• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.244-256
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• 2009

The psoralen-pyrimidine base complexes resulting from interstrand cross-linking through $C_4$-cycloaddition is studied by ab initio and DFT methods. The results indicate that in the case of the molecular complex formation between psoralens and pyrimidine base, the most probable photocycloadditions are 8-MOP< >Thy, Ps< >Cyt and Ps< >Thy. The geometries of photoadducts were optimized at the HF levels and ${\Delta}{G^{\circ}}$ were calculated. The photocycloadduct was inferred to be a C4-cycloaddition product with the stereochemistry of trans-syn 8-MOP< >Thy, trans-anti Ps(3, 4)< >Cyt, trans-anti Ps(12, 13)< >Cyt, trans-syn Ps(3, 4)< >Thy, trans-syn Ps(12, 13)< >Thy, trans-anti Ps(12, 13)< >Ps(12, 13), cis syn, cis anti Thy< >(3, 4)Ps(12, 13)< >Thy.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2005

Eight days grown barley seedlings were treated with dimethipin for 72 hours and then the content of chlorophyll and photosynthetic electron activities of isolated chloroplasts were investigated. At the treatment of 10/sup -5/ M dimethipin the content of chlorophyll was decreased to 33% at 72 hours. Seven days etiolated barley seedlings were exposed to the light while dimethipin was added. At the time of 48 hours' greening chlorophyll content was reduced to 43% at 10/sup -4/M dimethipin and the chlorophyll a/b ratio was increased. In photosynthetic electron transport the activity of PSⅡ+PSⅠ was decreased to 10% at 48 hours and 25% at 72 hours at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. In the treatment of 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin the activity of PSⅡ+PSⅠ, except water splitting system was inhibited to 16% at 48 hours and 27% at 72 hours. The activity of PSⅡ was inhibited to 8% at 24 hours, 13% at 48 hours and 18% at 72 hours at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. The activity of PSⅠ was inhibited to 4% at 24 hours, 8% at 48 hours and 10% at 72 hours at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. In the times of greening of 7 days etiolated barley seedlings the activities of PSⅡ+PSⅠ were reduced to 5, 10, 10 and 11 % at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively, at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. On the other hand, the activity of PSⅡ+PSⅠ except water splitting system, was not inhibited at all incubated hours in 10/sup -4/M dimethipin and there were no clear changes of the activities of PSⅡ and PSⅠ as compared to the control. Therefore, it could be concluded that dimethipin inhibited the photosynthetic electron activity by affecting the function of chloroplast rather than the synthesis of chloroplast and the inhibited function of chloroplast seems to come from the severe decrease of chlorophyll content.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1984

The engines mounted on power-tillers are used as power source in various kinds of works such as plowing, harrowing, transporting, spraying, water pumping and threshing, etc. But the engines have not been used effectively from a standpoint of fuel consumption because of lack of proper power transmission system and lack of understanding of fuel consumption characteristics of the engines. Therefore, this study was attempted to establish proper power transmission system between the power-tiller engines and various implements. In order to accomplish the above objective, firstly, power requirement and pulley sizes for various implements, which are driven by the power-tiller engines, were investigated to find out whether the power transmission system is proper. Secondly, partload variable engine-speed test was conducted for 3 different sizes of diesel engines to measure to specific fuel consumption. Thirdly, the present power transmission systems were analyzed in terms of specific fuel consumption, and proper power transmission systems were suggested for various implements. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Power requirement for each fixed-type implement of power-tiller varied from 1.5 ps to 11 ps according to its type and operating conditions, but generally in the range of 2.5 ps to 7 ps. 2. Each power tiller and implement were equipped with only one size of pully with few exeptions. With the present power transmission systems, the engines can't be utilized effectively in terms of fuel economy. The pulley size of engine or implement should be diversified to provide the optimum engine speed for different implements. 3. For a diesel eninge with the rated power output of 6 ps, the optimum engine speed to minimize specific fuel consumption was 2200 rpm for the power reguirement in the range of 6 ps or more, 1700 rpm in the range of 4 to 6 ps, and 1200 rpm in the range of 4 ps or less. 4. For a diesel engine with the rated power output of 8 ps, the optimum engine speed was 2200 rpm for the power requirement in the range of 7 ps or more, 1700 rpm in the range of 4.8 to 7 ps, and 1200 rpm in the range of 4.8 ps or less. 5. For a diesel engine with the rated power output of 10 ps, the optimum engine speed was 2200 rpm for the power requirement in the range of 8.4 ps or more, 1700 rpm in the range of 5.4 ps to 8.4 ps, and 1200 rpm in thr range of 5.4 ps or less. 6. Provided the existing implements are dirven by 8 ps diesel engines, the optimum size of engine pulley should be larger than 120mm for the works of requiring less than 4 ps and 90-110mm for the works requiring 4.5-6.5 ps in order to minimize fuel consumption.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 1990

In order to characterize the chloroplasts of Korean ginseng as a semi-shade plant and radish as a sun plant, effects of growth light intensity on photosynthetic electron transport (PS) activity in chloroplasts and superoxide (O2.-) production in thylakoid membrane by irradiation were investigated. High-light chloroplasts of both plants showed higher PS activities than those grown under ow growth light intensity. High PS II and low PS I activities in ginseng chloroplasts (ratio of PS II/PS I : 1.1) were observed, but radish chloroplasts showed low PS II and high PS I activities (ratio of PS II/PS I : 0.3). PS II activity of both plants was little affected by temperature in range of 15-35$^{\circ}C$. Activities of whole -chain (PS II+I) in ginseng and PS I in radish were increased at high temperature (4$0^{\circ}C$). Preincubation of chloroplasts at 4$0^{\circ}C$ during 30 min, as a mild heat stress, caused rapid decrease in PS II and PS II+I activities of both plants. However PS I activity was not decreased in ginseng and rather increased in radish. O2.- production (NBT reduction) in Mehler reaction in the thylakoid membrane was inhibited by DCMU in both plants. DMBIB inhibited O2.- production in ginseng, but radish was insensitive to DMBIB. Electron flow system in ginseng thylakoid membrane was more susceptible to damage of photooxidation than that of radish.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8479-8482
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• 2014

Performance status (PS) is a key factor in the selection of treatment in head and neck cancer patients (HNC). There is a probability in the development of an unfavorable PS with HNC advancing stages. This retrospective study was done on data of patients registered during the period from January 2010 to December 2012 at a cancer registry in the North Eastern India. PS was recorded according to the WHO scale. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the probability of poor performance status with advancing stage. Out of 3,593 patients, there were 78.9% (2,836) males and 21.1% (757) females. Average PS0 was seen in 57.4% of all HNCs, less than 1% of all cases in HNCs with poor PS3-4 except in cases with thyroid, parotid and nose and PNS cancers, 0.7% stage IV (${\pm}M1$) HNC with PS4, favorable PS0-1 was seen in 84% to 100% of cases, RR=57.1 (CI=21.2-154.1) in M1 for PS4 and with advancing stages the probability of worsening of PS0 to PS4 was 3 times (P=0.021, 95% CI= 1.187-8.474). In HNC, the majority of patients presents with a favorable PS0-1 with different odds of worsening of PS with advancing stages and the presence of metastasis in stage IV is significantly associated with a poor PS.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 1998

An analysis of 87 stroke Patients who were enrolled in 7 hospitals in cities of Pusan, Taegu, Kumi, and Andong from January 1 to May 31, 1998 was conducted using the modified Barthel Index(BI) and the adapted PULSES profile index(PS) to evaluate their function. Patients were examined at the following intervals : Initial assessment, one month after initial, at discharge, and ore month after discharge. The mean BI score of patients initial assessment was 26.32. and that of PS was 17.34. There were statistically significant between initial score and one month after initial (16.61 : p<0.001), at discharge(33.51 : p<0,001), one month after discharge(43,56 : p<0.001). PS scores were also improved significantly(-2.1, -3. 94, and -5.52(p<0.001), and BI score between discharge and one month after discharge wag significant improvement(10.06 : p <0.001) and in PS score(-1,57 : p<0.001). Age and BI scone were significantly associated with the improved in BI score between initial and discharge (T3-T1)(p<0.05). Below age forty and the lower initial BI score showed significantly higher improvement(T3-T1) after physical therapy(p<0.05). Initial BI score, BI score at discharge, and religion were significantly associated with the improvement of BI score between initial and one month after discharge(T4-T1)(p<0.05). The lower initial BI score, the high. BI score at discharge, and the religious showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T1)(p<0.05). BI score at discharge and religion were significantly associated with the improvement of BI score between at discharge and one month after discharge(T4-T3)(p<0.05). The lower BI score at discharge, the religious showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T3)(p<0.05) Initial PS score were significantly associated with the improved in PS score between initial and discharge(T3-T1)(p<0.05). The higher initial PS score showed significantly hier improvement(T3-T1)(p<0.05). Initial PS score, Bi score at discharge, and patient's attitude for physical therapy after discharge were significantly associated with the improvement of PS score between initial and one month after discharge(T4- T1)(p <0.05). The higher initial PS scorer the lower PS score at discharge, patient's positive attitude for physical therapy after discharge showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T1)(p<0.05). PS score at discharge, Patient's attitude for Physical therapy after discharge were significantly associated with the improvement of PS score between discharge and one month after discharge(T4-T3)(p<0.05). The higher PS score at discharge, patient's positive attitude for physical therapy after discharge showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T3)(p<0.05). In conclusion, Initial BI score, BI score at discharge, age, and religion were significantly associated with BI score improvement. initial PS score, BI score discharge, and patient's attitude for physical therapy after discharge were significantly associated with PS score improvement in stroke patients.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.273-283
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• 1996

A cation-exchange membranes were prepared by polystyrene and poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate). The degree of crosslinking of polystyrene membranes was controlled by DVB. At the same time, the structure of PS membranes was changed from RO to MF by varying the concentration of PSS in the casting solution. Water flux increased with PS-PSS membranes due to the sulfonate groups, and final membrane cast from the solution containing 5% of DVB and 3% of PSS showed MF structure.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1260-1264
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• 2005

Three new quaternary tantalum thiophosphates, $K_{0.18}TaPS_6,\;K_{0.28}TaPS_6,\;and\;Rb_{0.09}TaPS_6$ have been synthesized by using reactive alkali metal halide fluxes and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The crystal structures of $K_{0.18}TaPS_6,\;K_{0.28}TaPS_6,\;and\;Rb_{0.09}TaPS_6$ contain 3-dimensional open framework anions, $[TaPS_6]^{x-}$(x = 0.09, 0.18, 0.28) with the empty channel which disordered alkali metal cations, $K^+\;and\;Rb^+$ are located in. Crystal data: $K_{0.18}TaPS_6$, tetragonal, space group$I4_1$/acd (no. 142), a=15.874(3) $\AA$, c=13.146(4) $\AA$, V=3312.7(12) ${\AA}^3$, K, Z=16, R1=0.0545. Crystal data: $K_{0.28}TaPS_6$, tetragonal, space group $I4_1$/acd (no. 142), a=15.880(2) $\AA$, c=13.134(3) $\AA$, V=3312.1(10) ${\AA}^3$, Z=16, R1=0.0562. Crystal data: $Rb_{0.09}TaPS_6$, tetragonal, space group I41/acd (no. 142), a=15.893(3) $\AA$, c=13.163(4) $\AA$, V=3324.7(15) ${\AA}^3$, Z=16, R1=0.0432.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.12-18
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• 2000

In order to artificially reduce the quinclorac residue in aqueous solution and soil, six potential photosensitizers were screened for their effectiveness in enhancing the photodegradation. The degraded amount of quinclorac in distilled water by sunlight was minor compared to that in the dark, indicating that there was little direct photolysis. The photodegradation ratio of quinclorac in methanol was 40.3%. Whereas, the ratios in the presence of photosensitizers PS-1 (aromatic ketone), PS-3 (polycyclic quinone), and PS-6 (inorganic semiconductor) were 96.6, 72.7, and 95.7%, respectively, showing the most photosensitizing effects. In sand, PS-3 was more effective than any other photosensitizer PS-1 (19.6%), PS-3 (64.1%) and PS-6 ($17.9{\sim}19.4%$). five photoproducts of quinclorac in methanol were identified by GC-MS and quinclorac added with the photosensitizer PS-1 gave three photoproducts. Photoproducts with an aldehyde group formed in methanol were confirmed by the reduction of sodium 3,5-dinitrosalicylate in the Lindsay's method. E. crus-galli war. oryzicola was not controlled by the quinclorac residues photodegraded at tile concentrations higher than 30 ppm of the photosensitizer PS-3 in a flooded rice paddy soil. These results indicate that the quinclorac residues in aqueous solution and soil can be degraded efficiently by tile photosensitizers PS-1, PS-3, and PS-6.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.179-185
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• 1981

Facultative psychrophilic bacteria utilizing SDBS (Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate) as their carbon source were isolated in the Han River. All of these isolated faculatative psychrophilic bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas spp. The growth and biodegradation rates of Ps.fluorescens LP6, Ps. fluorescens LS6 and Ps. putida LC1 among 8 identified facultative psychrophilic bacteria were investigated with spectrophotometer. The specific growth rates of these three facultative psychrophilic bacteria at $25^{\circ}C$ were higher than those at any other temperatures. However, the final cell yields were the highest for cells grown at $5^{\circ}C$. The biodegradation of SDBS by Ps. fluorescens LP 6 was started at the stationary phase of cells. The biodegradation rate of SDBS by Ps. fluorescens LP6 was the highest when the cells were cultured at $25^{\circ}C$.