• 제목/요약/키워드: PSB

검색결과 180건 처리시간 0.03초

Current Understanding of the Mechanism of qE, a Major Component of Non-photochemical Quenching in Green Plants

  • Zulfugarov Ismayil S.;Mishra Sujata R.;Han, Ok-Kyung;Safarova Rena B.;Nath Krishna;Lee, Choon-Hwan
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.175-183
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    • 2005
  • Plants dissipate excess excitation energy from their photosynthetic apparatus by a process called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The major part of NPQ is energy dependent quenching (qE) which is dependent on the thylakoid pH and regulated by xanthophyll cycle carotenoids associated with photosystem (PS) II of higher plants. The acidification of the lumen leads to protonation and thus conformational change of light harvesting complex (LHC) proteins as well as PsbS protein of PSII, which results in the induction of qE. Although physiological importance of qE has been well established, the mechanistic understanding is rather insufficient. However, recent finding of crystal structure of LHCII trimer and identification of qE mutants in higher plants and algae enrich and sharpen our understanding of this process. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the qE mechanism. The nature of quenching sites and components involved in this process, and their contribution and interaction for the generation of qE appeared in the proposed models for the qE mechanism are discussed.

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Determination of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Factors in Onion Plants (Allium cepa L.) Using PCR-RFLP and SNP Markers

  • Cho, Kwang-Soo;Yang, Tae-Jin;Hong, Su-Young;Kwon, Young-Seok;Woo, Jong-Gyu;Park, Hyo-Guen
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.411-417
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    • 2006
  • We have developed a polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) marker that can distinguish male-fertile (N) and male-sterile (S) cytoplasm in onions. The PCR-RFLP marker was located in a chloroplast psbA gene amplicon. Digesting the amplicons from different cytoplasm-containing varieties with the restriction enzyme MspI revealed that N-cytoplasm plants have a functional MspI site (CCGG), whereas the S-cytoplasm plants has a substitution in that site (CTGG), and thus no MspI target. The results obtained using this PCR-RFLP marker to distinguish between cytoplasmic male sterile factors in 35 onion varieties corresponded with those using a CMS-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. Moreover, the PCR-RFLP marker can identify N- ot S-cytoplasms in DNA sample mixtures in which they are in up to a 10-fold minority, indicating that use of the marker has high diagnostic precision. We also demonstrated the usefulness of the SNP detected in the psbA gene for high-throughput discrimination of CMS factors using Real-time PCR and a TaqMan probe assay.

Selaginella subvaginata (Selaginellaceae), a new spikemoss from China

  • Zhang, Xian-Chun;Shalimov, Aleksandr Petrovich;Kang, Jong-Soo;Zhang, Meng-Hua
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.221-232
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    • 2020
  • Selaginella vaginata is a common montane species with broad distribution in China and the Himalaya region, and several species that are morphologically similar to S. vaginata are distributed in Asia. The taxonomic revision of S. vaginata and related species was performed by morphological comparison of leaves, strobili, and spores, and phylogenetic analysis. Based on these results, a new species, S. subvaginata, sp. nov., has been identified. Morphologically, S. subvaginata has intermediate form between S. vaginata and S. repanda, which differs mainly in its main stem being erect, dorsal leaves long-ciliolate on inner margin and outer margin denticulate or with 2-4 cilia at base (long-ciliolate on both inner and outer margins in S. vaginata, denticulate on both inner and outer margins in S. repanda), and acroscopic base of ventral leaves long ciliolate (sparsely long ciliolate in S. vaginata, short ciliolate to denticulate in S. repanda). Moreover, phylogenetic analysis using three chloroplast markers(rbcL, atpI, and psbA) revealed that S. subvaginata is a distinct species among the anisosporophyllous species clade in Selaginellaceae.

한국산 피막이속(Hydrocotyle L.) 식물의 분자계통학적 연구 (Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of Korean Hydrocotyle L.)

  • 최경수;박선주
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.490-497
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    • 2012
  • 한국산 피막이속(Hydrocotyle L.)의 5종과 울릉도에서 새로 발견한 H. sp 그리고 outgroup인 병풀 (Centella asiatica)을 포함하여 총 7분류군을 대상으로 분자계통학적 연구를 수행하여 종의 실체 및 문제점을 검토하고 유연관계를 살펴보았다. 분자계통학적 연구의 marker로는 nrDNA의 ITS 지역과 cpDNA의 trnH-psbA지역을 사용하였다. 한국산 피막이속은 94%의 지지도로 묶였으며, 크게 4개의 분계조를 형성하였다. 선피막이 (H. maritima)와 피막이 (H. sibthorpioides), 제주피막이 (H. yabei)와 큰잎피막이 (H. nepalensis), 큰피막이 (H. ramiflora) 그리고 H. sp가 각각의 분계조를 형성하였다. 그러나 선피막이, 피막이, 제주피막이의 경우 독립된 분계조를 형성하지 않았으며, H. sp의 경우 분자적으로 독립적인 분계조를 형성하고 있어 새로운 종으로써의 가능성을 제시하였다.

Effect of Fungicides on Phosphate Solubilization by Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter ludwigii

  • Walpola, Buddhi Charana;Keum, Mi-Jung;Yoon, Min-Ho
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.112-116
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    • 2013
  • The aim of the present study was to isolate phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and to assess their potential tolerance to fungicides. Out of thirty PSB, two strains Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter ludwigii were selected on the basis of their tolerance to fungicides. Both strains were assessed for their phosphate solubilizing ability using three different fungicides (difenoconazole, fluazinam and streptomycin) each with the concentrations of 0, 1, 2 or 3 times of the recommended rate. Both strains showed increased phosphate solubilization with difenoconazole at 1, 2 and 3 times of the recommended rate as compared to the phosphate solubilization of the control. The phosphate solubilization in Klebsiella oxytoca was recorded as 326, 538, 518 and 481 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ at 0, 1, 2 and 3 times of the recommended rate respectively, whereas in Enterobacter ludwigii it was recorded as 395, 499, 529 and 533 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ respectively at various doses. Based on the present findings, it may be concluded that both strains have the potential to be used as bio-inoculants which can solubilize phosphate even at the higher doses as compared to the recommended rate of fungicides.

Chloroplast genome of the conserved Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae B2015-0044 as genetic barcode

  • Lee, Minjee;Yi, Jae-Sun;Park, Jihye;Lee, Jungho
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.154-158
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    • 2021
  • An endemic endangered species, Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae (Danyang aster) B2015-0044, is cultivated at the Shingu Botanical Garden, which serves as the ex situ conservation institution for this species. In this work, we sequenced the chloroplast genome of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae B2015-0044. We found that the chloroplast (cp) genome of B2015-0044 was 152,457 base pairs(bps) in size: 84,247 bps of large single copy regions(LSC), 25,007 bps of inverted repeats(IRs), and 18,196 bps of small single copy regions. The B2015-0044 cp genome contains 79 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 4 RNA genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 3 pseudogenes. These results were identical to a previously reported cp genome (Park et al., 2017), except for two sites in introns and three in intergenic spacer (IGS) regions. For the intronic differences, we found that clpP.i1 had a 1-bp small simple repeat (SSR) (T) and petD.i had a 3-bp SSR (ATT). We found 1-bp SSRs in the IGSs of trnT_ggu~psbD and psbZ~trnG_gcc, C and A, respectively. The IGS of(ndhF)~rpl32 had a SNP. Based on our results, the cp genome of the A. altaicus var. uchiyamae can be classified into two genotypes, [C]1-[A]12-[T]12-[ATT]4-C and [C]2-[A]11-[T]11-[ATT]2-A.

A simple culture technique of Rhodobacter azotoformans EBN-7 for public use: application to NH4+-N removal in shrimp aquaculture water

  • Cho, Kyoung Sook;Kim, Joong Kyun
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제25권10호
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    • pp.525-536
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    • 2022
  • Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) attract considerable interest as useful microorganisms; nevertheless, a generalized culture technique has not been previously reported owing to difficulty in their cultivation. Therefore, a simple culture technique suitable for public use was investigated. Among the PSB tested, the strain Rhodobacter azotoformans EBN-7 was the most suitable for scale-up production because it showed the highest specific growth rate (0.20 h-1) on basal medium. In scale-up cultivation (500 L), R. azotoformans EBN-7 showed 4.50 × 1010 colony-forming units mL-1 (number of viable cells), dry cell weight of 26.8 g/L, and a specific growth rate of 0.15 h-1. Cultivation using this final culture broth (as seed culture) in a 15 L simple reactor was successful, with maintenance of cell activity evident. For use as seed culture, the maximum allowable preservation period of R. azotoformans EBN-7 at 4℃ was 3 months. When R. azotoformans EBN-7 cultivated in a simple technique was applied to shrimp aquaculture water, NH4+-N was reduced from 0.61 mg/L to 0.24 mg/L (by 60.7%) in 4 days in comparison with the control. Thus, this simple culture technique using R. azotoformans EBN-7 has the potential for a good removal efficiency of NH4+-N, making seed culture easier and suitable for public use.

일반 프라이머를 이용한 PCR의 식품원료 진위 판별에 적용 (Application for Identification of Food Raw Materials by PCR using Universal Primer)

  • 박용춘;진상욱;임지영;김규헌;이재황;조태용;이화정;한상배;이상재;이광호;윤혜성
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.317-324
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 식품원료의 진위여부를 판별하기 위한 시험법으로 일반 프라이머를 이용한 DNA barcode 기법을 도입하였다. 동물성식품원료의 경우 미토콘드리아 DNA 중 cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI) 부위 검출을 위하여 디자인된 프라이머(LCO1490/HCO2198 및 VF2/FISH R2)와 cytochrome b(cyt b) 부위 검출을 위하여 디자인된 프라이머(L14724/H15915)를 사용하였다. 상기 3 종류의 프라이머를 사용하여 가축류 6종(소, 돼지, 염소, 양, 말 및 사슴), 가금류 4종(닭, 오리, 칠면조 및 타조), 어류 7종(명태, 대구, 청대구, 청어, 송어, 다랑어 및 우럭)을 대상으로 PCR 후 전기영동하여 예상되는 PCR 산물의 생성 유무를 확인하였다. 가축류 6종에 대하여는 LCO1490/HCO2198, VF2/FISH R2 및 L14724/H15915 프라이머를 사용한 경우 COI 및 cyt b가 모두 검출되었으며, 가금류 4종은 LCO1490/HCO2198 및 VF2/FISH R2 프라이머를 사용한 경우만 COI이 검출되었다. 또한 어류 7종은 VF2/FISH R2 프라이머를 사용한 경우에만 COI 부위가 검출됨을 확인하였다. 식물의 경우 엽록체 DNA 부위를 이용하여 디자인된 3 종류의 프라이머(trnH/psbA, rpoB 1F/4R 및 rbcL 1F/724R)를 사용하였다. 각각의 프라이머를 이용하여 식물 5종(마늘, 양파, 무, 녹차 및 시금치)에 대하여 실험한 결과 3종류의 프라이머에서 PCR의 산물을 모두 확인하였으며 trnH/psbA 프라이머의 경우 식물 종마다 PCR 산물의 크기는 다르게 검출되었다. 본 연구에서는 17종의 식품원료별 일반 프라이머 및 PCR 조건을 확립하였으며, 생산된 PCR 산물을 대상으로 염기서열을 결정하고 유전자은행에 있는 염기서열과 DB 비교 분석을 통하여 식품에 사용된 원료의 진위여부 판별에 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

한국산 줄바꽃 종집단의 분류학적 연구 (Systematic Study on the Aconitum alboviolaceum Complex (Ranunculaceae) in Korea)

  • 이수랑;박종욱
    • 식물분류학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.477-502
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 Aconitum alboviolaceum Kom. complex에 속하는 6종 중 한국산 4종(A. alboviolaceum, A. longecassidatum, A. pseudolaeve, A. quelpaertense)을 대상으로 형 태 및 주성분분석(Principal Components Analysis)과 엽록체 DNA psbA-trnH IGS, trnL intron 및 tmL-trnF IGS 구간의 분석을 통해 각 분류군의 타당성을 검토하고 그 한계 및 분류학적 위치를 명확히 설정하고자 하였다. 형태분석 결과, 기존에 보고되었던 주요 식별형질에서 형태변이가 종 및 개체군 수준에서 복잡한 형태로 나타났으며 주성분분석 결과 각 분류군들은 종 및 개체군 수준에서 유집 되지 않고 연속적으로 혼합된 양상을 보였다. 염기서열 분석 결과, l0개의 염기치환과 3개의 indel이 관찰되었고, 이를 통해 얻어진 neighbor-joining tree에서 나타난 4개의 그룹은 종 및 개체군을 반영하지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 complex 내 분류군들에 관한 기존의 형태형질에 근거한 분류체계를 지지하지 않으며, 이들 분류군 간의 분류체계에 대한 재고가 필요하다고 본다.

Plastid DNA (psbA-trnH, trnL-F)의 염기서열에 의한 한국산 붓꽃속(Iris L.)의 계통분류학적 연구 (A phylogenetic study of Korean Iris L. based on plastid DNA (psbA-trnH, trnL-F) sequences)

  • 이현정;박선주
    • 식물분류학회지
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.227-235
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    • 2013
  • 한국산 붓꽃속 16종과 1종의 외군을 대상으로 유연관계 및 분류학적 실체를 파악하기 위하여 분자계통학적 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과, 한국산 붓꽃속은 5개의 Clade로 나타났으며, Clade I에는 Series Laevigatae, Tripetalae, Laevigatae, Sibiricae, Clade II에는 Series Ruthenicae, Easatae, Clade III에는 Series Chinensis, Clade IV에는 Series Chinensis, Clade V에는 Series Crossiris, Pumilae, Pardanthopsis로 나타났다. 대청부채, 만주붓꽃, 연미붓꽃은 하나의 단계통을 형성하여 가장 기저부에 위치하였고, 금붓꽃과 노랑붓꽃은 독립적인 분계조를 형성하지 못하여 두 종의 관계가 명확하지 않았다. 연미붓꽃은 Crossiris속의 Crossiris절로 분류체계를 설정하였다. Chinensis계열은 금붓꽃계열(노랑무늬붓꽃, 금붓꽃, 노랑붓꽃)과 각시붓꽃계열(넓은잎각시붓꽃, 각시붓꽃)로 뚜렷히 구분되었다. 붓꽃속은 크게 4아속(Limniris, Crossiris, Iris, Pardanthopsis)으로 나눠지며, Pardanthopsis아속, Iris아속 그리고 Crossiris아속에서 Limniris아속으로 분화되는 경향성을 나타내었다.