• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.361-368
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to identify influence that integrated PNF(IPNF) on sprinter and skater pattern exercise had an effect on static and dynamic balance in chronic low back pain elderly adult. The subjects of this study were 34 and they were divided into two groups: IPNF exercise group(n=17), swiss ball exercise group(n=17). They were measured static balance ability using Good Balance System (GBS) and dynamic balance ability using functional reaching test(FRT) and timed up and go (TUG) during pre and post exercise. The results of this study were significant differences in groups about pre and post static and dynamic balance tests the greater part(p<.05). There were significant differences in groups according to exercises(p<.05). The above results from this study indicated that integrated patterns of PNF have improved the static and dynamic balance ability. This study will be enough to provide the basic raw material using a integrated PNF.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.521-528
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• 2013

This study was performed to examine effects of PNF combined pattern training on balance ability and functional ability of hockey players. In order to achieve this purpose, total 28 participants were separated into two group: 14 comparison group and 14 experiment group, and the experiment group performed PNF combined pattern training for 12 week, 3 times a week, 60 minutes a day. Each group was measured beforehand, after 6 week and 12 week. balance ability was measured using GOOD BALANCE system and functional ability was measured using carioca and shuttle-run test. For statistically verifying above measured values, repeated measure analysis of variance was analyzed and have following results. As the comparing results of balance ability, normal standing eye close(NSEC) was ant-post and velocity moment of experiment group showed significant differences(p<.05). And one leg right eye close(OLREC) was ant-post, med-lat and velocity moment of experiment group showed significant differences (p<.05). Also, dynamic balance ability was ant-post and velocity moment of experiment groups showed significant differences(p<.05). As the comparing results of functional ability, shuttle-run of experiment group sowed significant differences(p<.05). From above results, balance ability of hockey players was shown to be improved through symmetric training of PNF combined pattern applied to hockey players, and it can be considered that this is actively recommended for training method to improve athletic performance of hockey players.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.159-166
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• 2020

This study was conducted on 20 healthy adults in their 20s to identity the immediate effects of balance, proprioception and flexibility after conducting the PNF combined patterns using 3D Newton box. The data collected in this study were analyzed using the SPSS Window 19.0 statistical program, and the general characteristics of the subjects were calculated by calculating the mean and standard deviation using the technical statistics, and the differences before and after in-group balance, proprioception and flexibility were analyzed by the paired t-test. The balance, proprioception and flexibility of the subjects were measured using Y-balance, one-leg standing, and finger bottom contact. The exercise was applied with an combined pattern of PNF in the 3D Newton box. After exercise, balance, proprioception and flexibility all increased significantly. The results show that combined pattern of PNF using the 3D Newton box immediately works for the balance, proprioception and flexibility of adults in their 20s. Therefore, it is considered to be an exercise that can be actively utilized for adults or patients at high risk of damage due to reduced balance, proprioception and flexibility.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.251-258
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• 2008

This study was to investigate the effects of the combined patterns of PNF(proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) on the static balance ability by 20 subjects for 6 weeks. The combined patterns of PNF were carried out by Sprinter and Skater suggested by Dietz which were practiced once a day, 3 times a week. This study were measured normal standing, one leg left and one leg right standing when eye open and close on GOOD BALANCE system. These result lead us to the conclusion that mean velocity of X,Y direction, COP velocity moment were showed a statically decrease applying post-exercise on Normal Standing Eye Open(NSEO), Normal Standing Eye Close(NSEC), One Leg Right Standing Eye Close(OLRSEC) and Just velocity of X direction were showed a statically decrease applying post-exercise on One Leg Right Standing Eye Close(OLRSEC). The above results from this study indicated that combined patterns of PNF have improved the static balance ability. However the used self-exercise ca be applied to normal people, i.e., the exercise is difficult to apply into clinical patients. The further study should be focused at development of various modified forms of the combined patterns of PNF in keeping up the improvement effect of the exercise.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) and Functional Electrical Stimulation(FES) of combined on gait ability in hemiplegic gait. Methods : The subjects of this study were 13 hemiplegic patients. Each subjects was taken PNF pattern and FES of combined with 5 times per week for 4weeks. Pre- and Post-intervention change in gait ability were measured using an Timed up and Go test, stride length of the affected side, step length of the affected side. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test. Results : The results of this study were showed significantly improvement in TUG, stride length of the affected side, step length of the affected side after intervention. Conclusion : These results suggest that the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) and Functional Electrical Stimulation(FES) of combined exercise is an effective way of improving gait ability for hemiplegic patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.65-69
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to verify effects of trunk inclination, side deviation using combined PNF patterns of upper and lower extremities on 20's generation with malalignment syndrome. Methods : 15 subjects with malalignment syndrome participated this study. We measured 2 factors(trunk inclination, side deviation). combined PNF patterns of upper and lower extremities were used intervention method for malalignment syndrome subjects. Experience during was 6 weeks. Results : The trunk inclination was significantly decreased. The value was from 0.87 to 0.43(p=0.27). The side deviation was too. The value was decreased 1.62(p=0.044). Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that the use of combined PNF patterns of upper and lower extremities for malalignment syndrome people was positive effect.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effect of integrated patterns (IPs) of PNF on individuals with malalignment using upper extremity and lower extremity patterns simultaneously. This information was then compared to the effect of bowling exercises on malalignment. The study population included individuals in their twenties with malalignment in their posture. Methods: Individuals with malalignment (40 participants in total) were divided into 2 groups based on trunk inclination and side deviation. In one group, IPs of PNF were used as interventions, while the other group used bowling exercises. This process was completed over the course of four weeks. The IP group used two patterns simultaneously: flexion-adduction-external rotation and extension-abduction-internal rotation. These patterns were used in the upper and lower extremities and were crossed diagonally. Results: The trunk inclination decreased in the IP and the bowling group. In the IP group, the degree of inclination decreased from 0.94 to 0.33. The side deviation also decreased to 1.53 (p < 0.05). In the bowling group, the two measured values decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to the bowling exercises used in the bowling group, the results of this study indicate that the use of IPs had a significant effect on trunk inclination and side deviation for malalignment posture patients. Individuals can easily improve malalignment using IPs of PNF (for example, at home or at their office), which suggests that they are not required to seek assistance from a fitness or bowling center, which may save them time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept on respiratory function and quality of life in elderly subjects. Methods : Nineteen elderly subjects with healthy were recruited. Subjects performed scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept. Exercise was appied 30 minutes three times per week for four weeks. The respiratory function and quality of life (QOL) test three times (before, two weeks, and four weeks). Respiratory function includes forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV₁), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and chest cage expansion test (CCET). The QOL test was measured Korean WHOQOL-BRIEF. The analysis method was analyzed through the one-way ANOVA repeated methods, and the statistical significance is α=.05. It was analyzed through the post test Bonferroni test. Results : After the 4 week scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept showed statistically significant differences in the respiratory function (FVC, FEV₁, PEF, and CCET), and QOL (p<.05). As a result of the post-hoc test, FVC showed a significant increase in the mid test and post test compared to the pre test (p<.05), FEV₁ showed a significant increase in the post test compared to the pre test (p<.05). PEF showed a significant increase in all pre-test, mid-test, and post-test sections (p<.05), CCET showed a significant increase in all pre-test, mid-test, and post-test sections (p<.05). QOL showed a significant increase in all pre-test, mid-test, and post-test sections (p<.05). Conclusion : In this study, the scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept improved respiratory function and QOL. The findings suggest that this intervention could be beneficial in improving respiratory function and QOL in the elderly.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.73-88
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out The effect of Low back pain on the total pattens of Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF). Methods : The subjects of the study were 62 low back pain patients. They were divided into two groups: 31 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. the experimental group performed modalities and PNF total patterns three times for a week. the control group performed only modalities and ROM exercise three times for a week. Back muscle strength was measured by a back muscle strength measuring machine, the intensity of pain was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the level of disability was measured by Oswestry low back pain disability index. Study measurements were compared before and after 6 weeks exercise program. The two groups of subjects were assessed by utilizing two different balance measurement: Static standing balance was measured by balance performance monitor (BPM) and Dynamic standing balance was measured by one leg standing(OLS). The scale for static standing balance was measured by using, sway area, sway path, max velocity. Results : The results of this study were as follow: 1) The score on visual analogue scale shows statistically significant increase on PNF group of post test(p<.05). 2) The score on Oswestry low back pain disability index. shows statistically significant decrease on PNF group of post test(p<.05). 3) The change sway area was statistically significant on pre-test and post-test(p<.05). 4) The change sway path was statistically significant on pre-test and post-test(p<.05). 5) The change max velocity was statistically significant on pre-test and post-test(p<.05). 6) The score on one leg standing shows statistically significant increase on PNF group of post test(p<.05). Conclusion : These results of this study indicated that Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Total patterns which performed for six weeks had a statistically significant influence on low back pain. If the exercise for muscle strength is performed along with therapeutic stabilizing exercise, a better effect can be expected on low back pain. We hope that this study will provide a basic data for further research with a bigger group and on a long-term effect.

• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the sprinter and skater combined patterns on muscle contraction onset time and muscle activation of body stabilizing muscles. Method : Our study included young and healthy men in their 20s. The participants used the sprinter and skater combined patterns of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) methods to measure muscle activation and muscle contraction onset time of the trunk muscles. To measure muscle contraction onset time and muscle activation, electrodes were attached to the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and erector spinalis (ES) regions. Significant differences were identified using a paired t-test and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis. Result : In the sprinter combined pattern, the muscle with the fastest onset time of contraction was the RES, and that with the slowest was the RRA (p<.001). In the skater combined pattern, the muscle with the fastest onset time of contraction was the LES, and that with the slowest was the LRA (p<.001). In the sprinter combined pattern, the REO and LIO presented medium muscle contraction onset times (p<.001). In the skater combined pattern, the LEO and RIO presented medium muscle contraction onset times (p<.001). Conclusions: Based on these results, these patterns could be used as exercise methods for the elderly with delayed proactive response speeds of the body stabilization methods due to imbalances in body stabilizing muscles or limbs movement.