• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this case report is to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) for unilateral motor disturbance of the hand after cerebral infarction. Methods: One patient with unilateral motor disturbance of the hand following cerebral infarction (right basal ganglion and corona radiata) was treated with acupuncture, herbal medication, and electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) once daily from June 30, 2016 to July 4, 2016. We evaluated improvement using the Box and Block Test (BTT) and 10-seconds Test, including the Finger Individual Movement Test (FIMT), the Hand Pronation and Supination Test (HPST), and the Finger Tapping Test (FTT). Results: After five days of treatment, increase of FIMT and FTT scores was observed after electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9). However, no increase was observed in BBT or HPST scores. Conclusions: This study suggests that electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) can help treat motor disturbance of the hand after cerebral infarction.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

Objectives : To evaluate the foot indices using dynamic and static checking on healthy adult people. Methods : Foot indices analysis was performed for 46 students. Static checking practiced for Foot Pressure(FP) and Toe Pressure Difference(TPD) and dynamic checking was used for Vertical Axis Angle(VAA). Results : On gender, there was generally no statical significant difference, except RFP(Right Foot Pressure). The RFP of male was bigger than that of female. On age, in addition, there was similar tendency, only RFP had a positive correlation (r=0.35, p<0.05). Comparing foot indices on right and left, we found TPD and VAA had a tendency of pronation on left, but FP had a opposite tendency. On consistency of each foot index, discrepancy between TPD and VAA (39.47%) was lesser than combination of the others. Conclusions : According to foot indices among 46 healthy student, we found out that there is partially correlation between dynamic and static checking. We hope that the data we found will contribute to standardization of podiatry indices which provide medical guidance for cure of foot disease, supporting further podiatry research.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2017

Background: Previous studies of radial nerve conduction study (NCS) did not present how to measure the length of the radial nerve across the elbow, and did not even mention how to manage the spiral course of the nerve. This study aimed to applicate the most reliable method to measure the length of the radial nerve during NCS. Methods: Three points (A, B, and C) were determined along the relatively straight course of the radial nerve. The distance was measured using three different methods: L1) straight distance corresponding to the A-C distance, L2) sum of the distances corresponding to the A-B-C distance, L3) based on the L2, but the elbow is flexed at a $45^{\circ}$ angle. We compared the three methods of distance measurement and the calculated nerve conduction velocities (V1, V2, and V3) in normal healthy subjects. Results: 19 normal participants were enrolled. The mean value for method L1, L2 and L3 were $22.5{\pm}1.8cm$, $24.0{\pm}2.1cm$, and $23.2{\pm}2.1cm$ (p < 0.001). Calculated conduction velocities using those distance measurement methods as follows (p < 0.001): V1 ($60.9{\pm}2.7m/s$), V2 ($64.6{\pm}3.3m/s$), and V3 ($63.4{\pm}3.9m/s$). V2 was significantly greater than V1 and V3 (p < 0.001, p = 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: The distance measurement using a stopover point near the lateral epicondyle between two stimulus points in position of a fully extended elbow with forearm pronation is the most appropriate posture for radial motor NCS.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2013

Purpose: In previous study, the frequency of osteoarthritis and discomfort were high in ankle fracture-dislocation but detail results about ankle fracture-dislocation has rarely been investigated. In this study, we retrospectively analyze the outcome of the operative treatment of ankle fracture with dislocation for over-2 years follow up. Materials and Methods: There were 47 cases of ankle fracture-dislocation in our hospital from March 2007 to May 2010. We investigated 20 patients who underwent operation and were possible for over-2 years follow up. The result was estimated with the direction of dislocation, fracture type, the time of bone union and post-traumatic osteoarthritis with plain radiologic images. In clinical assessment, we statistically evaluated the function and pain through AOFAS score and Olerud & Molander scoring system. Results: By Lauge-Hansen classification, there were 13 cases(65%) of pronation-external rotation and 6 cases(30%) of supination-external rotation, 1 case(5%) of supination-adduction. AOFAS score was 85.5, and Olerud & Molander score was "excellent" in 8 cases, "good" in 5 cases, "fair" in 3 cases and "poor" in 4 cases. Postoperative complications in 4 cases revealed post-traumatic arthritis. All kinds of lateral dislocation of ankle fracture was 15 cases and the most common. Of these, all 3 cases, anterolateral dislocation showed post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Conclusion: In ankle fracture-dislocation, post-traumatic osteoarthritis occurred in 4 of 20 patient(20%). Especially, the possibility of post-traumatic osteoarthritis was more in cases of anterolateral or lateral dislocation. So, it must be needed that deliberate examination, for example, preoperative MRI and sufficient explanation to patient. Also, we have to follow up the patients carefully.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The imbalance of pretibial muscles can be a factor contributing to the development of pes planus. However, no study has yet compared the muscle activity of the tibials anterior (TA) to that of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the electromyographic (EMG) TA and EDL amplitude indexes (AIs) between normal and pes planus feet. METHODS: A total of 14 subjects with normal feet and 15 subjects with bilateral pes planus participated in this study. TA and EDL muscle activities were measured using a wireless EMG system and the angles of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion of the subtalar joint were measured using a universal goniometer during active ankle dorsiflexion in the prone position. AI was calculated as follows: $\text{amplitude_{TA}-amplitude_{EDL}/(amplitude_{TA}+amplitude_{EDL})}/2{\times}100$. RESULTS: The AIs of the TA and EDL were significantly lower in pes planus feet than in normal feet (p<.05). The angle of subtalar eversion was significantly greater in pes planus feet than in normal feet during active ankle dorsiflexon (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in the angle of ankle dorsiflexion between normal feet and pes planus feet (p>.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that TA muscle activation was lower in pes planus feet than in normal feet, resulting from greater eversion range of motion during active ankle dorsiflexion. We suggest that the imbalance of ankle dorsiflexors must be considered in pes planus management.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1775-1778
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical difference of barefoot and two types taekwondo footwear. which will provide scientific data to coaches and players, to further prevent injuries and to improve each players skills. How to an effect on human body which studied a kinematics and kinetics from 8 college students during experiments. This study imposes several conditions by barefoot and two types of taekwondo footwear ran under average $3.82{\pm}0.59$ m/sec for kinetics analysis. The result of comparative analysis can be summarized as below. Friction coefficient analysis showed A Company shoes 0.60 and M Company shoes 0.61. Ground reaction force also showed that statically approximates other results from impact peak timing (p<0.001), Maximum loading rate (p<0.001), Maximum loading rate timing (p<0.001) and impulse of first 20 percent (p<0.001). Moment was M Company shoes bigger than A Company shoes to pronation moment and supination moment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1391-1398
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• 2011

Biomechanical analysis of arm motion during steering was performed using a motion analysis technique. Three-dimensional position data for each part of arm are fed into an interactive model combining a musculoskeletal arm model and the mechanical steering system to calculate joint angles and torques using inverse kinematic and dynamic analyses, respectively. The analysis shows that elbow pronation/supination, wrist flexion/extension, shoulder adduction/abduction, and shoulder flexion/extension have significant magnitudes. Sensitivity analysis of the arm joint motion with respect to seating posture and steering wheel configuration is carried out to investigate the qualitative influence of the seating posture and driver's seat configuration on the steering behavior.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2014

A 25-month-old boy was referred to the hospital due to large head detected on routine physical examination. At visit, dysmorphic facial appearances, including broad nose, prominent forehead, and coarse face, were noted. Nasal obstruction with nasal voice, prominent adenoids, and bilateral middle ear effusions were detected. His abdomen was distended, and liver and spleen were palpated about 3 finger and 2 finger breadths, respectively. He was operated for bilateral inguinal hernias. The motion of both elbow joints was mildly limited on supination and pronation. Urinary level of glycosaminoglycan was elevated and the enzyme activity of iduronate sulfatase in leukocytes was decreased. The mutational analysis of the gene iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) revealed c.263G>A (p.Arg88His) mutation. His developmental scale showed delayed development and there was cardiac valvular involvement (tricuspid regurgitation and mitral valve prolapse). After the diagnosis of Hunter syndrome, enzyme replacement therapy started on a weekly basis without progression of any clinical features. Here we report a case of early diagnosed Hunter syndrome detected by large head on routine examination. Thus, it is important to associate Hunter syndrome in the patient with large head especially, if there is the history of bilateral inguinal hernia and prominent adenoids to increase the possibility of early diagnosis and treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.873-887
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• 2013

The axis of rotation in biomechanics is a major tool to investigate joint function; therefore, many methods to estimate the axis of rotation have been developed. However, there exist several problems to describe, estimate, and test the axis statistically. The axis is directional data(axial data) and it should not be analyzed with traditional statistics. A proper comparative method should be considered to compare axis estimating methods for the same given data ANOVA (analysis of variance) is a frequently used statistical method to compare treatment means in experimental designs. In case of the axial data response assumed to come from Watson distribution, there are a few ANOVA method options. This study constructed ANOVA models for within-subjects designs of axial data. Two models (one within-subjects factor and two within-subjects factors crossed design) were considered. The empirical data used in this study were instantaneous axes of rotation of flexion/extension at the knee joint and the flexion/extension and pronation/supination at the elbow joint. The results of this study can be further applied to the various analysis of experimental designs.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to compare electromyography activity for long and lateral heads of triceps brachii muscle according to forearm positions during different triceps strengthening exercises. The muscle activities for long and lateral head of triceps brachii were measured by surface electromyography. Fifteen healthy volunteers participated for this study and performed elbow extension in three different elbow extension exercises (elbow extension in a supine position; EES, elbow extension with shoulder abduction at 90 degrees in a prone position; EESA, and elbow extension with one arm at the side of the trunk in a prone position; EESP) and forearm positions (supination, neutral, and pronation). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the effects of the exercise positions and forearm positions. The EMG activities of the long head of the triceps brachii increased significantly during EESP with forearm supination, whereas the activity of the lateral head of the triceps brachii increased significantly during EESA with the forearm in a neutral position (p<.05). The results of this study suggest that exercise positions and forearm positions should be considered for selectively strengthening the long and lateral heads of triceps brachii muscles.