• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2015

A controlled atmosphere (CA) regimen was optimized during 3 consecutive harvest seasons as the basis of practical modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) storage for quality maintenance and extension of storage potential of fresh Ligularia fischeri leaves. Leaves were harvested in April or May and forced-air cooled to $4^{\circ}C$ before punch-hole MAP (control, where gas concentrations were same as air) and CA treatments. CA regimens adjusted stepwise during 3 experimental years were: 1 and 3% $O_2$, respectively combined with 5 and 10% $CO_2$ in the first year, 3% $O_2$ fixed in combination with 0, 2.5, and 5% $CO_2$ in the second year, and 3% $O_2$ fixed in combination with 2.5 and 5% $CO_2$ in the third year. In the first year, higher incidence of black discoloration was observed with the reduction of respiration under 10% $CO_2$ CA conditions regardless of $O_2$ levels at 1 or 3%. In the second and third year, the incidence of the disorder seemed not to be clearly relevant to CA conditions showing slightly higher incidence only after 4- or 5-week storage + 5-day shelf life. Although texture and appearance quality were maintained better under the 3% $O_2$ + 2.5% $CO_2$condition after 4-week storage + 5-day shelf life, effects of CA on the extension of storage period was slight. Overall results indicated that Ligularia fischeri leaves are very susceptible to $CO_2$ injury. $CO_2$ concentration should be adjusted below 2.5% for safe and effective CA or MAP storage to maintain quality even during short-term storage.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2014

The purpose of this document is to provide basic data helpful in selecting seating device material by examining the affects of polyurethane foam material on seating pressure. In order to achieve this study objective, four seats, 6cm in height, were produced in hardness of: 13, 28, 25, and $45kg/cm^2$. To measure the sitting pressure distribution (depending on the characteristics of the produced seats), 10 healthy subjects participated in the experiment. XSENSOR was used a measuring device, and each seat was mounted on a wheelchair simulation. By analyzing the obtained data with Average Pressure(AP), Peak Pressure(PP,), and Contact Area(CA), the sitting pressure was measured for five minutes on each seat. This experiment showed the following results: There were significant differences between the AP, PP, and CA in the seat material (p<0.5). While the hardness of $18kg/cm^2$ showed low pressure, the hardness of $45kg/cm^2$ showed high pressure. This study also showed that seat material made of polyurethane should be considered when selecting seats. If polyurethane foam is used in seat recommendations, it will be recommended to use $18kg/cm^2$ for the proper hardness of the seat material.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2000

A novel serine/threonine protein phosphatase with EF-hand motif, which belongs to PPEF family was partially cloned from rat brain cDNA by employing RT-PCR method. The size of the amplified clone was 1.6kbp. The amplified DNA was subcloned into pGEM-T-Easy vector and the resulting plasmid was maned as pGEM-rPPEF2. The nucleuotide sequence is shared by 88% with that of mouse PPEF-2 cDNA, and the deduced amino acid sequence reveal 92% homology with that of mouse PPEF-2 cDNA. The N-terminal region of the cloned rat brain PPEF contains a putative phosphatase catalytic domain (PP domain) and the C-terminal region contains multiple $Ca^{2+}$ binding sites (EF region). The putative catalytic domin (PP) and the EF-hand motif (EF) regions were subcloned into pGEX4T-1 and were overexpressed in E. coli DH5 as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins. Expression of the desired fusion protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and also by immunoblot analysis using monoclonal antibody against GST. The recombinant proteins were purified by glutathione-agarose chromatography. This report is first to demonstrate the cloning of PPEF family from rat brain tissues. The clone reported here would be invaluable for the investigation of the role of this new type-phosphatase in rat brain.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.410-415
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• 2013

Adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 are important in the infiltration of leukocytes into the site of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of curcumin on ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesiveness as well as its underlying action mechanism in the TNF-${\alpha}$-stimulated keratinocytes. Curcumin induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. In addition, curcumin induced Nrf2 activation in dose- and time-dependent manners in the HaCaT cells. Curcumin suppressed TNF-${\alpha}$-induced ICAM-1 expression and subsequent monocyte adhesion, which were reversed by the addition of tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), a specific inhibitor of HO-1, or HO-1 knockdown using siRNA. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown using siRNA reversed the inhibitory effect of curcumin on the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced ICAM-1 expression and adhesion of monocytes to keratinocytes. These results suggest that curcumin may exert its anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced ICAM-1 expression and subsequent monocyte adhesion via expression of HO-1 in the keratinocytes.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 1997

We investigated the immunological function of cheese whey protein concentrate (CWPC), which is a by-product of cheese production, using mitogenic activity in murine splenocytes as an index. A fraction isolated by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography of CWPC showed high mitogenic activity, comparable to the activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The fraction was detected as a single band on SDS-PAGE. It contained calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and carbo-hydrate, indicating the active component to be a glycophosphopeptide (GPP) Since pronase digestion of GPP did not reduce its mitogenic activity, carbohydrate rather than peptide may be important in the activity, When applied on an anti-${\beta}$-caseinophosphopeptide (${\beta}$-CPP ) antibody affinity column, the GPP was separated into two components, one with affinity to ${\beta}$-CPP and the other without such affinity. Both the components contained N-linked oligosaccharide chains and had the mitogenic activity. These results demonstrate that cheese whey contains a GPP having strong mitogenic activity

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2005

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Diabetes is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. Although LDL stimulates the proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC), the mechanisms are not fully understood. We examined the effects of native LDL and glycated LDL on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Addition of native and glycated LDL to rat aorta SMCs (RASMCs) stimulated ERK phosphorylation. ERK phosphorylation was not affected by exposure to the $Ca^{2+}$ chelator BAPTA-AM but inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with GF109203X, inhibition of Src kinase with PP1 ($5{\mu}M$) and inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122/U73343 ($5{\mu}M$) all reduced ERK phosphorylation in response to glycated LDL. In addition, pretreatment of the RASMCs with a cell-permeable mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor (PD98059, $5{\mu}M$) markedly decreased ERK phosphorylation in response to native and glycated LDL. These findings indicate that ERK phosphorylation in response to glycated LDL involves the activation of PKC, PLC, and MEK, but is independent of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.260-269
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• 2002

The fire resistance of particulate polypropylene composite systems were investigated by using various reinforced particles such as zeolite, talc, $CaCO_3$ particles. In this study, The effect of particle size on the thermal properties of composite and the effect of reinforced particles on the fire resistance were studied. The inorganic reinforced particles used in this study were recycled zeolite(average particle diameter=85.34 $mu extrm{m}$), $CaCO_3$ (33.93 $mu extrm{m}$), and talc (18.51 $mu extrm{m}$). The fire resistance of composite systems was thoroughly examined by measuring limited oxygen index (LOI, ASTM D2863) and cone calorimetry (ASTM E1354, ISO 5660). Thermal stability of composite systems was thoroughly examined by measuring TGA. The flame retardants (DBDPO) and reinforced particles reduce the maximum heat release rate (M-HRR) in the order of Talc > $CaCO_3$ > recycled Zeolite. Comparing the cone calorimetry experimental results of the particle reinforced polymer composite system exhibited twice higher efficiency than DBDPO in polypropylene systems, and the LOI also showed similar trends to the cone calorimetry experiments. The optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to investigate the composites ash layer and the core fracture surfaces in the burning process. The reinforcing inorganic particles seemed to accumulate at the surface of ash layer, and subsequently intercept the oxygen transport and heat transfer into the core area.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 1982

This study was designed to find out the nutritional defect of general Korean diet and the effective way of nutritional supplementation. Seventy weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 51.8$\pm$0.9g were blocked into ten groups and fed ten different diets ad libitum for eight weeks: Standard groups(st gp) was given 72% sugar-20% casein diet: Cereal-vegetable group(c-v gp) was fed cereal-vegetable diet(c-v diet) composed of rice, barley, soybean, spinach and cabbage: the other eight groups were fed c-v diets supplemented with casein, vitamin $B_{2}$, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and A, vitamin A and calcium, vitamin $B_{2}$ and calcium, vitamin A and $B_{2}$and calcium, respectively, on the basis of each nutrients content of standard diet. The results were as follows: 1. Food intakes and body weight gains in all the experimental groups were significantly lower than st gp. Among experimental groups, casein gp and vit B2 gp tended to gain more body weights than c-v gp. 2. Through all the experimental period, F.E.R., pp.E.R., and NDPcal% did nod show significant differences among all the experimental groups and st gp. 3. The weights of liver, kidney, and gastrocnemius were significantly lower in all the experimental groups as compared with st gp. But brain and sex organ weights did not show differences among all the groups. 4. Nitrogen contents of total carcass, liver, and gastrocnemius in all the experimental groups tended to be increased as compared with st gp, and among experimental groups, they tended to be increased by casein supplementation and decreased by ca supplementation. 5. Apparent nitrogen digestibility, urinary and fecal nitrogen excretion, the amount of nitrogen retained, and N.P.U. did not show any significant differences among all the groups. 6. Serum total protein concentrations did not show any significant differences among all the groups.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the monitor unit obtained from various methods for the treatment of superficial cancers using electron beams. Thirty-three breast cancer patients who were treated in our institution with 6, 9, and 12 MeV electron beams, were selected for this study. For each patient, irregularly shaped treatment blocks were drawn on simulation film and constructed. Using the irregular blocks, monitor units to deliver 100 cGy to the dose maximum (dmax) were calculated from measurement and three-dimensional radiation treatment planning (3D RTP) system (PINNACLE 6.0, ADAC Laboratories, Milpitas CA) Measurements were made in solid water phantom with plane parallel (PP) chamber (Roos, OTW Germany) at 100 cm source-to surface distances. CT data was used to investigate the effect of heterogeneity. Monitor units were calculated by overriding CT values with 1 g/㎤ and in the presence of heterogeneity. The monitor unit values obtained by the above methods were compared. The dose, obtained from measurement in solid water phantom was higher than that of RTP values for irregularly shaped blocks. The maximum differences between monitor unit calculated in flat water phantom at gantry zero position were 4% for 6 MeV and 2% for 9 and 12 MeV electrons. When CT data was used at a various gantry angle the agreement between the TPS data with and without density correction was within 3% for all energies. These results indicate that there are no significant difference in terms of monitor unit when density is corrected for the treatment of breast cancer patients with electrons.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.1 s.84
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• pp.25-30
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• 1998

Present expriments were conducted to determine the possibility of cultivation of Coriolus versicolor selected among the higher fungi growing in Korea. Dried apple sawdust used in this study consisted of 31.5% C, 0.54% N, 2.41 % CaO, 0.05% $P_2O_5$, 0.48% MgO and 0.81% $K_2O$(pH 5.6). Coriolus versicolor mushrooms were cultivated on the sawdust media; apple sawdust; rice bran=80:20 in 850cc polypropylene bottles. The isolate of Coriolus versicolor used was YCV collected from an Apple farm in Youngchun district. It took 34 days to make fruitbody from spawning. The fruit bodies produced the total fresh weight 28 g in a bottles, and converted to 64% of fresh weight.