• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.80-90
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• 2019

Even though Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) is used for data storage, a page table should be built to access data in it. And this observation leads us to the Persistent Page Table (PPT) scheme that keeps the page table in NVM persistently. By the way, processors have different page table structures and really operational page table cannot be built without virtual and physical addresses of NVM. However, those addresses are determined dynamically when NVM storage is attached to the system. Thus, the PPT should have system-independent and also address-independent structure and really working system-dependent page table should be built from the PPT. Moreover, entries of PPT should be updated atomically and, in this paper, we describe the design of PPT that meets those requirements. And we investigate how file systems can decrease the journaling overhead with the swap operation, which is a new operation created by the PPT. We modified the Ext4 file system in Linux and experiments conducted with Filebench workloads show that the swap operation enhances file system performance up to 60%.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2004

과학기술위성 1호(STSAT-1)는 위성의 자세를 제어하기 위하여 Reaction Wheel Assembly(RWA)를 적용하였으며, 위성의 무게중심에 Wheel의 회전수에 비례하는 관성모멘트를 발생시켜 자세를 제어하였다. 과학기술위성 2호(STSAT-2)는 과학기술위성 1호에 적용하였던 반작용휠(RWA)과 펄스형태로 동작시켜 위성의 자세 및 궤도제어를 위하여 요구하는 추력을 얻을 수 있는 펄스형 전기 추진시스템(Pulsed Plasma Thruster: PPT)이 탑재된다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.189-191
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• 2005

전국매립지 중 수도권, 울산, 대구 세 매립지의 침출수를 채수하여 Photobacterium을 이용한 독성 test와 Yeast Two-hybride Based Assay을 이용하여 에스트로겐성을 측정하였다. 독성도 값은 대구에서 145로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 에스트로겐성은 울산이 hER 3.2ppt, mER 210ppt로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 채수지점 모두 industrial hormones에 반응성이 좋은 mER 값이 높게 나타났다. 특히 대구지점은 독성도 값은 높으나 에스트로겐성은 낮은 값을 나타내는 것으로 보아 호르몬 영향을 억제하는 antangonist chemicaldml 존재 가능성이 시사된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.859-860
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• 2009

현재 Powerpoint는 팀 프로젝트에도 불구하고 PPT파일을 혼자서 만들고 수정해야 하면서 한 사람이 많은 시간을 소비해야한다. 또는 여러 명이서 각각의 페이지를 따로 만들고 한 사람이 각자가 만든 페이지를 받아 하나의 파일로 합쳐야하는데 이 방법은 비효율성과 불편함이 존재한다. 따라서 하나의 PPT파일을 여러 명이서 동시에 접속하여 각자의 페이지를 만들면서 시간도 절약하고 불편함과 비효율성을 제거하기 위하여 이 프로그램을 제안한다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.196-201
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• 2017

Objective: Musculoskeletal neck pain have many symptoms which include decreased range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength, and increased pain. However, the management methods are controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three interventions on ROM, strength, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) with musculoskeletal neck pain. Design: Pretest-posttest design. Methods: Thirty subjects participated in this experiment. They were randomly assigned to thefollowing groups: passive stretching (PS) group (n=10), massage (MASS) group (n=10), and muscle energy technique (MET) group (n=10). The treatment were applied bilaterally on the upper trapezius. The PS was applied 3 times for 30 seconds each time. The MASS was applied using two different techniques for 2 minutes per technique. For MET, the subjects performed 2 sets of 3 repetitions of isometric resistance exercise that was maintained for 10 seconds, followed by 10 seconds of rest. ROM, strength, and PPT parameters were measured after intervention. Results: In the MASS group, there was a significant improvement in all outcomes except for muscle strength (p<0.05). In the MET group, ROM and strength significantly improved compared to the pre-treatment results (p<0.05). As result of measuring the amount of change in each group, there was a significant difference in ROM (flexion) in the PS group compared with the MASS and MET group, a significant difference in strength in the MET group compared with the PS and MASS groups, and a significant difference in PPT in the MASS groups compared with the PS and MET groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that PS, MASS, and MET are effective methods for improving ROM, strength, and PPT for musculoskeletal neck pain. Therefore, various therapeutic interventions for improving ROM, strength, and pain are suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

Background: The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Push-up plus exercise with kinesio taping on the pain and shoulder motor function in patient with shoulder myofacial pain syndrome. Methods: The patients with myofacial pain syndrome were randomly divided 2 groups. kinesio taping group (n=20) was taken physical therapy program and kinesio taping. Push-up plus exercise with taping group (n=22) was taken physical therapy and kinesio taping with Push-up plus exercise. The kinesio taping applied on upper trapezius and levator scapulae. The Push-up plus exercise performed in standing position and qudripad position during 10 seconds on 15 time, 3 set per each positions. We mearsured the pain degree using PPT, VAS, MPSSI and shoulder motor function using CSA before and after experiment. The significant test of PPT, VAS, MPSSI, CSA according to applying the kinesio taping and Push-up plus exercise between groups used ANCOVA. Results: In the result following analysis, there was significance on PPT (F=7.378, p=.016), VAS (F=13.071, p=.031), CSA (F=5.302, p=.026) between kinesio taping group and Push-up plus exercise with tapping group. Then, Push-up plus exercise with kinesio taping group has significance on the PPT, VAS, CSA in patients with myofacial pain syndrome. Conclusions: It may suggest that kinesio taping combined with Push-up plus exercise will be helpful of the pain and shoulder function improvement in the patients with myofacial pain syndrome.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2015

Rejection of ionic solutes by reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes is controlled mainly by electrochemical interaction as well as pore size, but it is very difficult to directly evaluate such electrochemical interaction. In this work, we used an inverse HPLC method to investigate the interaction between ionic solutes and poly (m- phenylenediaminetrimesoyl) (PPT), a polymer similar to the skin layer of polyamide RO and NF membranes. Silica gel particles coated with PPT were used as the stationary phase, and aqueous solutions of the ionic solutes were used as the mobile phase. Chromatographs obtained for the ionic solutes showed features typical of exclusion chromatographs: the ionic solutes were eluted faster than water (mobile phase), and the exclusion intensity of the ionic solute decreased with increasing solute concentration, asymptotically approaching a minimum value. The charge density of PPT was estimated to be ca. 0.007 mol/L. On the basis of minimum exclusion intensity, the exclusion distances between a salt and neutralized PPT was examined, and the following average values were obtained: 0.49 nm for 1:1 salts, 0.57 nm for 2:1 salts, 0.60 nm for 1:2 salts, and 0.66 nm for 2:2 salts. However, $NaAsO_2$ and $H_3BO_3$, which are dissolved at neutral pH in their undissociated forms, were not excluded.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 2018

Aglycon protopanaxatriol (APPT) has valuable pharmacological effects such as memory enhancement and tumor inhibition. ${\beta}$-Glycosidase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Dictyoglomus turgidum (DT-bgl) hydrolyzes the glucose residues linked to APPT, but not other glycoside residues. ${\beta}$-Glycosidase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Pyrococcus furiosus (PF-bgl) hydrolyzes the outer sugar at C-6 but not the inner glucose at C-6 or the glucose at C-20. Thus, the combined use of DT-bgl and PF-bgl is expected to increase the biotransformation of PPT-type ginsenosides to APPT. We optimized the ratio of PF-bgl to DT-bgl, the concentrations of substrate and enzyme, and the reaction time to increase the biotransformation of ginsenoside Re and PPT-type ginsenosides in Panax ginseng leaf extract to APPT. DT-bgl combined with PF-bgl converted 1.0 mg/ml PPT-type ginsenosides in ginseng leaf extract to 0.58 mg/ml APPT without other ginsenosides, with a molar conversion of 100%. We achieved the complete biotransformation of ginsenoside Re and PPT-type ginsenosides in ginseng leaf extract to APPT by the combined use of two ${\beta}$-glycosidases, suggesting that discarded ginseng leaves can be used as a source of the valuable ginsenoside APPT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative production of APPT using ginsenoside Re, and we report the highest concentration and productivity of APPT from ginseng extract to date.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of experimenter gender on pain report as well as the sex differences in pain threshold and pain tolerance. Cold pressor test and pressure pain threshold (PPT) test were performed on forty dental students by both of a male and a female experimenter separately with 1 day interval. The obtained results were as follows : There were no differences in pain threshold and pain tolerance between males and females when they were examined by the same gender experimenter in the cold pressor test, but when they were examined by the opposite gender experimenter the pain threshold of males was significantly higher than females. When the pain threshold was measured by the same gender experimenter, using a algometer, there was no differences in PPT between males and females. However, when the same measurements were done by the opposite gender experimenter, the PPT of males was significantly higher than females at anterior temporalis and inferior masseter. For cold pressor test, females tended to report lower levels of pain threshold and pain tolerance to a male experimenter than a female, but the differences were not significant. Although both pain threshold and pain tolerance were increased when males were examined by a female experimenter in the cold pressor test, the statistical significance was found only in pain tolerance. When subjects were examined by the opposite gender experimenter in the PPT text, females reported significantly higher levels of pain at inferior masseter and males reported significantly lower levels of pain at anterior temporalis and inferior masseter.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 1996

The effect of temperature ($24\~36^{\circ}C$ and salinities ($5\~30$ ppt) on hatching rate of the resting egg of the Korean rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis was investigated. The highest hatching rate of the resting egg was $85.7\%$ at $28^{\circ}C$ and 15 ppt. The hatching rates of the resting eggs with salinities were not significant at $326{\circ}C$ and $36^{\circ}C$. Hatching was faster at higher temperature. The resting eggs stored at $5^{\circ}C$ in dark hatched simultaneously within two days, however, those at $28^{\circ}C$ in dark hatched intermittently within 14 days. But, final hatching rate of the resting egg at $28^{\circ}C$ was higher at $28^{\circ}C$ than that at $5^{\circ}C$. With regard to drying temperature and time of resting egg, the resting egg dried at $30^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour showed the highest hatching rate ($46.4\%$).