• Title/Summary/Keyword: POPs(Persistent Organic Pollutants)

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Pesticide-Originated Persistent Organic Pollutants in Agricultural Waterways in Chungcheong Province, Korea (충청지역 농업용수 중 농약 유래 POPs의 모니터링 연구)

  • Lee, Hwa-Sung;Jeon, Hwang-Ju;Lee, Hoi-Seon;Lee, Sung-Eun
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.58 no.4
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    • pp.291-294
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    • 2015
  • Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including banned organochlorine pesticides, are found in Korean agricultural environments. Their translocation from agricultural environment to major crops has been reported. In this study, the POPs in 15 different agricultural waters of the Chungchung Province were monitored and all samples were prepared, followed by liquid-liquid fractionation and column chromatography prior to analysis using gas chromatography. Among pesticide-originated persistent organic pollutants, ${\alpha}$-endosulfan was determined in the range of 0.01 to 1.13 ng/mL. ${\beta}$-Endosulfan was determined in the range of 0.01 to 0.55 ng/mL, and endosulfan sulfate was ranged from 0.13 to 1.13 ng/mL. The total sum of endosulfans reached the range of 0.38 to 1.18 ng/mL. Three pesticides being used currently were also found in samples as 2.03-2.05 ng/mL for triadimefon, 0.26-0.33 ng/mL for tolyfluanid, and 1.34-3.85 ng/mL for chlorpyrifos. Taken together, endosulfans were introduced in the agricultural waters and their fates need continuous monitoring.

Concentration Variations of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Gosan, Jeju during the Polluted Period in November 2001 and the Yellow Sand Period in Spring 2002 (2001년 11월 오염시기와 2002년 봄 황사시기 제주도 고산에서의 잔류성 유기오염물질 농도 변화)

  • 김영성;김진영;김연제;문길주;문광주;한진석;김상우;윤순창;권성안
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.469-490
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    • 2003
  • Atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were measured at Gosan, Jeju in November 2001 and spring 2002, each time for two weeks. Primary target pollutants were organochlorine pesticides, coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co- PCBs), and dioxin/furans listed in the Stockholm Convention adopted in May 2001. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also measured in order to understand the overall characteristics of the POPs distribution as well as PM$_{2.5}$, a potent carrier of POPs. In the latter part of the measurement period of November 2001, almost every pollutant of combustion origin including dioxin/furans went high probably due to influence of emissions in the nearby area. The characteristics of atmospheric environment at Gosan in this period were rather close to urban areas far from those of a background area. A severe dust storm swept for three days at the end of the measurement period of spring 2002. However, changes in pollutant concentrations were relatively small except PM$_{10}$. Nevertheless, increases in particulate PAHs and OCDD (octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins), mostly present in fine particles, were observed. Trends in organochlorine pesticide variations were mixed although possible volatilization of DDT residues from soil was inferred from the measurements of spring 2002.2.2.

Risk analysis of dioxin in human breast milk

  • Choi, Shin-Ai;Han, Jee-Yeun;Park, Jong-Sei
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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    • 2003.04a
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    • pp.160.1-160.1
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    • 2003
  • Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have spread throughout the global environment to threaten human health and damage ecosystems. with evidence of POPs contamination in wildlife, human blood. and breast milk documented worldwide. Breast milk is an ideal medium for assessing exposures to POPs. POPs enter humans largely as contaminants of dietary animal products, where they sequester in adipose tissue, serum, and breast milk and equilibrate at similar levels on a fat weight basis. (omitted)

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Case Studies for the Ratification of Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants with Specific Exemption in South Korea (Stockholm 협약 비준 대비 잔류성유기오염물질의 특정면제를 위한 국내 실태조사)

  • Kim, H.H.;Lee, J.Y.;Yang, J.Y.;Lee, J.S.;Shin, D.C.;Jung, H.W.;Lim, Y.W.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.63-75
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    • 2010
  • United Nations Environment Program adopted a global binding agreement to regulate the production and distribution for the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in May 22, 2001. The agreement took its effectuation with the ratification of 59 countries from the approval of 151 countries in May 17, 2004. After the approval on the binding agreement in October 4, 2001, South Korea performed systematic investigation for the ready of ratification on the convention with country-specific exemption for some chemical substances. Case study with documentary examination and fact-finding survey found some potential problem for 5 chemical substances such as chlordane, dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorobenzenes (HCB), heptachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, subsequent investigation with more detailed degree showed the possibility for the ratification with no country-specific exemption.

Evaluation of pesticide residue analysis of dieldrin in soil using a high resolution gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (HR-GC/MS)

  • Hwang, Jae-Bok;Park, Tae-Seon
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.634-640
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    • 2016
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using HR-GC/MS for the rapid screening of dieldrin residues in soils. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of organochlorine pesticides such as dieldrin, were analyzed in sedimentary rock and granite rock collected from greenhouses, Niigata, Japan. Dieldrin remains in Japanese farming soils, more than 40 years after their use as insecticides was prohibited. The averages in soil moisture ranged from 2.79% to 7.20% in soils derived from sedimentary rock and from 25.59% to 31.40% in soils derived from granite rock. Mean concentrations of dieldrin residues in sedimentary rock and granite rock were $39.7ng\;g^{-1}$ and $40.51ng\;g^{-1}$, respectively. Dieldrin residue was detected at a slightly higher concentration in granite rock than sedimentary rock samples. There was no consistency between the two soils or between surface and subsurface soils. The coefficients of variation of the two soils were 10.6% and 8.7%, respectively. These results suggest that our high-resolution mass spectrometry detector (HR-GC/MS) is effective at analyzing residual organochlorine pesticides in soil. In order to increase the precision and sensitivity for chemical analysis of POPs, high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with a HR-GC/MS is highly recommended.

Electro-Oxidation in Combination with Biological Processes for Removal of Persistent Pollutants in Wastewater: A Review

  • Navarro-Franco, Javier A.;Garzon-Zuniga, Marco A.;Drogui, Patrick;Buelna, Gerardo;Gortares-Moroyoqui, Pablo;Barragan-Huerta, Blanca E.;Vigueras-Cortes, Juan M.
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2022
  • Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and emerging pollutants (EP) are characterized by their difficulty to be removed through biological oxidation processes (BOPs); they persist in the environment and could have adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem and human health. The electro-oxidation (EO) process has been successfully used as an alternative technique to oxidize many kinds of the aforementioned pollutants in wastewater. However, the EO process has been criticized for its high energy consumption cost and its potential generation of by-products. In order to decrease these drawbacks, its combination with biological oxidation processes has been reported as a solution to reduce costs and to reach high rates of recalcitrant pollutants removal from wastewaters. Thus, the location of EO in the treatment line is an important decision to make, since this decision affects the formation of by-products and biodegradability enhancement. This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of EO as a pre and post-treatment in combination with BOPs. A perspective of the EO scale-up is also presented, where hydrodynamics and the relationship of A/V (area of the electrode/working volume of the electrochemical cell) experiments are examined and discussed.

Identification of Hepatotoxicity Related Genes Induced by Hexachlorobenzne (HCB) in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells

  • Kim, Youn-Jung;Choi, Han-Saem;Song, Mee;Song, Mi-Kyung;Ryu, Jae-Chun
    • Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.179-186
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    • 2009
  • Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a bioaccumulative, persistent, and toxic pollutant. HCB is one of the 12 priority of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) intended for global action by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Governing Council. POPs are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Some of HCB is ubiquitous in air, water, soil, and biological matrices, as well as in major environmental compartments. HCB has effects on various organs such as thyroid, bone, skin, kidneys and blood cells and especially, revealed strong toxicity to liver. In this study, we identified genes related to hepatotoxiciy induced by HCB in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells using microarray and gene ontology (GO) analysis. Through microarray analysis, we identified 96 up- and 617 down-regulated genes changed by more than 1.5-fold by HCB. And after GO analysis, we determined several key pathways which known as related to hepatotoxicity such as metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, complement and coagulation cascades, and tight junction. Thus, our present study suggests that genes expressed by HCB may provide a clue for hepatotoxic mechanism of HCB and gene expression profiling by toxicogenomic analysis also affords promising opportunities to reveal potential new mechanistic markers of toxicity.

The State-of-the-Art on Technologies for Treatment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs) Pollutants (잔류성 유기오염물질 Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs) 분해 처리 기술 현황)

  • Lee, Sang-Hoon;Sea, Bongkuk
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.29-39
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    • 2005
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls, (PCBs) are a group of highly toxic chlorinated industrial chemicals used as dielectrics, coolants and lubricants in electrical transformers. This article reviewed the state-of-the-art on technologies for decomposition of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), one of the persistent organic materials (POPs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of decontaminating PCBs contaminated pollutants using treatment technologies such as chemical dechlorination, photodegradation and biological transformation.

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Actual Conditions and Alternative Materials for the Pesticides containing Persistent Organic Pollutants in South Korea

  • Lim, Young-Wook;Kim, Ho-Hyun;Lee, Jun-Sang;Roh, Young-Man;Lee, Gee-Young;Jung, Hae-Woong;Lee, Jae-Young
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.285-291
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    • 2008
  • A global binding agreement was adopted with the leading of United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) on May 22, 2001 in Stockholm to regulate the production and distribution on persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The agreement took effectuation with the ratification of 59 countries from the approval of 151 countries on May 17, 2004. After the approval on October 4, 2001, South Korea performed systematical investigation on POP-related substances such as chlordane, dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorobenzenes (HCB), heptachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to get ready for the ratification of the convention with country-specific exemption. The domestic distributions of those chemical substances have been officially prohibited since the late 1960s to the early 1980s. Although there were occasional reports for the detection of some of those chemical substances, those performed minute signification in their existence in the environment. A series of investigation with documentary examination and fact-finding survey showed the possibility for the ratification on the convention without country-specific exemption.

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Residues in Greenhouse Soil and Strawberry Organochlorine Pesticides (딸기 시설재배지 토양 및 농산물 중 잔류성유기오염물질(POPs)의 잔류량 - 유기염소계 농약)

  • Lim, Sung-Jin;Oh, Young-Tak;Jo, You-Sung;Ro, Jin-Ho;Choi, Geun-Hyoung;Yang, Ji-Yeon;Park, Byung-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 2016
  • BACKGROUND: Residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are chemical substances that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effect to human health and the environment. They were designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by Stockholm Convention. Greenhouse strawberry is economic crop in agriculture, and its cultivation area and yield has been increased. Therefore, we tried to investigate the POPs residue in greenhouse soil and strawberry.METHODS AND RESULTS: Extraction and clean-up method for the quantitative analysis of OCPs was developed and validated by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD). The clean-up method was established using the modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe(QuEChERS) method for OCPs in soil and strawberry. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery rates of OCPs in greenhouse soil and strawberry were 0.9-6.0 and 0.6-0.9 μg/kg, 74.4-115.6 and 75.6-88.4%, respectively. The precision was reliable sincerelative standard deviation (RSD) percentage (0.5-3.7 and 2.9-5.2%) was below 20, which was the normal percent value. The residue of OCPs in greenhouse soil was analyzed by the developed method, and dieldrin, β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate were detected at 1.6-23, 2.2-28.4 and 1.8-118.6 μg/kg, respectively. Those in strawberry were not detected in all samples.CONCLUSION: Dieldrin, β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate in a part of investigated greenhouse soil were detected. But those were not detected in investigated greenhouse strawberry. These results showed that the residue in greenhouse soil were lower level than bioaccumulation occurring.