• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.10B
• /
• pp.639-647
• /
• 2005

When a DEV associates with an existing WPAN, the PNC checks the capabilities of the new DEV to see if it is more capable to be the PNC of the piconet based on the criteria defined in the IEEE Std 802.15. If the new DEV is more capable and the current security policies allow it, then the PNC has the option of handing over control of the piconet to the DEV that has just joined. And, If the PNC is shutting down or wants to leave the WPAN, it also uses the handover process to give control to another DEV in the piconet. However, IEEE 802.15.3 checks only DEV capability information for more PNC capable. For PNC selection, it should consider the radio coverage of new PNC capable DEVs. So, we propose the method of PNC selection with accessibility check. This method manages PNC candidate list in the current piconet. In this paper, we analyze accessibility problems for PNC selection in section 2. In section 3, we explain CI(Configuration Inquiry) process which is proposed by Sony Corporation and propose PCI(PNC Candidate Inquiry) process. Also, we perform numerical analysis to compare PCI process with CI process in section 4. Finally, we conclude in section 5.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.2B
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2007

WPANs are formed in relatively small area and a PNC that serves as a central control device plays an important role in the operation and organization of a piconet. Typical applications of WPANs are security system and health monitoring system. In these type of systems, guaranteeing realtime service is very important, and communications cannot take place when the PNC malfunctions. Thus, in this situation, it is necessary to elect a new PNC as soon as possible. For this reason, we propose distributed PNC election scheme that considers not only QoS support but also network connectivity to avoid possible network partition. Simulation results show proposed mechanism can select PNC with guaranteeing QoS and connectivity for a limited period.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.2B
• /
• pp.117-128
• /
• 2006

For the legacy IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN protocol, an unpredictable piconet coordinator(PNC) leaving from a piconet without a proper handoff procedure causes an absence of PNC, and thus the piconet gets collapsed. In addition, several beacons from PNCs in adjacent piconets may be collided on a device(DEV) located between those piconets. This beacon collision eventually makes the DEV leave from the piconet. To remedy these two problems, we here propose an Active Seamless Coordinator Switching(ASCS) scheme and a PNC HB based Beacon Alignment(PHBA) one. In the ASCS scheme, a PNC assigns a number of DEVs as next possible PNCs in sequence for provisioning against the abrupt breakdown of the current active PNC. Each nominated DEV proactively sends a probe frame to confirm the operation status of the active PNC. For the case of no response from the PNC, the nominated DEV tries to become a new PNC immediately. In the second PHBA scheme, each PNC is allow to broadcast a special Heart Beat(HB) frame randomly during a superframe period. When a DEV receives a HB frame from other PNC, it promptly sends the related PNCs a special Hiccup Beat(HCB) frame with the superframe information of its associated PNC. As a result, the HCB frame makes both PNCs align their superframe beginning time in order to yield no more beacon collisions. For these two proposed schemes, we show the performance by simulations. We can confirm the enhancement of throughput for each superframe and average frame transfer delay, since each scheme can reduce the duration of piconet collapse. Finally, it is worth while to note that the proposed schemes can be operated with frames those are permitted in the legacy WPAN standard.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2005

If the PNC is shutting down or wants to leave the WPAN, it uses the handover process to give control to another device in the piconet. However when the PNC is selected, only the device capability information is checked in the WPAN standard specification and no detail criteria is described. In this paper, the PNC selection method with considering the number and density of device to maximize the piconet data throughput in the WPAN is studied. From the numerical analysis results, the considering with the devices concentration has higher data throughput compared with the uniform distribution. For the efficient performance, the device distribution within the piconet should be considered in the PNC selection.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.478-481
• /
• 2006

HR-WPAN은 디바이스들과 망을 중재하는 역할을 하는 PNC가 피코넷을 형성함으로써 통신을 하게된다. PNC는 디바이스들 중에서 선발이 되며 PNC가 피코넷을 이탈하거나 더 능력이 우수한 디바이스가 피코넷에 참여할 때 PNC 핸드오버 과정을 통하여 신규 PNC로 역할이 이양된다. WPAN 권고안에서는 현재 피코넷의 운영상태를 고려하지 않고 디바이스들의 능력에만 기초하여 핸드오버를 수행한다. 신규 PNC는 기존의 PNC가 관리하던 디바이스들을 최대한 수용하여야 피코넷에 끼치는 효과를 최소화할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 자식 피코넷을 고려하여 PNC 선택방법을 제안하여 기존의 PNC가 관리하던 디바이스들을 최대한 수용할 수 있게 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2005.07a
• /
• pp.508-510
• /
• 2005

IEEE 802.15.3에서 piconet 안의 PNC가 선택되는 방법은 각각 디바이스들의 능력을 기반으로 선택 된다. 이러한 PNC의 역할을 하는 디바이스는 piconet안에서 가장 많은 에너지를 소비하게 된다. PNC의 프레임 전송 범위는 PNC 에너지 소비와 밀접한 관련을 가지고 있다. 그래서 PNC역할을 하는 디바이스를 토폴로지 상의 중앙에 위치 시켜서 PNC의 프레임 전송 거리를 최소화한다. 이를 통해 PNC의 에너지를 절약하여 PNC역할을 하는 디바이스의 생존 시간을 연장 시키고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 PNC의 전송범위를 최소화 할 수 있는 piconet 토폴로지상의 위치를 정하는 방법에 대하여 제안하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 2017

Pyrazinamidase (PncA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the hydrolytic enzyme (hydrolase) that can hydrolyze substrate PZA to active form pyrazoic acid (POA). To investigate hydrolytic reaction of M. tuberculosis PncA, 1D NMR spectra were monitored at various molar ratios of PncA and PZA. The line-width of PZA was changed as PncA was added into PZA with different molar ratios. These results suggested that determination of PncA enzymatic activity could potentially serve as an indirect measure of PZA susceptibility.

• Biodesign
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.24-27
• /
• 2019

Pnc1 converts nicotinamide to nicotinic acid to generate NAD⁺ through the Preiss-Handler pathway that is one of the NAD⁺-salvage pathway. By reducing levels of nicotinamide, an inhibitor of the NAD⁺-dependent histone deacetylase Sir2, yeast Pnc1 contributes gene silencing. In this study, to understand the structural features and molecular mechanism of nicotinamidase Pnc1, we overexpressed, purified, and crystallized the N-terminally His₆-tagged Pnc1 protein from Kluyveromyces lactis and obtained X-ray diffraction data at a resolution of 2.2 Å. The crystals of the K. lactis Pnc1 (KlPnc1) belonged to space group P2₁2₁2₁ with unit cell parameters a=38.5, b=77.3, c=83.3, and α=β=γ= 90°. There is one molecule in the asymmetric unit.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.94-105
• /
• 2001

Background : Examining the biological susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to pyrazinamide (PZA) in vitro is very difficult as PZA is inactive under normal culture conditions. The biological susceptibility test, an enzyme assay for Pzase activity, and a genetic test for pncA gene mutations, were performed in order to predict PZA resistance. Methods : 28 cultured clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were tested. The biological susceptibility was performed by the absolute concentration method using Lowenstein-Jensen media. The PZase activity was tested by means of Wayne's method. A 710-bp region includes the entire open reading frame of pncA was amplified and sequenced. Results : All six strains with positive PZase activity exhibited no pncA mutations with one strain showing a false resistance in the biological susceptibility test. Among the 22 strains with no PZase activity, 21 exhibited showed pncA mutations. In the biological susceptibility test, 20 strains were resistant, and one was susceptible, and the other flied to test. The mutation types varied with ten missense, one silent and one nonsense mutation 1 slipped-strand mispairing, and 6 frameshift mutations. Three strains had an adenine to guanine mutation at position -11 upstream of the start codon. Conclusion : The mutation at the pncA promotor region is frequent at -11 upstream position. Automatic sequencing of pncA is a useful tool for rapid and accurate detection of PZA resistant M. tuberculosis, and for demonstrating the epidemiological relatedness of the PZA resistant M. tuberculosis strains.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2002

A new photoalignment material PNC, pole norbornene-2,3-dicarboxyolyl cholesterol, was synthesized and the electro-optical (EO) characteristics of the vortical-alignment (VA) liquid crystal display (LCD) photoaligned with UV exposure on the PNC surface were studied. EO characteristics of the photoaligned VA-LCD using a UV filter-less method was better than that of the UV filter method on the PNC surface for short UV exposure time. The response time of the photoaligned VA-LCD on the PNC surface without UV filter on the PNC surface is almost the same compared with the rubbing aligned VA-LCD.