• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집(Proceeding of the KOSME 2000 Spring Annual Meeting)
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• pp.100-104
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• 2000

This paper deals with finite element analyses of residual stresses causing popping up which are induced in micromachining processes of a mcroaccelerometers. After heating the tunnel gap up to 100 degree and get it through the cooling process and the additional bean up to 80 degree and get is through the cooling process. We learn the thermal internal stress of each shape and compare the results with each other after heating the tunnel gap up to 400 degree during the Pt deposition process. We want to seek after the real cause of this pop up phenomenon and diminish this by change manufacturing processes of microaccelerometer by electrostatic force.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.170-178
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• 1997

Background: The analgesic efficacy and safety of propacetamol, an injectable prodrug of acetoaminophen, in combination with intravenous morphine PCA were studied in 40 patients after gynecological surgery requiring lower abdominal incision. Methods: Using a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group design, the effects of four(every 6 hr) intravenous injections of 2 g propacetamol(=1 g acetoaminophen) were compared with four injections of placebo(PL) immediately after surgery. Efficacy of cumulative dose of morphine and number of boluses requested was assessed over 24 hours by automated recording on the PCA device. It was assessed on pain scores rated on a ten-point verbal scale along with vital signs, $K^+$, glucose, BUN, creatinine, PT and PTT were measured along with stress hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol). Results: There were no differences in demographic data between two groups. Propacetamol group demonstrated approximately 21% morphine sparing effect compared to placebo group($33.1{\pm}10.4$ mg vs $41.4{\pm}8.0$ mg). No significant differences noted in $K^+$, glucose, BUN, Creatinine, PT and PTT levels. There were significant increases in norepinephrine and cortisol in placebo group postoperatively, compared to preoperative values. At the same time, propacetamol group also showed significant changes in these hormones. Both group revealed high degree of patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Propacetamol showed significant morphine sparing effect to some degree. Side effects were much less in propacetamol group with subsequently high patient satisfaction. The secretion of stress hormone were not blocked by postoperative propacetamol injections. Authors concluded that propacetamol should be considered as an excellent adjuvant analgesics in postoperative pain control in opioid patient controlled analgesia.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2007

Rice is one of the world's staple crops and is a major source of carbohydrate. Rice is exported from several countries, providing a major source of income. There are many documents reporting that rice is a salt-sensitive crop in its developmental stages. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the effective salt-tolerance defense mechanisms in aromatic rice varieties. Pathumthani 1(PT1), Jasmine(KDML105), and Homjan(HJ) aromatic rice varieties were chosen as plant materials. Rice seedlings photoautotrophically grown in-vitro were treated with 0, 85, 171, 256, 342, and 427 mM NaCl in the media. Data, including sodium ion$(Na^+)$ and potassium ion$(K^+)$ accumulation, osmolarity, chlorophyll pigment concentration, and the fresh and dry weights of seedlings were collected after salt-treatment for 5 days. $Na^+$ in salt-stressed seedlings gradually accumulated, while $K^+$ decreased, especially in the 342-427 mM NaCl salt treatments. The $Na^+$ accumulation in both salt-stressed root and leaf tissues was positively related to osmolarity, leading to chlorophyll degradation. In the case of the different rice varieties, the results showed that the HJ variety was identified as being salt-tolerant, maintaining root and shoot osmolarities as well as pigment stabilization when exposed to salt stress or $Na^+$ enrichment in the cells. On the other hand, PT1 and KDML105 varieties were classified as salt-sensitive, determined by chlorophyll degradation using Hierarchical cluster analysis. In conclusion, the HJ-salt tolerant variety should be further utilized as a parental line or genetic resource in breeding programs because of the osmoregulation defensive response to salt-stress.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between symptom severity and neurocognitive factors in traumatic head injury patients. In addition, the effect of frontal lobe damage on these parameters was examined. Methods : We selected 18 patients who had brain damage for the moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (MSTBI) group, and 17 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) without the finding of brain damage for the comparison group. For the evaluation of neurocognitive function, K-WAIS, Rey-Kim Memory Test, K-FENT, WCST, and MMPI-2 were used. Results : The results of the comparison (using the malingering scale) revealed that the values of PDS and PK, which express the severity of symptoms, and the values of the validity scale F, F (B), and F (P) were significantly higher in the overly-expressed group. F (B) in overly-expressed group and PK, Pt, and Sc in the properly-expressed group had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. F (B), S, and Stroop error inhibition in PTSD, and PK, Pt, Sc, and MQ in MSTBI had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. The results of the comparison based on the finding of frontal lobe damage revealed that PDS, EIQ, and MQ ware significantly higher in the group without brain damage. Conclusions : It was revealed that each neurocognitive factor was correlated with the severity of symptoms. There was a decrease in complaints or symptoms reported by the frontal lobe injury group, and this is believed to be due to degenerative change in the personality and emotional functioning of these patients following frontal lobe damage.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2007

Numerous psychological stressors playa role in development of the cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether a combined mental activity with experimental subway noise affects hematological physiology. Fifty-four healthy volunteers were divided group I which underwent subway noise (n=24) and group II which underwent a combined mental activity with subway noise (n=30). Venous blood samples were collected for measuring CBC, prothrombine time (PT), activated partial thromboplastine time (APTT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), D-dimer and high sensitive C-reactive protein (H-CRP) levels before, 50 min of stress task (S-50m) and 60 min of recovery (R-60m). Changed ratios of granulocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte and platelet counts at S-50m and R-60m were higher in group II compared to group I. RBC count and hematocrit level in group I increased whereas those in group II decreased at S-50m. PT, APTT and ESR in the both groups were shortened at R-60m and the decreased ratios were high in group II compared to group I. H-CRP and D-dimer in the both groups were elevated at S-50m and R-60m while the increased ratios in group II were greater than those in group I. These observations imply that a combined mental activity with experimental subway noise may be a stressor which affects hematological physiology.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
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• pp.648-651
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• 2004

Pb0.5Sr0.5TiO3(PST) thin films were deposited on the LaNiO3 (LNO(100))/Si and Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by the alkoxide-based sol-gel method. Structural and dielectric properties of PST thin films for the tunable microwave device applications were investigated. The PST films, which were directly grown on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates showed the random orientation. For the LNO/Si substrates, the PST thin films exhibited highly (100) orientation. Compared with randomly oriented films, the highly (100)-oriented PST thin films showed better dielectric constant, tunability, and figure of merit (FOM). The dielectric constant, tunability, and FOM of the highly (100)-oriented PST thin film increased with increasing annealing temperature due to the decrease in lattice distortion. The differences in dielectric properties may be attributed to the change in the film stress and the in-plane oriented Polar axis depending on the substrate was used. The dielectric constants, dielectric loss and tunability of the PST thin films deposited on the LNO/Si substrates measured at 1 MHz were 483, 0.002, and 60.1%, respectively.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2012

Miniature ultrasonic and tactile sensors on Si substrate have been proposed, fabricated and characterized to detect objects for a dexterous robot. The ultrasonic sensor consists of piezoelectric PZT thin film on a Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$ and/or Si diaphragm fabricated using a micromachining technique; the ultrasonic sensor detects the piezoelectric voltage as an ultrasonic wave. The sensitivity has been enhanced by improving the device structure, and the resonant frequency in the array sensor has been equalized. Position detection has been carried out by using a sensor array with high sensitivity and uniform resonant frequency. The tactile sensor consists of four or three warped cantilevers which have NiCr or $Si:B^+$ piezoresistive layer for stress detection. Normal and shear stresses can be estimated by calculation using resistance changes of the piezoresitive layers on the cantilevers. Gripping state has been identified by using the tactile sensor which is installed on finger of a robot hand, and friction of objects has been measured by slipping the sensor.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.601-610
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• 2022

동애등에는 파리목(Diptera) 동애등에과(Stratiomyidae)에 속한다. 최근에 곤충 산업은 식품, 동물사료 및 환경개선 이점으로 주목받고 있다. 가바 및 멜라토닌은 수면 및 우울증 조절에 관여하며, 가바는 억제성 신경전달물질이며, 유산균에 의해 MSG가 가바로 생체전환되어 합성된다. 본 연구에서는 MSG를 동애등에에 급여하여 가바 생성이 증가된 동애등에 추출물을 사용하였다. 스트레스 및 불면증에 대한 작용은 코르티코스테론에 의해 유도된 ER 스트레스 및 만성 구속 스트레스(CRS)에 노출된 마우스 모델과 마우스에 펜토바르비탈(45 mg/kg)-유도 수면개선에 미치는 메커니즘에 대해 조사하여 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 MSG를 급여하지 않은 동애등에 추출물과 MSG를 급여한 동애등에 추출물을 HPLC-ELSD기기분석을 통해 GABA 피크를 확인한 결과, MSG를 급여한 동애등에 추출물에서만 GABA 피크가 나타남을 확인하였다. 또한, MSG를 급여한 동애등에 물 추출물 및 동애등에 70% 에탄올 추출물이 CORT에 의해 유도된 인산화된 ERK1/2 및 CREB의 하향 조절에 대해 보호함으로써 신경세포 보호 효과가 있을 확인하였다. 동애등에 물 추출물(300 mg/kg)은 CRS-노출된 마우스에서 혈청 코르티코스테론 수치를 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 더 나아가, 동애등에 물 추출물(100 및 300 mg/kg)는 혈청 멜라토닌 증가에 관여하여 펜토바르비탈(45 mg/kg)로 유도된 수면 행동에서 입면시간 감소 및 총 수면 시간을 증가시켰다. 결론적으로, 동애등에 물 추출물은 혈청 코르티코스테론 및 멜라토닌 수치를 조절함으로써 항스트레스 및 수면 향상 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2021

본 연구는 음악치료가 119구급대원(이하 구급대원)의 외상 후 스트레스(post-traumatic stress; PTS) 감소에 미치는 영향과 음악치료 효과의 지속성을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 연구대상은 C지역의 구급대원 42명으로 2019년 11월 25일부터 2020년 3월 1일까지 연구를 진행하였다. 실험군 21명은 매일 2회씩 5일간 총 10회의 음악치료 프로그램을 진행하였다. 프로그램은 음악치료 전문가 2인에 의해 진행되었으며, 각 단계는 즉흥적으로 연주하기, 리듬 창작 활동, 난타, 신체 활동 등 목표에 필요한 중재기법이 적용되었다. 대조군은 실험군의 프로그램 진행과 동일한 시간에 자유로운 휴식(TV시청, 휴대폰게임, 수면, 운동 등)을 취하도록 하였다. 연구 결과 대조군은 음악치료 적용 전과 후의 외상 후 스트레스의 차이가 없었으나, 실험군은 음악치료 적용 전에 비해 직후의 PTS가 크게 감소하였고, 4주 후와 12주 후에는 PTS가 점차적으로 증가하였다(p<.05). 따라서 정기적이고 반복적인 음악치료는 구급대원의 외상 후 스트레스 수준을 경감시킬 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 martensitic (M-NiTi), austenitic (A-NiTi) 및 thermodynamic nickel-titanium wire (T-NiTi)의 물리적 특징과 상전이 정도를 평가하는 것이다. 재료는 $0.016\;{\times}\;0.022$ inch의 M-NiTi (Nitinol Classic, NC), A-NiTi (Optimalloy, OPTI)와 T-NiTi (Neo-Sentalloy, NEO)이었으며, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 3점굽힘실험, X-ray diffraction (XRD), 미세구조 분석을 시행하였으며, ANOVA test로 통계처리하였다. DSC분석 결과 OPTI와 NEO는 heating curve에서 2개의 peak, cooling curve에서 1개의 peak를 보였고, NC는 heating과 cooling curve에서 1개의 넓고 약한 peak를 보였다. Austenite finishing ($A_f$) 온도는 OPTI $19.7^{\circ}C$, NEO $24.6^{\circ}C$, NC $52.4^{\circ}C$였다. 3점굽힘실험 결과 NC, OPTI, NEO 모두 residual deflection을 보였으며, NC와 OPTI의 load range가 NEO보다 컸다. XRD와 미세구조 분석결과 OPTI와 NEO는 Martensite finishing ($M_f$)에서 martensite와 austenite가 섞여 있음이 관찰되었다. NEO와 OPTI는 NC보다 개선된 물리적 특징과 상전이 행태를 보였다. NiTi 호선의 물리적, 온도에 따른 행태는 예상되었던 상전이 정도에 의해 완벽하게 설명되지 않았으며, 그 이유는 복잡한 martensite variants의 존재와 열과 stress에 의해 유도된 독립적인 상전이에 기인한다고 생각된다.