• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.67-83
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• 2023

Purpose: The beauty market is growing rapidly and becoming more competitive as new shops enter the market and offer similar products and services. The way for industries such as beauty shops to succeed in market competition is to understand customer needs and provide a marketing mix appropriate for those needs. Research design, data, and methodology: The survey was conducted for a total of 4 days from October 4 to October 7, 2023, and a total of 2,431 copies were distributed and 463 copies were returned. Excluding 2 copies with insincere responses, 461 copies were used for analysis. The data were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 and SamrtPLS 4.0. Result: Product, price, promotion, people, and physical evidence influence perceived value, but place and process didn't. Product, process, and physical evidence influence reputation, but price, location, promotion, and people didn't. Perceived value influences revisit intention but did not reputation. Reputation influences revisit intention. Conclusions: First, beauty shops must develop beauty services that can satisfy customers' needs. Second, beauty shops must continue to invest in external facilities and interior design. Third, intangible service processes can help the beauty shop's reputation. Fourth, beauty shops need to maintain a balance between price and perceived value so that customers can be satisfied with the service experience.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2015

Wi-Fi Direct allows battery powered mobile devices to form a wireless ad hoc network. Since one member of the network called Group Owner (GO) takes the role of managing the network, the network lifetime is mainly affected by the energy efficiency of GO. Hence, Wi-Fi Direct defines power saving schemes that allow GO to save the energy by turning off its radio interface during the periods called absence periods. However, the Wi-Fi Direct specification does not specify how to set parameters (denoted by PS parameters) determining the schedule of the absence periods. In this paper, we therefore propose a novel traffic-aware power saving scheme for Wi-Fi Direct networks. In particular, the proposed scheme estimates the application-level traffic load and adaptively tunes the PS parameters according to the estimated value.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 1981

As the fuel oil cost covers from 45% to 60% of the total expenditure for fishing boat operation, the energy saving is now an urgent problem to be taken a countermeasure for engineers, manufacturers or specialists engaging in this field. Undertaking a second-hand engine of the trainging ship, the author made several reconstructions to restore its performances. By inserting foot linears of connecting rods the compression ratio was increased and by adjusting both the fuel injection timing and the cooling water outlet temperature, its thermal efficiency was improved. The results of the experimental operation were summarized as follows. 1. By raising the piston top position 0.75mm more than the value of the operating manual, the compression pressure increased 1.3 kg/$cm^2$ and the maximum pressure did 3.4 kg/$cm^2$ at 75% load. 2. At 75% load, the difference of the maximum pressure between each cylinder was decreased from 2.4 kg/$cm^2$ to 1.8 kg/$cm^2$. 3. The fuel consumption was decreased about 8 g/ps.h at 75% load, and about 5.3 g/ps.h at 85% load. 4. The brake thermal efficiency was improved about 1.5% at 75% load and 0.9% at 85% load.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1947-1953
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• 2006

There have been a number of studies of methods for recycling animal wastewater to provide new bioresources. In the present work, a marine algal culture medium, designated KEP II, was prepared by adding swine waste (3% v/v) fermented by soil bacteria to a dilution of f/2 culture medium (CT). When Phaeodactylum tricornutum was grown in batch culture in KEP II, the cells lasted long at the exponential phase producing the specific growth rate and biomass; the production of total amino acids and secondary metabolites rose up to 5-fold. It also substantially enhanced the maximum quantum yield of photo system (PS) II of P. tricornutum, greatly increased the level of thylakoid membranes containing PS, and stimulated the production of pyrenoids, including enzymes for $CO_2$ fixation in chloroplasts. KEP II should improve the cost efficiency of industrial mass batch cultures and the value of microalgae for long-term preservation of fresh aquaculture feed as well as production of anticancer and antioxidant agents. Specifically, a low-cost medium for growing the diatoms of aquaculture feed will be economically advantageous.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 1996

The structure of the scale formed on the surface of Fe - Cr - X alloys exposed to 1143K high sulfidation($Ps_2$ = 1.11$\times$$10^-7$ atm, $Po_2$ = 3.11$\times$$10^-20$ atm) or sulfidation/oxidation(($Ps_2$= 1.06$\times$$10^-7$ atm, ($Po_2$ = 3.11$\times$$10^-18$ atm) environment has been observed and analysed using XRD, SEM/EDS. To investigate the possibility of protective film formed on the surface of the alloys, Aluminium, Nickel were selected as alloying elements. Thermodynamic phase stability diagram was used to predict the reaction path of scale formed on Fe - Cr - X alloys. Parabolic rate constant($K_p$) value with 6wt% Al in Fe - 25Cr alloy decreased significantly compared with the Fe - 25Cr alloy without 6wt% Al. Since thin layer of defect free sulfide film, (Al, Cr)Sx, was formed at the alloy/scale interface. Fe - rich sulfide scale at outer layer and Cr - rich sulfide scale containing porosity at inner layer of Fe - 25Cr alloy have been observed. The reaction path for these scales could be predicted by the thermodynamic stability diagram.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2011

Dependencies of dielectric properties on $MgTa_2O_6$, $MgNb_2O_6$, and $MgWO_4$ (Mg-based ceramics) fillers of the polystyrene (PS) matrix composites were investigated as a function of frequency. With increasing frequency from 1 GHz to 7.3 GHz, the dielectric constant (K) of the composites was not changed significantly, while the dielectric loss (tan${\delta}$) of the composites was slightly decreased. The K, tan${\delta}$, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) of the composites were dependent on the type and amount of ceramics at 11 GHz. Also, several theoretical models have been employed to predict the effective dielectric constant of the composites and the results were compared with experimental data. Typically, a K value of 6.67, tan${\delta}$ of $0.56{\times}10^{-3}$, and TCF of -4.99 $ppm/^{\circ}C$ were obtained for the PS composites with 0.4 volume fraction of $MgNb_2O_6$ at 11 GHz.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.567-574
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• 2016

We propose a highly birefringent and dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber based on a double line defect core. Using a finite element method (FEM) with a perfectly matched layer (PML), it is demonstrated that it is possible to obtain broadband large negative dispersion of about -400 to -427 ps/(nm.km) covering all optical communication bands (from O to U band) and to achieve the dispersion coefficient of -425 ps/(nm.km) at 1.55μm. In addition, the highest birefringence of the proposed PCF at 1.55 μm is 1.92 × 10^-2 and the value of birefringence from the wavelength of 1.26 to 1.8 μm (covering O to U bands) is about 1.8 × 10^-2 to 1.92 × 10^-2. It is confirmed that from the simulation results, the confinement loss of the proposed PCF is always less than 10^-3 dB/km at 1.55 μm with seven fiber rings of air holes in the cladding.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.8-18
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• 1984

To investigate the most important factors affecting the mobility of power tiller and to find the method which can be used for predicting the mobility of power tiller in soft paddy field, a series of field experiment was performed with two models of power tiller (8ps and 6ps diesel). From the results obtained throughout field experiment, the following conclusions were derived. 1. The wheel sinkage of power tiller during both traveling and field operations, which mainly influence the mobility, could be predicted from both plate ($50{\times}100mm$) sinkage and soil cone index (30-degree cone with 2 and $6cm^2$ base area). 2. Prediction of wheel sinkage from the rectangular plate sinkage was found to be more suitable compared with the cone index. 3. The upper limit of rectangular plate sinkage was found as 15 centimeter for operation of power tiller in muddy field which is equivalent of $1kg/cm^2$ of $2cm^2$ cone index value.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2001

Micelle formation and adsorption at the $Ti0_{2}$ interface of a series of polystyrene-polythylene oxide(PS-PEO) block copolymer in aqueous solution was studied using fluorescence probing and small-angle X-ray methods. Further, the stability of aqueous $Ti0_{2}$ dispersion in the presence of copolymer was investigated by microelectrophoresis, optical density and sedimentation measurements. The dissolution of pyrene as fluorescent probe in aqueous surfactant solution leads to a slow decrease of the $I_{1}/I_{3}$ ratio, as the copolymer concentration increase; $I_{1}$ and $I_{3}$ are respectively the intensities of the first and third vibrionic peaks in the pyrene fluorescence emission. The behaviour was due to the characteristics of the copolymers and/or to the copolymer association efficiency in water. Moreover, the adsorption at the plateau level increases with decreasing PEO until chain length. The zeta potential of $TiO_{2}$ particles decreases with increasing copolymer concentration and reaches a plateau value. Finally, stabilization using block copolymers was more effective with samples having higher weight fractions of PS block.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2012

In this study, the stability of cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction of C. obtusa leaf extract was evaluated. The pH, viscosity, and absorbance were measured under the 4 different temperatures (4, 25, 37 and $45^{\circ}C$) and under the sun light during the 12 weeks. The control cream without containing the extract did not show pH change under the different temperatures mentioned above. However, the pH of the cream with the extract was decreased 0.11 at $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. Under the $37^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$ and sun light condition, the pH was decreased 0.55, 0.84 and 0.59, respectively. After treating the cream for 12 weeks under the different temperatures, the viscosity was measured for the cream containing the extract and control cream. The values were decreased by 2,404 cPs in average compared to the initial value for the former and control cream were decreased by 1,296 cPs in average for the latter. On the other hand, the viscosity of control cream treated under the $45^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks was decreased (1,915 cPs) relative to the cream containing the extract, which showed 3,810 cPs decrease in viscosity. The cream containing the extract did not show absorbance change at $4^{\circ}C{\sim}37^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. Instead, the absorbance of the cream treated under $45^{\circ}C$ and sun light condition was decreased 32.5 % and 35.2 %, respectively. This decrease in absorbance is relatively small compared to the 54.8 % decrease of the extract sampled from the cream using ethanol solution. This indicates that the extract is stabilized in the cream. In addition, any change in color or smell was not observed through 12 weeks of the experimental time period. Also physical changes as creaming and cohesion were not shown. The results show that the cream containing C. obtusa leaf extract was relatively stable. However, it is concluded that it is still not clear in the stability of the cream containing the extract when it is stored for a long time. Accordingly, it is suggested that further study is needed for the application of the extract to cosmetics.