• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

This paper is focused on the research of environmental and human factors for a design of PMVbased air conditioning system in the ship. In the results from environmental factor research, it is possible to dissatisfy thermally in the wheel house and communication room of 25 ton and engine room of 100 ton. The clothing and activity in the ship is modified using inland indoor characteristics. Thermal resistance of clothing may be more sensitive to PMV(predicted mean vote) than metabolic rate because of large deviation among maritime polices. The distribution of human factor is right long-tailed than standard normal distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.12-20
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate human thermal comfort by spatial structure and to explore solutions to improve the thermal environment of a small urban space. The study site was Korea University campus. Thermal conditions were measured to evaluate the quality of the thermal environment in each type of space within the study site. Micrometeorology measurements, analysis of space characteristics for using fish-eye lens photography, and thermal comfort modeling through the use of collected meteorological data, such as temperature and humidity, were performed. Results showed that the level of thermal comfort for humans differs depending on the types of space within the study site. Thermal comfort is better in open spaces than enclosed in the aspect of radiative mean temperature, Predicted Mean Vote(PMV), and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature(PET). This fact is probably due to shadows or buildings or trees that may block solar radiation. Thus, it is necessary to consider the spatial arrangements of buildings and trees to enhance openness and ventilation in the space. Paving materials and exterior building materials should also be selected to lower the radiant temperature. Given these results, a quantitative evaluation on human thermal comfort could propose a way to plan user comfortable small urban spaces. Study methods used and results provided in the study can promote a better way for urban space planning direction to improve environmental quality.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.324-329
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• 2008

Recently with the demand of well-being is increased, the demand for indoor thermal environment and air quality is increased. According to this circumstance, many people in Korea note the traditional architecture that is made by natural materials, such as a soil, stone and wood. However, few researches regarding the indoor thermal environmental characteristics of the Korean traditional houses is reported. In this study we analyzed the indoor thermal environment for Han-ok through field measurement. Moreover, based on the field measurement results. indoor thermal comfort in Han-ok is analyzed.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2011

Creating standards on thermal environment has been organized traditionally based on the youth and the manhood who are in mainly active layer of a society. However, traditional creating standards have differences from the physiology of the aged who have weak physical ability than younger person. As a result, it causes a health problem of the aged. Therefore, In this study, we had a basic study to create a comfortable thermal environment which had considered to a physical ability and a physiology of the aged, and build a ecological residence space to maintain health. We had several experiments with the aged; Experiment, Comfort Sensation Vote, Mean Skin Temperature and Analyzing HRV. The result have following by: 1)For the aged, the summer recommend temperature, $26^{\circ}C$, is appropriate within first 30 ~ 40 minutes, but it should be increasing the temperature after that time. 2) By considering PMV status and thermal feeling of the aged, they are prefer to higher temperature than normal setting of air-condition system. 3) In the condition of the summer recommend temperature, $26^{\circ}C$, they had answered in neutral or comfort with the comfort sensation vote. However, we had figure out that they had stress in a lower temperature by analyzing the result of HRV.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.92-99
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to apply pressurized plenum under floor air conditioning system to office areas to understand characteristics of indoor thermal environment based on forms of diffusers. For doing this, the author conducted experiment of module measurement, and based on the results, analyzed indoor temperature distribution and velocity distribution based on direction of diffusion by using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD), and estimated the Predicted Mean Vote(PMV) of residents based on forms of diffusers to present the optimal air conditioning of the pressurized plenum under floor air conditioning system in heating. The results of this study are as follows. First, as for forms of diffusers, distributed diffusers rather than conical and grill diffusers were favorable in maintaining $24^{\circ}C$, the established temperature in heating, were active in velocity flowing, and were wide in a radius of diffusion. Second, as for position of pressurizing, the difference between upper and lower temperature was wider in center, lateral, and dispersed pressurizing (in order). As for velocity distribution, the velocity was more increased in lateral, center, and dispersed pressurizing(in order), indicating that dispersed pressurizing maintained uniform thermal environment. Third, as for diffusion direction, mixed direction showed less difference between upper and lower temperature and the difference in velocity between center and lateral part was 0.01m/1, indicating that it maintained uniform thermal environment. Fourth, as for the PMV of residents based on the forms of diffusers, the dispersed type showed(+) values above (0) when applied variably based on the position of diffuser, presenting thermal feeling of "being comfortable" to residents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

This objective of this paper is to investigate the evaluation and indiction of human thermal comfort in building environment. The issue of defining the boundaries of acceptable thermal comfort conditions in buildings and urban may have significant implication for building design and also may have urban design by climate considerations. And then it is to apply the thermal comfort condition to environmental design by using passive methods in Korea. Since 1920. architects have conducted studies to measure thermal comfort in houses under hot and humid conditions, while industrial hygienists have studied the effects of temperature and humidity on the performance of factory workers. Thermal comfort can be influenced by many variables. This paper conducted to review the previous researches and the human heat balance equation, and to analyse in order to reveal the meaning and usage of the thermal comfort index in two traditional essays, Fanger's PMV and Gagge's ET* Their comfort indexes compared with each other. They were based on human heat balance equation and psychological and physiological responses in the laboratory tests. The researchers and the architectural engineers using thermal comfort index shall be careful in decided the use of indexes and be necessary to recognize the value concept of the design criteria for thermal comfort. Therefore, The opinion of the authors is that different comfort standards have to apply for each building and urban with different climatic conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.78-85
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• 2011

In this study, an underfloor air distribution(UFAD) system installed on the S. office building was evaluated for its indoor environmental quality performance. Field measurement and survey were conducted for the overall POE(Post Occupied Evaluation). PMV(including temperature, humidity, air velocity and globe temperature) and several environmental components were measured while thermal comfort, thermal sensation, acoustical environment and others. were investigated through survey. Except for the direct upper part of the air supply diffuser on the floor, the indoor velocity was less than 0.25m/s, which has been suggested by ASHRAES tandard 55 as the limit for thermal comfort. MRT of the perimeter zone of the room showed a higher value than that in the interior because of the introduced solar radiation through the building envelope. PMV was generally maintained in the range of thermal comfort (from -0.5 to +0.5), though it weighted to the warm side. It was reported to have 61% positive response on thermal comfort and 55% on neutral thermal sensation. The results of each survey item showed some gender-based differences. Specifically, female respondents had higher degree of dissatisfaction with indoor air cleanness and acoustical privacy. The working surface showed more than 400 lux and the equivalent noise level showed less than 50 dB(A). In conclusion, the results of the measurement and survey showed good agreement. Indoor environmental quality of the subject office room where the UFAD system was installed showed an overall excellent performance.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.87-92
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• 2007

As expansion of balconies at apartments has been legalized, the major function of the balconies as a thermal buffer zone is disappearing. This weakens the ability of window to insulate heat and multiplies surface condensation. Thus more and more residents require solutions to increasing surface condensation and aggravation in thermal comfort. This study intends to provide basic data by evaluating performance of triple layered Low-E windows, triple layered clear windows, double layered Low-E windows and double layered clear window used for expanded balconies and marketed within the country in terms of surface condensation and thermal environment through simulation. Results revealed that no surface condensation occurred at double layered Low-E windows and triple layered Low-E windows. Surface condensation took place at double layered clear windows and triple layered clear windows at a relative humidity of 60%. Thermal environment analysis suggested that double layered clear windows showed the most time falling into the range of comfort at $23^{\circ}C$. The figure were $22^{\circ}C$ for triple layered clear windows, $22^{\circ}C$ for double layered Low-E windows and $21^{\circ}C$ for triple layered Low-E windows.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.67-72
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• 2017

This paper presents on the evaluation of thermal comfort in office on offshore. In living quarter of offshore, strict air conditioning performance is required to office on offshore and displacement ventilation is applied to office space which rooms are required to confirm the thermal environment. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is performed to calculate the temperature, air velocity in office and thermal comfort such as PPM & PPD is evaluated by the CFD result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.88-93
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine theory about indoor thermal comfort-environment as well as to determine thermal sensation and physical responses for men in summer and winter indoor environment, under various air temperature and relative humidity, with male university students. Subjective Evaluation, Heart rate(Electrocardiogram, ECG), Electroencephalo gram(EEG) were examined. We found that comfort of people was achieved at SET*. 24.7$^{\circ}C$, -0.82${\alpha}$-wave) both in summer and in winter.