipositional preference. Nymphal mortality and rate of adult emergence were significantly different from the resistant and susceptible varieties. The rate of adult emergence was significantly lower in the resistant than In the susceptible varieties. The primary cause of lower adult emergence seemed to be due to the fact that the infects were suffered higher nymphal mortality in the resistant than in the susceptible varieties.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07c
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• pp.1368-1370
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• 1995

Lightning impulse voltage is essential to evaluate the insulation performance of electric power apparatus. Recently international standard(IEC-60) on high voltage measurement techniques are being revised. In the draft of this standard, a new calibration method is introduced and the accuracy of most industrial measuring systems is maintained by means of comparison test against the reference measuring systems. Intercomparison tests of dividers for lightning impulse measurement were carried out by KERI. The shielded resisitive divider with 700kV rating developed by KERI were done comparison test with PTB divider with 300kV rating which have the similar charateristics as that were circulated among the laboratories. This paper reports on the comparison test results with full lightning impulse voltages from 126kV to 240kV. It is demonstrated that KERI are capable of realizing the idea in the revision of the IEC standand, that is, to establish traceability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.337.2-337.2
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• 2016

역 구조 유기태양전지는 가격이 저렴하고 우수한 경량성, 간단한 제조공정 그리고 휘어짐이 가능한 소자를 제작할 수 있는 것이 큰 장점이다. 또한, 광활성층과 전극 사이에 표면개질 물질을 도입하여 에너지장벽을 줄임으로써 소자 전반적인 전하수송을 증가시킬 수 있게 되었다. 나아가 용액공정과 저온 공정을 통해 유기 광전자소자의 roll-to-roll 대면적화 기술을 기반으로 가격대비 성능을 개선시켰다. 본 연구에서는 CdSe 또는 CdSe@ZnS 양자점을 표면개질 유기물질인 polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE)에 정전기적 인력의 결합을 통한 양자점 단일층을 얻었고 이는 전기수송층, 광흡수층 그리고 표면플라즈몬 공명(Surface plasmon resornace)의 역할을 수행하게 되면서 태양전지 전반적인 성능 향상을 관찰 할 수 있었고 양자점 단일층으로 인해 20%가 증가된 에너지변환효율 얻었다. 또한 단일층으로 형성된 CdSe 또는 CdSe@ZnS 양자점 은 $F{\ddot{o}}rster$ resonance energy transfer (FRET) 메커니즘을 통해 PC60BM과 P3HT의 Photo luminescence 세기를 99% 감쇄시켰고, CdSe 양자점을 유기 광활성층인 PTB7:PC71BM에 적용하여 8.1%의 수치를 나타내었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes such as cellular morphogenesis and motility. Our previous studies demonstrated that Odin, one of the Anks family proteins, functions as a scaffolding protein of the EphA8 signaling pathway leading to modulation of cell migration or axonal outgrowth. Here we show that WDR7 is associated with Odin and that it is possibly implicated in the EphA8 signaling pathway. WD40 repeats present in the COOH-terminal region of WDR7 appear to be crucial for its association with Odin, whereas the binding motif of Odin is located in between ankyrin repeats and PTB domain. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that association of WDR7 with Odin is enhanced by ephrin ligand treatment, possibly through forming large protein complexes including both EphA8 and ephrin-A5. Consistently, immunofluorescence staining experiments suggested that WDR7 constitute a component of the large protein complexes containing Odin, EphA8 and ephrin-A5. Taken together, our results suggest the WDR7-Odin complexes might be involved in the signaling pathway downstream of the EphA8 receptor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.221-233
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• 2004

Molecular docking falls into the general category of global optimization problems since its main purpose is to find the most stable complex consisting of a receptor and its ligand. Conformational space annealing (CSA), a powerful global optimization method, is incorporated with the Tinker molecular modeling package to perform molecular docking simulations of six receptor-ligand complexes (3PTB, 1ULB, 2CPP, 1STP, 3CPA and 1PPH) from the Protein Data Bank. In parallel, Monte Carlo with minimization (MCM) method is also incorporated into the Tinker package for comparison. The energy function, consisting of electrostatic interactions, van der Waals interactions and torsional energy terms, is calculated using the AMBER94 all-atom empirical force field. Rigid docking simulations for all six complexes and flexible docking simulations for three complexes (1STP, 3CPA and 1PPH) are carried out using the CSA and the MCM methods. The simulation results show that the docking procedures using the CSA method generally find the most stable complexes as well as the native -like complexes more efficiently and accurately than those using the MCM, demonstrating that CSA is a promising search method for molecular docking problems.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 1999

This study was carried out to find deodorization management method of the efflux from swine slurry treated by thermophilic aerobic oxidation reactor. Three kinds of deodorization methods in Lab-scale reactors, were used in this experiment; No treatment, air injection treatment(50$m\ell$ air/min. $\ell$) and inoculumn of photrophic bacteria treatement(108 cell(Most probable number, MPN)/$m\ell$). The concentration of volatile fatty acids(VFAs), hydrogen sulfide(H2S), and ammonia(NH3) were analyzed during the treatment period(50 days). The major results obtained as follows. 1. Air injection method to efflux showed very high removal effect on malodorants such as VFAs, hydrogen sulfide(H2B). But ammonia(NH3) was emitted to much. 2. PTB inoculum method was also effective in removal of malodorants, VFAs, Hydrogen sulfide(H2S), when it was applied to the efflux. 3. We found that the concentrations of malodorants, VFAs, H2S, NH3 had some relatinships with the pH, ORP, BOD in the efflux.