• 제목/요약/키워드: PPi

검색결과 304건 처리시간 0.035초

침투성 코팅 처리된 벽면 주위의 벽 압력 특성 (Characteristics of Wall Pressure over Wall with Permeable Coating)

  • 송우석;신승열;이승배
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제36권11호
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    • pp.1055-1063
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    • 2012
  • 16채널 어레이 마이크로폰을 이용하여 난류 유동장 내 벽면 압력섭동에 대한 측정을 수행하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 코팅재질은 약 50 ppi (pores per inch)의 다공성 구조로 이루어진 우레탄 물질로 이루어져 있다. 코팅의 주된 목적은 난류 유동장 내 최소한의 공간을 유지하면서 대류속도로 진행하는 난류 와들을 필터링하는 역할을 하는 것이다. 평판 위 경계층의 측정은 열선 유속계를 이용하였으며 표면 마찰계수 값을 얻기위해 CPM법을 사용하였다. 벽압력 스펙트럼과 파수-주파수 스펙트럼 측정은 코팅에 의해 얼마나 에너지가 저감되는 지를 비교하기 위해 사용되었다. 벽면 코팅은 대류하는 무차원 벽면섭동압력에너지를 저감시켰지만, 컴플라이언트 코팅된 벽면 거칠기로 인해 일반 강체 평판에 비해 상대적으로 발달된 경계층을 형성하였으며 벽면 평균전단응력과 저주파수 압력스펙트럼 레벨도 함께 증가하였다.

후두 접촉성 육아종의 수술적 치료 (Surgical treatment of laryngeal contact granuloma)

  • 유병준;타오정;이동원;송창면;지용배;태경
    • 대한두경부종양학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.23-27
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    • 2017
  • Background and Objectives: Gastric acid reflux is known to be the most important cause of contact granuloma. Therefore, anti-gastric acid reflux medication has been used as the first line treatment although there are other treatment methods such as surgery or steroid injections. Actually, the role of surgery in the treatment of contact granuloma has not been established clearly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment for contact granuloma. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 14 patients who were diagnosed with contact granuloma and treated with surgery from 2011 to July 2016 at Hanyang University hospital. Results: Of 14 patients, 9 (64.3%) were male and 5 (27.4%) were female. The mean age was 53.8 (${\pm}6.1$) years. The main symptoms were voice change followed by globus, dyspnea, and asymptomatic. Mean Reflux Finding Score (RFS) before surgery was 13.5 and mead Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) was 10.4. The causes of surgery were inadequate response to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in 4 cases, airway obstruction with large granuloma in 8 cases, and differential diagnosis in 2 cases. Of 14 patients, recurrence occurred in 8 (53.3%) patients after surgery. In 8 recurrent cases, 5 patients showed complete remission and 3 patients showed partial remission with PPI medication. Conclusion: The role of surgery in the treatment of contact granuloma might be limited due to high recurrence rate.

감자 정아 동결보존과정에서 AFP 처리 시 저온관련 유전자의 발현양상 (Expression pattern of low-temperature-related genes by the treatment of AFP in the cryopreservation of potato shoot tips)

  • 서지향;전수민;;한증술;박인환;김창길
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.478-483
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    • 2017
  • 기내배양한 감자에 1일, 2일, 3일간 저온처리 후 저온관련 유전자의 발현양상을 조사하였다. 저온 처리 기간이 늘어날수록 PPI1, CI21B유전자의 발현양은 증가하였고, CBF4, CI21A 유전자의 발현양은 감소하였다. 또한 CI21A와 CI21B유전자의 잎, 줄기, 괴경에서 명 처리와 암 처리 기간별로 저온 처리기간에 따른 유전자의 발현의 차이를 보았다. 이에 근거하여 감자 정아의 동결과정 중에서 LS단계와 PVS2 단계에서 AFP를 농도별로 처리하였다. 그 결과, 저온처리 기간이 늘었을 때의 유전자 발현양상과 AFP 특정 농도에서의 발현 양상이 동일하였다. LS단계에서는 1,500 ng/ml AFP 처리와, PVS2단계에서 500 ng/ml AFP 처리가 감자 정아의 초저온동결보존에 효과적이라는 것을 유전자의 발현 양상으로 확인하였다.

카르복시메틸화된 폴리아민-폴리우레아 수지관에 의한 3가와 6가 크롬의 분리 (Separation of Chromium(III) and Chromium(VI) by Carboxymethylated Polyamine-Polyurea Resin Column)

  • 정용순;이강우;황종연;이용문
    • 분석과학
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.205-211
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    • 1994
  • 아세트산과 숙신산이 결합된 폴리아민-폴리우레아(CPPI와 SAPPI) 수지는 폴리에틸렌이민-폴리메틸렌폴리페닐렌 이소시안에이트(PPI) 고분자와 클로로 아세트산 또는 클로로 숙신산의 반응으로 각각 합성되었다. 이 수지들은 적외선 분광광도법 및 원소분석법으로 구조를 확인하였다. 이 수지들에 대한 3가와 6가 크롬의 흡착특성은 용액의 pH를 변화시키면서 뱃치법에 의하여 분포계수($K_d$)를 측정하여 조사하였다. 3가와 6가 크롬은 이온교환반응으로 폴리아민-폴리우레아 수지에 흡착되는 것으로 생각되었다. 이들의 최적 분리조건을 발견하고, 단지 pH를 변화시키는 단계적 용리법에 의하여 이들의 SAPPI 수지관(내경 0.6cm, 길이 10cm)으로 분리하였다. 또한 6가 크롬은 CPPI 수지관에 의하여 50배의 농축인자로 농축할 수 있다.

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양성자 펌프 억제제 투여로 악화된 과증식 위용종 1예 (A Case of Aggravated Hyperplastic Gastric Polyps after Treatment with Long-term Proton Pump Inhibitors)

  • 김호태;박종완;엄석현;곽태영;황홍석;김영성;곽동협;김정희
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.141-144
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    • 2013
  • Hyperplastic gastric polyps (HPPs) are the most common type of gastric polyps. They are assumed to be caused by chronic inflammation and regenerative proliferation, although this has not been clearly investigated yet. Many studies suggested the development of fundic gland polyps and carcinoid during long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, but the relationship between PPIs and HPPs is still unclear. We encountered a patient who showed aggravation of HPPs after long-term use of PPIs. A 58-year-old male patient with liver cirrhosis visited our hospital because of hematemesis. We started PPI medication after confirming esophageal variceal bleeding and duodenal ulcer with blood clot in its base via emergency endoscopy. He took PPIs for three years because of an intractable duodenal ulcer. There was a marked increase in the size of the pre-existing polyps and in the development of new polyps. We presumed that the PPIs caused the aggravation of the HPPs, so we stopped their administration. After five months, the HPPs shrank and the polyps were partially degraded. More prospective studies are needed to investigate the relationship between HPPs and PPIs.

인후두역류질환 (Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease, LPRD)에서 Rabeprazole Sodium($Pariet^{\circledR}$)의 임상효과 (The clinical effects of rabeprazole sodium($Pariet^{\circledR}$) in the treatment of Layngopharyngeal Reflux)

  • 최홍식;최현승;김한수
    • 대한기관식도과학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2003
  • Although there is a wide range of diseases caused by gastric acid reflux and the number of cases is on the rise, it is difficult for the laryngologist to make the correct diagnosis. The treatment for laryngopharyngeal reflux can be grouped into 3 categories - changes in lifestyle, medication, and surgery. The medication used to treat laryngopharyngeal reflux are prokinetic agents and acid supressive agents such as antacids, H2 blockers, and PPIs(Proton pump inhibitor). Rabeprazole sodium($Pariet^{\circledR}$) is a newly developed agent belonging to the PPI group, but in contrast with the existing drugs such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, has a low dependency on CYP2C19 during the metabolic cycle. Thus, it is known to have a quick but fixed antiacid effect and less individual differences. We analyzed 2166 patients from 32 hospitals who were prescribed $Pariet^{\circledR}$ from May, 2001 to April, 2002. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the duration of treatment - Group 1: 1-14 days, Group 2: 15-28 days, group 3: 29-56 days, Group 4: more than 56 days. The cases were then analyzed for improvement of 8 symptoms(heart bum, regurgitation, chronic cough, hoarseness, globus sensation, chronic throat clearing, sore throat, and dysphagia), improvement on laryngoscope, usefulness to the doctor, and complication development. Of the total of 2116 patients, 1627(75.1%) cases showed at least 50% improvement of symptoms and the amount of improvement increased according to the duration of medical treatment. Most of the patients showed objective improvement on the laryngoscope, with 32.9% showing significant improvement and 38.7% showing moderate improvement. 37.6% of the doctors questioned replied that $Pariet^{\circledR}$ was very useful and 50.3% said it was useful, showing that most were satisfied with the treatment results. The complications known to develop after taking PPI are headache, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, dizziness, fatigue, and of these, only a small percentage of the patients complained of mild headache. $Pariet^{\circledR}$ has shown to be a relatively safe and effective drug for the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux.

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PPG(Photoplethysmography)분석을 이용한 각성도 평가에 관한 연구 (A Study on Evaluation of Human Arousal Level using PPG Analysis)

  • 김치중;황민철;김종화;우진철;김용우;김지혜
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.113-120
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    • 2010
  • This research is to evaluate the arousal level by using cardiovascular response. PPG was used in this study as one of the method of measuring it rather than ECG (Electrocardiography) for the purpose of solving ergonomic problem of sensing. The participants were in the age group of 20 (mean=24, standard deviation=1.25): five men and five women. Each experiment composed with four identical sets. First, a black screen was displayed for 30 second rest. Then, the prepared 6 pair images were randomly presented for 10 second stimulation and for 30 second non-stimulation. PPG was measured on the earlobes of experimenters at 200Hz sampling frequency. PPG amplitude, PPI(Pulse to Pulse Interval), and PRV(Pulse Rate Variability) were analyzed according to arousal level. T-test was performed to compare between the PPG variables of rest and relaxation, rest and arousal, and relaxation and arousal. Relative to the rest state, PPG amplitude decreased in relaxed state and increased in aroused state. Relative to the rest state, PPI decreased in both emotional states. However, more significant decline was observed in aroused state. PRV's LF and HF were used in the form of LF/HF to compare between the relaxed and the aroused state. Therefore, PPG signal showed significant differences between relaxed and aroused state. In conclusion, evaluation of human arousal level used in the PPG analysis demonstrated that PPG has better usability and comforter measurement than ECG and is clearly an alternative method of measuring arousal level.

Efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng Supplementation on Eradication Rate and Gastric Volatile Sulfur Compound Levels after Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy

  • Lee, So-Jung;Park, Ji-Young;Choi, Ki-Seok;Ock, Chan-Young;Hong, Kyung-Sook;Kim, Yoon-Jae;Chung, Jun-Won;Hahm, Ki-Baik
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.122-131
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    • 2010
  • This clinical study was performed to evaluate whether supplementation of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy with Korean red ginseng can enhance Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication and reduce levels of halitosis-associated volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the stomach. Seventy-six patients were randomized into an eradication regimen-only group (n=45) or an eradication regimen plus 10 weeks of Korean red ginseng supplementation group (n=31). The eradication regimen consisted of PPI b.i.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d., and amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d.. for seven days. Korean red ginseng supplementation commenced on the last day of the eradication regimen. $^{13}C$-urea breath test and halimeter measurements were performed prior to protocol repetition. By intention-to-treat analysis, the H. pylori eradication rate in the Korean red ginseng group (77.4%, 24 of 31) was higher than that in the control group (45.0%, 26 of 45). However, by per protocol analysis, the eradication rate in the Korean red ginseng group was significantly higher than that in the control group (92.3%, 24/26 vs. 69.4%, 26/38; p<0.05). H. pylori infection was significantly associated with increased VSC levels. However, VSC levels decreased significantly in the Korean red ginseng group (p<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of triple therapy with Korean red ginseng increased the H. pylori eradication rate and led to significant reductions in VSC levels, suggesting the usefulness of this substance in combating H. pylori infection.

Mining Proteins Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Complex Networks

  • Liu, Ying;Liu, Chuan-Xia;Wu, Zhong-Ting;Ge, Lin;Zhou, Hong-Mei
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권8호
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    • pp.4621-4625
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network related to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Each protein was ranked and those most associated with OSCC were mined within the network. First, OSCC-related genes were retrieved from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. Then they were mapped to their protein identifiers and a seed set of proteins was built. The seed proteins were expanded using the nearest neighbor expansion method to construct a PPI network through the Online Predicated Human Interaction Database (OPHID). The network was verified to be statistically significant, the score of each protein was evaluated by algorithm, then the OSCC-related proteins were ranked. 38 OSCC related seed proteins were expanded to 750 protein pairs. A protein-protein interaction nerwork was then constructed and the 30 top-ranked proteins listed. The four highest-scoring seed proteins were SMAD4, CTNNB1, HRAS, NOTCH1, and four non-seed proteins P53, EP300, SMAD3, SRC were mined using the nearest neighbor expansion method. The methods shown here may facilitate the discovery of important OSCC proteins and guide medical researchers in further pertinent studies.

Identification and Functional Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Metastatic Osteosarcoma

  • Niu, Feng;Zhao, Song;Xu, Chang-Yan;Chen, Lin;Ye, Long;Bi, Gui-Bin;Tian, Gang;Gong, Ping;Nie, Tian-Hong
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권24호
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    • pp.10797-10801
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    • 2015
  • Background: To explore the molecular mechanisms of metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) by using the microarray expression profiles of metastatic and non-metastatic OS samples. Materials and Methods: The gene expression profile GSE37552 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 2 human metastatic OS cell line models and 2 two non-metastatic OS cell line models. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Multtest package in R language. In addition, functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed by WebGestalt, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by Hitpredict, then the signal pathways of the genes involved in the networks were performed by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) automatic annotation server (KAAS). Results: A total of 237 genes were classified as DEGs in metastatic OS. The most significant up- and down-regulated genes were A2M (alpha-2-macroglobulin) and BCAN (brevican). The DEGs were significantly related to the response to hormone stimulus, and the PPI network of A2M contained IL1B (interleukin), LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor). Furthermore, the MAPK signaling pathway and focal adhesion were significantly enriched. Conclusions: A2M and its interactive proteins, such as IL1B, LRP1 and PDGF may be candidate target molecules to monitor, diagnose and treat metastatic OS. The response to hormone stimulus, MAPK signaling pathway and focal adhesion may play important roles in metastatic OS.