• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.243-260
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper aims to investigate the properties of crude oil based derivative security (DLS) focusing on step-down type for comprehensive understanding of its risk. Design/methodology/approach - Kernel estimation is conducted to figure out statistical feature of the process of oil price. We simulate oil price paths based on kernel estimation results and derive probabilities of hitting the barrier and early redemption. Findings - The amount of issuance for crude oil based DLS is relatively low when base prices are below $40 while it is high when base prices are around $60 or $100, which is not consistent with kernel estimation results showing that oil futures prices tend to revert toward $46.14 and the mean-reverting speed is faster as oil price is lower. The analysis based on simulated oil price paths reveals that probability of early redemption is below 50% for DLS with high base prices and the ratio of the probability of early redemption to the probability of hitting barrier is remarkably low compared to the case for DLS with low base prices, as the chance of early redemption is deferred. Research implications or Originality - Empirical results imply that the level of the base price is a crucial factor of the risk for DLS, thus introducing a time-varying knock-in barrier, which is similar to adjust the base price, merits consideration to enhance protection for DLS investors.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.329-339
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• 2022

Recently, as personal information has been used as data, various new industries have been discovered, but cases of personal information leakage and misuse have occurred one after another due to insufficient systematic management system establishment. In addition, services that use personal information anonymously and anonymously have emerged since the enforcement of the Data 3 Act in August 2020, but personal information issues have arisen due to insufficient alias processing, safety measures for alias information processing, and insufficient hate expression. Therefore, this study proposed a new PbD principle that can be applied to the pseudonym information life cycle based on the Privacy by Design (PbD) principle proposed by Ann Cavoukian [1] of Canada to safely utilize personal information. In addition, the significance of the proposed method was confirmed through a survey of 30 experts related to personal information protection.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.239-247
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• 2022

Maintaining and expanding brand equity is regarded as an essential component of brand development. Effective management of brand equity leads to more opportunities for brand extension and the ability to draw in more customers. Brand equity, in particular, has a positive impact on consumer purchase intention. The purpose of this study is to look into the relationships between brand equity and consumption intention from the perspective of Vietnamese customers of India's COVID-19 vaccine products. Primary data is aggregated from 475 Vietnamese citizens with different occupations and backgrounds 18 years of age or older. The findings of the study show that consumption intention is positively inspired by brand equity, including brand association and brand quality. If consumers perceive high brand equity, it will have a higher impact on promoting consumption intention to the brand. India's COVID-19 vaccine needs to invest more in building brand equity in the Vietnamese market if it wants to increase the consumption choices of Vietnamese people. To create a good brand association and brand quality for India's COVID-19 vaccine, it is necessary to focus on communicating the good properties of the Indian-made vaccine such as safe, high protective effect, high immunity and protection, and long duration of immunity of vaccines.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.293-302
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the problems and improvement plans of grouphome management, by analyzing the sizes and items of children grouphome budgets of national and local governments. Major results of this study were as follows. First, the most crucial issue regarding labor costs within child grouphome budget, was that there was a significant difference in conditions between workers in similar institutions and regions. Small-sized institutions operated under a system that inevitably required excessive workload for workers, leading to exhaustion. Second, the support of operation expenses was absolutely insufficient to meet the general and special needs of children, and the relative differences between facilities of the same type were also identified. Third, children grouphome had limitations in stable business planing and implementation due to the absence of business expense support. Through this analysis, this paper discussed appropriate budget supporting measures regarding children grouphome, in order to ensure equal protection of grouphome children.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2022

The national defense requires uninterrupted decision-making, even under direct or indirect impacts on non-traditional threats such as infectious diseases. Since all work utilizes the information system, it is very important to ensure the availability of the information system. In particular, in terms of security management, defense work is being performed by dividing the network into a national defense network and a commercial Internet network. This study suggests a work execution plan that takes into account the efficiency of work performed on the Internet and the effectiveness of security through effective defense information system operation. It is necessary to minimize the network contact point between the national defense network and the commercial Internet, and to select a high-priority one among various tasks and operate it efficiently. For this purpose, actual cases were investigated for "A" institution and characteristics were presented. Through the targeted tasks and operation plans to improve the effectiveness of defense tasks and ensure security, presented in this paper, it will be possible to increase the availability of task performance even in non-traditional threats such as infectious diseases.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2022

Background: In this study, we investigated the changes and factors that affect daily health behaviors due to COVID-19 among adolescents. We intend to provide basic data so that a systematic and comprehensive health education program that includes physical and oral health can be made. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis of the from the 2019 and 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. A final sample of 112,251 participants was anlayzed using chi-square test, and ordinal logistic regression. Results: In the case of tooth brushing, the frequency of 'never' increased in most general characteristics compared to before COVID-19. In the case of handwashing, it was found that handwashing behavior increased (increased) after COVID-19 compared to before COVID-19. As a result of confirming the factors affecting tooth brushing behavior before and after COVID-19, it was found that girls brushed teeth 2.2 times more regularly after lunch than boys. As a result of adjusting all other factors, regular tooth brushing behavior after COVID-19 was reduced by 0.79 times compared to before COVID-19. Conclusion: It is judged that it is necessary to operate a comprehensive health management program in the school so that the most basic tooth brushing for oral health and handwashing for health can become a habit. In addition, by confirming the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on handwashing and tooth brushing behavior through this study, it is expected to be used in the development of policy data such as raising awareness of brushing and improving behaviors applicable in the current and upcoming new pandemic situations.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.47-58
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• 2022

Digital content is difficult to distinguish between the original and the replica due to its nature. For this reason, NFT technology using blockchain technology is attracting attention because it can guarantee the proof and scarcity of the original digital content. However, the NFT buyer does not own the copyright to the digital content, but the ownership. In particular, since the minting process of issuing NFTs is possible for anyone, there is a copyright threat to the copyright holder. In this study, we propose a verification protocol based on DID for the process of issuing and transacting NFTs for copyright protection of copyright holders' digital contents. As a research method, the problems of research cases related to digital contents were analyzed and the safety was comparatively analyzed. NFT issuance can only be issued by copyright holders whose identity has been verified through DID, and only users who have completed authentication can participate in the transaction to prevent indiscriminate theft and use of digital content and form a safe and transparent transaction market.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.381-389
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of perceived stress on the relationships between adult anxious attachment and smartphone addiction. To examine the relationships among variables, SPSS program and Amos program were utilized to analyze with 272 college students (male 132, female 139). The present study found a partial mediation effect of perceived stress in the relationship between anxious attachment and smatphone addiction. The result of this study implys that anxious attachment influences cognitive process and the perceived stress may precipitate smartphone addiction. This finding can contribute to the field by enlarging the depth of knowledge about risk factor affecting psychological health (i.e., smartphone addiction) of college students who are "in the beginning of adulthood period" in their lifespan. Current finding may help to providing the protection and treatment of smartphone addiction of college students and help to promote the psychological health of college students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.211-220
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• 2022

This paper proposes a green closed-loop supply chain network (GCSN) for optimizing closed-loop supply chains. The GCSN focuses on the application of the recycling express box in logistics circulation, accelerates the standardization of logistics operations and the use of express packaging in e-commerce companies, and promotes the reduction and greening of recycling express box in the e-commerce industry. The GCSN is represented as a mathematical formulation and implemented using LINGO. Greening, environmental protection, and wisdom are the general trends for promoting the growth of the e-commerce industry. Meanwhile, the price of raw materials has increased owing to a shortage of resources, which emphasizes the need for e-commerce enterprises to develop green packaging. Therefore, this study considers the shared circular packaging launched by e-commerce enterprises as the research object, and integrates the problem of facility positioning and path planning in the logistics system. The conclusion summarizes the significance of this study.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to determine the experiences of the disaster response team 9 participants who participated in the disaster after the fire incident occurred in Jecheon Sports Center and their meaning and essence. Methods : Nine disaster response teams were the subjects of the study, and Individual in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were collected online between January 6 and April 30, 2021, from the software Zoom^TM. This study was conducted as a qualitative study by applying Giorgi's phenomenological experiential research method, which has an advantage in revealing the essential structure and meaning of experience. Results : Three major themes were derived from the study results: the stimulus through unfamiliar experiences, the grievances due to work environment and regional characteristics, and dullness resulting from hiding and enduring. The following 17 sub-themes were identified: learning through unfamiliar experiences, frustration due to unexpected circumstances, shock from unfamiliar experiences, doing my best in the present, confidence due to increased experience, disunified system, intervention of various interests, the atmosphere that puts responsibility on others, inactive help, unforgettable regional characteristics, working without time to settle, tolerating it in my own way, memories left in the unconsciousness, sudden suffering from memories that come to mind, movement in anxiety and tension, dullness, work with colleagues in the same situation. Conclusion : This study is meaningful in that it attempted to provide basic data in preparing a long-term strategy for effective policy direction and institutional protection based on the systematic mental health management of the disaster response team. Additionally, this study's results can be used as primary data for future research among Disaster Response Team.