• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 1996

The experiment was conducted to determine pollen morphology of Chinese peony and its germination. The results were obtained as following ; Pollen shpae was usually large ellipse and the pol­len germination rate of Eui-seong Peony line was 71% which was lower than that of other Peony lines. In a bud, the pollen began to be observed on $7{\sim}9days$ before flowering and as getting on for flowering time, normal pollen and germination rates were higher. The pollen germination and elongation beganat 30 minutes after incubation on artificial medium and were completed after $2{\sim}3\;hours$. As the storage time went on, the pollen life span was shortened. The germination rate was 51% at 8 days-storage of room temperature. The germination rate was 48% ad 43% at 95 day-storage in $0^{\circ}C$ and $-15^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1621-1621
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• 2001

The quality of sugarcane grown on the NE Australian tropical coast ($16^{\circ}$15'- $18^{\circ}$15' S Lat.) has declined markedly in the past seven years. This has been linked to dilution of mill-supply cane with increasing levels of non mature-stalk material consisting of leaves and sucker culms. The prime research objective was to examine the transition from the pre-harvest, in-field crop to harvested material sent for processing, in terms of quality and crop fraction proportions. A secondary objective was to quantify the effects of preharvest-season crop habit and culm condition on crop quality. Ten quadrat samples from each of 54 random crop sites (17 in 1999 and 37 in 2000), covering a wide range of variables (cultivar, crop class, and edaphic, topographic, climatic, and temporal factors) were collected immediately before harvest. Samples were partitioned into four fractions:- sound and unsound mature stalks (culms), sucker culms, and extraneous matter (leaves). Material harvested from each site was sampled and partitioned into four fractions:- sound and unsound billets (culm pieces), culm-spindle pieces, and leaf. In 2000, before harvest, 14 additional sites were sampled monthly, on three occasions, from March - June. Erect and non-erect culms were divided into sound and unsound classes. All samples were disintegrated and presented to a remote reflectance module of a scanning spectrophotometer using the BSES large cassette module. Near infra-red spectroscopic (NIS) analyses were developed for the rapid determination of quality components (Brix, commercial cane sugar (CCS), fibre, moisture, and polariscope reading). Calibrations for three material groups (culm (n = 639), non-culm (n = 496), and combined) were developed for all components using the 1999 data set. Two sub-sets (n = 178, and 190) of about 10% of the preharvest-season and harvest populations scanned in 2000 also were subjected to full routine laboratory analyses. The 1999 combined calibrations were excellent, but the culm calibrations produced consistently lower standard errors. Non-culm calibrations were marginally better than the combined for only CCS and pol. reading. Analysis of the 2000 culm data with calibrations using all 1999 and 2000 culm data resulted in better predictions relative to the 1999 culm calibrations. This also was true for the combined calibrations. Assessment of quality components in pre- and post-harvest sugarcane using NIS calibrations was more cost effective than using routine laboratory techniques. Outcomes from this NIS-facilitated research will have important economic consequences for the Australian sugarcane industry. Potential CCS present in mature culms is being discounted by dilution with leaves and sucker culms, threatening farm viability. The results question the efficacy of current harvesting technology. The CCS of harvested cane is improved only marginally over that of the in-field crop. Current harvesting technology requires either supplementary, innovative pre-mill processing or a design revolution to improve mill-supply cane quality, and therefore whole of industry economics. NIS-facilitated analyses, before the harvest season, highlighted the benefits of growing erect, sound crops. Loss of CCS then, can be minimized only by a combination of crop improvement and agronomic solutions, applied as part of sound on-farm management.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2003

Various physicochemical parameters for the active ingredients of 245 herbicides were calculated to develope a diagnosis and estimation system for utility as herbicide. The range of physico-chemical parameters for each inhibitors of photo system II (H1), acetolactate synthase (ALS) (H2) and herbicides were confirmed. The distribution ranges of 85% dependence for each physicochemical parameters were Obs.logP :$-0.90\sim4.50$, dipol moment: $1.80\sim12.22$ (debye), molecular refractivity: $53.0\sim104.0(cm^3/mol)$, polarizability: $19.0\sim37.0(\AA^3)$, HOMO energy: $-9.98\sim-7.34$ (eV), LUMO energy:$-2.76\sim0.40$ (eV), Van der Waals molecular volumes: $558.0\sim995.0(cm^3)$, molecular weight: $202.0\sim430.0$ (amu) and surface areas (Grids): $194.0\sim356.0(\AA^2)$, hydration energy: $-10.16\sim114.7$ Kcal/mol, respectively. It is suggested that MR and polarizability constants will be able to distinguish between herbicides and medicinal drugs. Results revealed that various compounds based on the range of physicochemical parameters of herbicides could be diagnosed and estimated.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1995.09a
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• pp.39-44
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• 1995

$\bigcirc$ 동굴생물은 식물과 동물, 미생물로 크게 구분되지만 태양광선이 완전히 차단된 동굴내 환경에서는 동굴 동물들이 주종을 이루고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 동굴내의 동물에 관한 연구는 1966년 고씨동굴, 용담굴을 시발로 고수굴, 천동굴, 노동굴, 백룡글, 대이굴, 환선굴 등 강원도내에 분포하는 동굴 중 약 30% 정도는 동물을 포함한 생물상이 조사되었다. $\bigcirc$ 강원도의 동굴동물로서 확인된 것은 9강 30목 141종이며 강별로는 곤충강이 9목 50종 주형강이 4목 49종 갑각강이 6목 18종의 순으로 우세하고 목별로는 거미목이 15과 39종, 톡토기목이 7과 20종, 딱정벌레목이 8과 15종으로 우세한 편이다(남, 1987). $\bigcirc$ 동굴생물에 관한 연구는 육상생태계와 격리된 환경에서 생리, 생태적 적응을 통한 종의 분화나 유전, 진화문제를 추구하며 지하생태계와 육상생태계의 생물적인 유연관계 규명에 중요한 분야로 인정되며 아울러 독특한 특성을 지닌 동굴생물의 생존을 위한 방안과 노력이 일부동굴의 개방 및 개발에 앞서 더욱 구체적으로 모색되고 증대되어야 한다. $\bigcirc$ 동굴환경의 주요 특성은 첫째 햇빛에 차단되어 암흑상태이며, 둘째 내부습도가 높고 기온이나 수온의 년중변화가 심하지 않고, 셋째 먹이연쇄에 필수적인 영양공급원이 제한되어 있다. 따라서 광합성작용으로 성장하는 녹색식물은 태양광선이 유입되는 곳이나 인공조명시설 지역을 제외한 곳에서는 서식이 불가능하고 대형동물이나 초식동물은 생존이 어렵다. $\bigcirc$ 동굴내에는 환경에 적응하는 종들만이 서식할 수 있고 이들을 생태적 특성에 따라 세가지로 구분 할 수 있다. 환경적응 요인으로는 광도, 습도, 온도 영양공급원과 섭식장소, 수중생물의 경우는 특히 수온, 수량 영양원등이다.(중략). 본 연구의 접근방법으로는 ASRS의 개념적인 Reference Model을 수립하고 이 Reference Model에 대한 Formal Model로 DEVS(Discrete Event System Specification)을 이용하여 시스템을 Modeling하였다. 이의 Computer Simulation을 위하여 DEVS형식론 환경에서의 Simulation Language인 DEVSim ++ⓒ를 이용하여 시스템을 구현하였다.. 실형 결과로는 먼저 선형 상미분방정식의 예로 mass-damper-spring system, 비선형 상미분방정식의 예로는 van der Pol 방정식, 연립 상미분방정식의 예로는 mixing tank problem 등을 보였으며, 그의 공학에서 일어나는 여러 가지 문제들도 다루었다.화물에 대한 방어력이 증가되어 나타난 결과로 여겨지며, 또한 혈청중의 ALT, ALP 및 LDH활성을 유의성있게 감소시키므로서 감잎 phenolic compounds가 에탄올에 의한 간세포 손상에 대한 해독 및 보호작용이 있는 것으로 사료된다.반적으로 홍삼 제조시 내공의 발생은 제조공정에서 나타나는 경우가 많으며, 내백의 경우는 홍삼으로 가공되면서 발생하는 경우가 있고, 인삼이 성장될 때 부분적인 영양상태의 불충분이나 기후 등에 따른 영향을 받을 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 이에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어져야할 것으로 판단된다.태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 동일한 구성요 소를 지닌 병렬적 합성어([$[W1]_{XO-}$ $[W1]_{XO}$ ]$_{XO}$)로 그리고 [-wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 중복된 발은을 지닌 한 단어로 ([W]$_{XO}$

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.24-29
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• 2015

In this paper, a microstrip antenna with isoflux radiation patterns is presented for Low Earth Orbit(LEO) medium-sized satellites. Because of making isoflux patterns, the ground of proposed antenna under the patch was transform into a trapezoid for adjusting fringing field between the patch and ground. Next, the cavity walls were located at end of the ground for reducing back radiation. The proposed antenna was designed to receive S-band uplink(2.025 ~ 2.110 GHz) and the dimensions of the designed antenna with the ground are $160mm{\times}160mm{\times}40mm$ ($1.1{\lambda}{\times}1.1{\lambda}{\times}0.3{\lambda}$, ${\lambda}$ is the free-space wavelength at 2.068 GHz). Measured -10 dB bandwidth was 90 MHz(4.4 %) and it covers the required system bandwidth. Also, measured 3 dB axial ratio was 18 MHz(0.9 %). On the other hand, measured radiation patterns were isoflux patterns and its measured gain was 5.31 dBi at E-plane $46^{\circ}$ in the y-axis pol.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.407-413
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• 1997

The antimutagenic mechanism of cinnamaldeyde on mutagenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO) and N-metyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was investigated in various DNA repair-deficient strains, E. coli B/r and K-12 series. Cinnamaldehyde did not show any effects not only on the $\beta$-galactosidase activities of GW1060 and GW1103(recA441) which synthesizes $\beta$-galactosidase consitutively at 41$^{\circ}C$ but also on that of GW1107[lexA51 (Def)] in which the SOS response always occur. These results suggest that cinnamaldehyde dose not change the function of RecA which positively controls the SOS response as well as not acting as the repressor like LexA. In addition, no inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde was observed on the growth of Trp+ revertant and the delay of viable cell growth was also not found by adding cinnamaldehyde. Despite the decrease in the number of revertants, a significant increase in survival of 4-NQO treated cells was observed in E. coli WP2s(uvrA), ZA159($\Delta$uvrB) and TK603(uvrA). But these effects disappeared in excision-proficient strain WP2(uvrA+) and lexA-deficient strains(CM561 and CM611). The enhancement of survival was not found in WP67(uvrA polA) deficient in polymerase I which ligates the gap between complementary DNA. From the above results, we assume that cinnamaldehyde might show antimutagenic effect by enhancing an error-free recombinational repair system.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_2
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• pp.325-335
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• 2020

Forest canopy height can be used for estimate of above-ground forest biomass (AGB) by means of the allometric equation. The remote locations and harsh conditions of mangrove forests limit the number of field inventory data stations needed for large-scale modeling of carbon and biomass dynamics. Although active and passive spaceborne sensors have proven successful in mapping mangroves globally, the sensors generally have coarse spatial resolution and overlook small-scale features. Here we generate a 12 m spatial resolution mangrove canopy height map from TanDEM-X data acquired over the world largest intact mangrove forest located in the Sundarbans. With single-pol. TanDEM-X data from 2011 to 2013, the proposed technique makes use of the fact that the double-bounce scattering that occurs between the water and mangrove trees yields water surface level elevation over mangrove forest areas, thus allowing us to estimate forest height with the assumption of an underlying flat topography. Our observations have led to a large-scale mangrove canopy height map over the entire Sundarbans region at a 12 m spatial resolution. Our canopy height estimates were validated with ground measurements acquired in 2015, a correlation coefficient of 0.83 and a RMSE of 0.84 m. With globally available TanDEM-X data, the technique described here will potentially provide accurate global maps of mangrove canopy height at 12 m spatial resolution and provide crucial information for understanding biomass and carbon dynamics in the mangrove ecosystems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1204-1211
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• 2012

Measurement and analysis results of the extracted radiation-patterns from the field-experiments which were conducted to acquire the generic technology for calibration and validation of the satellite SAR system(Synthetic Aperture Radar) are presented in this study. Prototype of active transponder is adjustable within maximum 63.1 dBsm of RCS (Radar Cross Section) and includes the receiving-function with external receiver. To increase an accuracy of these field experiments, we repetitively measured satellite SAR systems of the same operating mode(i.e., COSMO-SkyMed No. 2 & 3, hh-pol., strip-map himage mode, 3 m resolution). Then, the reliability of experimental results was cross-checked through analysis of the RCS of active transponder on SAR image. The property of azimuth radiation patterns of satellite SAR system extracted from them has $0.352^{\circ}$ of HPBW(half-power beamwidth), $0.691^{\circ}$ of FNBW(first-null beamwidth), and 11.17 dB of PSLR(peak to side lobe ratio), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 1997

From the beginning of 1990s , also in the shipping industry, especially liner shipping industry competition has been more intensive and difference of the service quality among shipping companies has been learned . On the other hand, a shipping company has some limitations to do its international mission for itself just by broadening service area. For this reason, the necessity for the global strategi alliance among the shipping companies, which is orginally aimed at sharing of facilities and organixation, has been developed. Through strategic alliance, liner shipping companies do not need to input the additional capitals to increase the material assets such as vessel capacity and spread the risk by the enlargement of the market. Also, they can secure the competitive edge through efficient utilizaton of assets. The purpose of strategic alliance of Hanjin Shipping Ltd., can be summarized as follows ; broadening of service area, cost reduction through vessel sharing, realization of rationalized shipping service by terminal and equipment or facilities sharing. Liner strategic alliances are agreement among liner companies to pol their equipment , andterminals for joint operations and services in which each alliance partner continues to serve its market using jointly operated or used inland feeders,inland terminals, port terminals, and mainline fleets of ship as well as joint pools of containers and equipment. Strategic alliances are generally more formal agreements than consortia and impose longer term and far reaching obligation on their members. It also acts as one in developing and advancing the strategic aims of the alliance members. The most important objective for liner strategic alliances is cost reduction and improvement in capital asset utilization. Main aims of strategic alliance drawn in this paper, can be enumerated follows : 1. improvements in service frequency and quality : 2. improvements in vessel and equipment utilization and thereby reductions in fixed and variable cost ; 3. improvements in market shares and high value cargo booking ; 4. reductions in intermodal storage and port terminal throughput costs ; 5. improvements in negotiating powers with ports and feeder transport providers ; 6. reduction in financial and other fixed costs such as insurance; 7. coordination and integration of MIS and EDI systems and service for greater efficiency and market penetration ; and, 8. improvements in logistic chain management and economic of scale by equipment depot, terminal, and vessel sharing.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.125-133
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• 2006

In this study, the Korean Industrial Standard(KS) penetration grade system was examined to evaluate its statistical validity. It was found from this limited study that the system has no gap between each grade, the binder falling out of limit trespasses into other binder grade. Therefore, many products can have similar property level with an adjacent grade even though the mean value is within the specification limit. It was also found out that the equal range setup of each grade, such as 20 for 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, has no statistical foundation. Since KS penetration grade is defined without gap between each grade, the producer must maintain the coefficient of variation below the level by the ASTM system to satisfy the normal quality control limit of products. Due to its lack of a gap between grades, higher percentage of products will be duplicated even if the mean is at the median of the specification limits due to material's quality uncertainty. Especially if the mean moves toward the upper limit, a half or more of the binder grade will be overlapped with the upper binder grade. Therefore, KS penetration specification should be immediately modified by statistically valid methodologies.