• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2013

To decide on the designation of a tidal-flat Provincial Park, a study area was defined in line with domestic and international case studies of Provincial Parks. A survey on landscape, geology, biota, and cultural resources was conducted in four tidal-flat areas including Bigeum-myeon and Docho-myeon, which are part of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Shinan, Jeollanam-do. To identify areas most suitable to be designated as Provincial Park, a PSR evaluation process was adopted. This has resulted in the selection of the 'Palgupo' area surrounding Bigeum, Docho, Haui, Shinui, Jaeun, Amtae, Palgeum, Anjwa and Jangsan. Also the tidal-flat areas at Aphae-myeon, which are ecologically linked with the Jeungdo Tidal-flat Provincial Park, were included. The selected areas resulting from this study will meet various characteristics of tidal-flat ecosystems including naturalness, ecological network, rarity and eco-cultural diversity. After the tidal-flat Provincial Park has been specified, there is a need to perform a long-term sustainable management plan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.64-73
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to establish the management plannings for the conservation and environmentally friendly use of Korean coastal wetlands. The function, economic value, and the necessity for the conservation of coastal wetlands are described. The current management status, Korean Governmental policies for the use of coastal wetlands, and their problems are surveyed and analysed. The management plannings for the environmentally friendly use of Korean coastal wetlands is suggested as follows: (1) The coastal wetlands need to be divided into 3 different regions based on PSR(Pressure, State, Response) of OECD. (2) Each region should be managed by appropriate management plans which are suggested in Chapter IV of this paper. Finally, in order to realize these management plannings the change of Governmental system and laws are suggested as follows: (1) The change of relevant laws is required. Additionally, each region should managed by proper governmental agencies. (2) The EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment) system should be improved. (3) The participation of regional people should be guaranteed in the decision making processes of the business and other important planning regarding coastal wetlands. (4) The system which primed the ecological value of coastal wetlands should be established.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.369-385
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• 1999

For the growth curve model with arbitrary covariance structure, known as unstructured covariance matrix, the problems of detecting outliers are discussed in this paper. In order to detect outliers in the growth curve model, the likelihood ratio testing statistics in mean shift model is established and its distribution is derived. After we detected outliers in growth curve model, we test homo and/or hetero-geneous covariance matrices using PSR Quasi-Bayes Criterion. For illustration, one numerical example is discussed, which compares between before and after outlier deleting.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1469-1479
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• 2017

Primary-side regulation (PSR) scheme is widely applied in low power applications, such as cell phone chargers, network adapters, and LED drivers. However, the efficiency and standby power requirements have been improved to a high standard due to the new trends of DOE (Department Of Energy) Level VI and COC (Code Of Conduct specifications) V5. The major drawbacks of PSR include poor regulation due to inaccurate feedback and difficulty in acquiring acceptable regulation. A novel adaptive blanking strategy for constant current and constant voltage regulation is proposed in this paper. An accurate model for the sample blanking time related to transformer leakage inductance and the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) parasitic capacitance is established. The proposed strategy can achieve accurate detection for ultra-low standby power. In addition, numerous control factors are analyzed in detail to eliminate the influence of leakage inductance on the loop stability. A dedicated controller integrated circuit (IC) with a power MOSFET is fabricated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Experimental results demonstrated that the prototype based on the proposed IC has excellent performance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.398-398
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• 2019

최근 전 세계적으로 기상이변 현상이 과거에 비해 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 자연재해에 의한 피해도 증가하고 있다. 한국에서 주로 발생하는 자연재해로는 호우, 태풍, 대설 등이 있고 최근 10년(2008~2017) 동안 자연재해 피해액 약 3.4조 중 대설에 의한 피해액은 약 2,200억원으로 전체 자연재해 피해액 중 약 15%를 차지하고 있다. 과거 2014년 경주 리조트에서 폭설로 인해 지붕이 붕괴되어 10명이 사망하고 100여명이 부상당하는 사건이 발생하였고, 2018년 제주도 농가지역의 시설물 및 재배작물이 수십억의 피해를 입게 되는 등 대설로 인한 큰 피해를 입는 사례들이 나타나게 되어 대설피해에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 추세이며 겨울철 주요 자연재해 중 하나로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 취약성 분석을 위해 PSR구조인 압력지수(Pressure), 상태지수(State), 대응지수(Response)로 인자들을 나누고 엔트로피 방법을 이용하여 전라도 지역 41개 시군구를 대상으로 가중치를 산정하였으며 이에 따른 결과 값들로 전라도 지역 41개 시군구에 대한 취약성 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 대설에 취약한 지역들을 순위로 도출해낼 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 도출해낸 결과를 바탕으로 하여 대설에 가장 취약한 지역들을 중심으로 대응 방안을 마련하여 대설에 대비한다면 효과적인 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.392-392
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• 2019

현재 세계적으로, 홍수를 비롯한 자연재해로 인한 피해가 증가하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우, 매년 여름철에 발생하고 있는 장마로 인해 지역 곳곳에 침수피해가 심각해지고 있으며, 이에 대한 피해액 또한 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 또한, 여러 재해의 피해반복과 새롭게 반복되는 건축물 설계로 인해 지형이 바뀌고 있으며, 이로 인해, 기존의 실시된 홍수취약성 분석결과가 현실적으로 반영이 되기 힘든 상태이다. 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 변형된 환경에 맞춰 새로운 홍수취약성 분석을 실시하여 지역의 우선순위를 파악하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라중 인구와 건물밀집도가 가장 높은 서울시 25개 구를 대상지역으로 선정하였으며, 인자들을 Pessure-State-Response (PSR) 구조로 나누었다. 압력지수(PI) 에는 유역면적, 주택 수 등 9개의 인자로, 상태지수(SI)는 연 홍수 피해액 등 4개의 인자로 선정하였으며, 대책지수(RI)의 경우에는 재정자립도, 홍수복구금액등 7개의 인자로 나누었다. 분석방법으로는 의사결정과정에서 발생할 수 있는 불확실성을 정량적으로 반영한 AHP방법과 AHP방법에 Fuzzy이론을 결합한 Fuzzy AHP 방법을 통해 각각의 결과를 비교분석하였다. 그 결과, 3개의 지수 모두 인자들의 지역별 취약순위가 바뀌었다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 홍수 방재 관련 정책 수립 등의 사업 등을 실시할 경우 해당지역에 대한 우선순위를 판단하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.991-1003
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• 2021

Automatic modulation classification is essential in radar emitter identification. We propose a cascade classifier by combining a support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN), considering that noise might be taken as radar signals. First, the SVM distinguishes noise signals by the main ridge slice feature of signals. Second, the complex envelope features of the predicted radar signals are extracted and placed into a designed CNN, where a modulation classification task is performed. Simulation results show that the SVM-CNN can effectively distinguish radar signals from noise. The overall probability of successful recognition (PSR) of modulation is 98.52% at 20 dB and 82.27% at -2 dB with low computation costs. Furthermore, we found that the accuracy of intermediate frequency estimation significantly affects the PSR. This study shows the possibility of training a classifier using complex envelope features. What the proposed CNN has learned can be interpreted as an equivalent matched filter consisting of a series of small filters that can provide different responses determined by envelope features.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.131-148
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• 2023

Lunar permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) never see direct sunlight and are illuminated only by secondary illumination - light reflected from nearby topography. The ShadowCam imaging experiment onboard the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter is acquiring images of these PSRs. We characterize and discuss the nature of secondary illumination for the Shackleton PSR from ShadowCam radiance-calibrated images. We also use modeling to understand the magnitude and direction of the secondary illumination. Results from our analysis highlight the non-homogeneous, dynamic, and complex nature of PSR secondary lighting. Knowledge of the direction of the secondary illumination is crucial for reli-able interpretation of contrasts observed in ShadowCam images. This preliminary analysis of the floor of Shackleton crater from images acquired over multiple secondary illumination conditions does not reveal indications of exposed surface ice, even though temperatures are constantly below 110K.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of fertilizing ability following the morphologically normal sperm ratio in porcine IVF using epididymal sperm The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows: 1. When the penetration rate (PR), polysper my rate (PSR), pronuclei formation (2PNF) and mean number of sperm (MNS) per oocyte were evaluated according to the percentage of morphologically normal epididyrnal sperm at insemination($\leq$lO%, 10~30% and $\geq$50%). the PR and PSR of $\leq$50% group (82.4, 87.4%) were significantly higher than those of other two groups ($\leq$lO%; 29.7%, 22.6% and 10~30%; 20.3, 37.0%) (p<0.01). Also, the 2PNF per examined oocytes was significantly high in $\geq$ 50% group (p<0.01). 2. When the $\geq$50% group in epididymal sperm was adjusted to 100% (5x1$^5$ cells/ml) , the PSR and 2PNF were not different between epididymal sperm (86.7, 35.1%) and frozen-thawed ejaculated sperm (86.0. 39.4%) although the PR in epididymal sperm (79.7%) was significantly lower than that in frozen-thawed ejaculated sperm (95.5%)(p<0.01). 3. Also. when the PR, PSR, 2PNF and MNS of epididymal sperm were evaluated according to the oocyte: sperm ratio (1:6000, 1:6650. 1:7700 and 1: 10000) at insemination. the PR, PSR and MNS were increased as the oocyte:sperm ratio increases. However, this result indicated that the 2PNF was high in the oocyte:sperm ratio (1:6000 and 1:6650). Therefore. these results suggested that when the percentage of morphologically normal epididymal sperm was more than 50. the fertilizing a ability was very similar to that of frozen-thawed ejaculated sperm and that the detailed evalu¬a ation of morphological normality in porcine IVF using epididymal sperm should be prerequisite to obtain the more effective fertilizing ability.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

The COMS(Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite) EPS(Electrical Power Subsystem) is derived from an enhanced Eurostar 3000 version. Eurostar 3000 EpS is fully autonomous operation in nominal conditions or in the event of a failure and provides a high level of reconfigure capability. This paper introduces the COMS EPS preliminary design result. COMS EPS consists of a battery, a solar arrat wing, a PSR(Power Supply Regulator), a PRU(Pyrotechnic Unit), a SDAM(Solar Array Drive Mechanism) and relay and fuse brackets. COMS EPS can offer a bus power capability of 3 kW. The solar array is made of a deployable wing with two panels. One type fo solar cells is selected ad GaAs/Ge triple junction cells. Li-ion battery is base lined with ten series cell module of five cells in parallel. PSR associated to battery and solar array wing generates a power bus fully regulated at 50 V. Power bus os centralized protection and distribution by relay and fuse brackets. PRU provides power for firing actuarors devices. The solar array wing is rotated by the SADM under control of the attitude orbit control subsystem. The control and monitoring of the EPS, especially of the battery, is performed by the PSR in combination with the on-board software.