• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2004

Present study analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM10 pollution in Metropolitan Daegu area based on air pollution monitoring station data and measurements of PM10 concentrations in background area in order to provide essential data for efficient PM10 pollution management. The significant variation of spatial and temporal PM10 concentrations in Daegu area was observed during the study years. The highest maximum PM10 concentration(332 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥), average concentration(88 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) and frequency exceeding PM10 daily standard(150 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) were all observed in Namsandong located near a major roadway. The hourly and weekly variations of PM10 concentrations had different pattern for the measurement sites. The monthly and seasonal concentrations exhibited a notable characteristic： the maximum concentration was obtained in spring season, most likely due to Yellow sand effects. Furthermore, this temporal variation of PM10 pollution varied with study site. Meanwhile, the PM10 values measured at the monitoring site, Manchondong, were comparable with those of a control site. The average PM10 concentration ranged from 23 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ to 115 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ with a mean value of 53 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in the former site and from 22 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ to 91 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ with a mean value of 45 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in the latter site.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.588-609
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to provide information for improving the domestic particulate matter (PM) management. To achieve the study goal, we reviewed the past and current practice of PM management in the United States (US). Our review includes the assessment about the philosophical foundation and effectiveness of PM management, systematic program implementation to reach desirable PM conditions, and steady development of analytical tools including photochemical air quality models. We noticed that the current US PM management approach has improved annual $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations 22-48% in various parts of the US in the last 16 years. In addition, we analyzed strengths and difficulties in the past US PM management implementation. Based on the results of our analyses, we propose key elements to establish more effective domestic PM management in the future than now: steady investment in technological innovations and close-communications between local governments and the central government at various stages of PM management.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.689-698
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• 2007

Particular attention is paid to the validity of PM-10 measurement using beta attenuation method. In this study, the inter-comparison studies were undertaken for PM-10 sampler with different measuring methods. The three beta attenuation monitoring instruments (BAM1020, FH C-14, and DIGS-150) and filter based gravitational method using High Volume Air Sampler were collocated and mass concentrations were compared from August to November, 2006. The results of the investigation show that beta attenuation monitoring instruments are comparable with gravitational method within 10% of measurement error. For specific conditions under high humidity and high concentrations, the inter-comparison results also showed a relatively good agreement and this can be explained as the effect of inlet heating of beta attenuation instrument. Subsequently, this study shows that beta attenuation monitoring instruments can be equivalently used with reasonable validity when compared gravimetric method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Put Abstract text here. Recently, the Korea industry need systems engineering technology more than yesterday. The systems engineering management function is needed to use the systems engineering engine process effectively. The systems engineering management function is overlapped a lot with project management function and has vague interface. The project management and systems engineering are two independent disciplines. So there are few references which address the scope and relationships clearly between systems engineering management and project management. This paper suggest the scope and relationships between systems engineering management and project management and revise the PMP and SEMP structure of Blanchard and Fabrycky. Followings are the key concept of this paper presenting. The project management(PM) composed of technical management and non-technical management. The technical management scope is same with systems engineering management. The non-technical management scope is composed of parts of enterprise support processes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.372-377
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• 2005

This study was designed to examine the satisfaction of high school students with different types of foodservice management programs. The importance and the performance of foodservice management programs were evaluated based on the perceptions of high school students about food service characteristics affecting customer satisfactions. The average score of the attributes affecting the importance of school food service program was $4.27\pm0.49$ and the most important attribute was identified as 'the food safety $(4.68\pm0.67)$', followed by 'the taste of food $(4.66\pm0.65)$'. The average scores of all performance dimensions were lower than 3 point. 'Menu dimension' was rated as the lowest dimension $(2.61\pm0.89)$ and 'Food dimension $(2.79\pm0.70)$' was rated as the highest dimension. Significant differences among different types of foodservice management were perceived by respondents in the overall performance (F=40.244, p<0.001). Students who served by contract-conventional management rated significantly higher performance score on all of the performance attributes than the students served by other types of foodservice management. The results of the importance and the performance analysis present that student satisfaction is affected with the type of foodservice management programs and substantial differences lies between the perceptions of foodservice operations and students.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

To identify the primary factor affected the decreased $PM_{10}$ concentration in Seoul which is the capital city of Korea, wind speed and emissions in 2003 and 2004 were analyzed. The level of air pollution is intense in Seoul and continually increased since the late 1990s. However the concentration of $PM_{10}$ has been greatly declined recently. In particular, the concentration of $PM_{10}$ decreased 14% in 2003 and 2004 excluding the Asian dust periods. It is suggested that the major factors for the decrease are differences in wind speed between the two years and the period of constant breeze. In 2003, intense Asian dust events happened frequently and it increased the concentration of total $PM_{10}$. The intense dust events were influence by the speed and duration of the wind. It is considered that the meteorological condition was the primary drive for the change of the concentration of $PM_{10}$. The decreased emissions seem to be the additional factor for the change in the concentration of $PM_{10}$.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to establish PM-10 management manual for developing large scale sites by assessing the status of PM-10 reduction at ongoing large scale development sites. After analyzing the meteorological conditions and air quality characteristics of Sihwa MTV development site, ISCST3 (Industrial Source Complex Short Term Model 3) was implemented to predict PM-10 generation. The outcomes of ISCST3 modelling were utilized for verification of site survey data. As a result of applying air pollution modeling, the diffusion rate of PM-10 decreases according as the wind speed decreases. And the emission rate of PM-10 increase is linear to the concentration of PM-10. The reduction target of PM-10 can be derived quantitatively from the difference between the forecasted emission rate and the permissible emission limit of PM-10. The assessment of PM-10 characteristics which is deduced from ISCST3 and site survey can be practically applied to accomplish environmentally acceptable air quality manual for large scale development sites.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate job performance of dietitians. The survey also examined differences in job performance of dietitians by institutional classicification, types of task, levels of education and job experience. Data was collected form national samples. Results are summarized as follows. 1. By institutional classification, dietitians working in industry showed lowest score(3.0465${\pm}$.4151), which those working in hospital showed highest score(3.2883${\pm}$.4124) in job performance. 2. By types of task, the score of job performance is in order of hygience management(3.3933${\pm}$.4236), business management(3.3183${\pm}$.5435) and education management(2.3132${\pm}$.7551). 3. By educational level, dietitians who graduated universities scored higher than who graduated junior colleges in general. Specifically, the former had high scores in business management(3.4796${\pm}$.4692) and hygiene management, while the latter had high scores in hygiene management(3.3615${\pm}$.440) and business management, as in order. 4. By job experience, job performance increases after-3 year-experience and peaks in over-10 year-experience. 5. For reasons of negligence in specified taskes, 109 of respondents(22.7%) answered "don't know how to perform" and 108 of them(22.5%) answered "lack of human resources." Also, the lower in job experience the more answered "don't know how to perform" as a reason of negligence a their task(34.5% of below-2 year-experience and 24.2% of junior colleges answered to this reason).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.414-420
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• 2010

This study examines the combined effects of caloric restriction on body composition, blood lipid, and satiety in slightly overweight women by varying food density and aerobic exercise. Twenty-three women were randomly assigned to one of two groups for a four-week weight management program: the high-energy density diet plus exercise (HDE: n = 12, $22{\pm}2$ yrs, $65{\pm}7$ kg, $164{\pm}5$ cm, $35{\pm}4%$ fat) and low-energy density diet plus exercise (LDE: n = 11, $22{\pm}1$ yrs, $67{\pm}7$ kg, $161{\pm}2$ cm, $35{\pm}4%$ fat) groups. Subjects maintained a low-calorie diet (1,500 kcal/day) during the program. Isocaloric ($483{\pm}26$ for HDE, $487{\pm}27$ kcal for LDE) but different weight ($365{\pm}68$ for HDE, $814{\pm}202$ g for LDE) of lunch was provided. After lunch, they biked at 60% of maximum capacity for 40 minutes, five times per week. The hunger level was scaled (1: extremely hungry; 9: extremely full) at 17:30 each day. Before and after the program, the subjects' physical characteristics were measured, and fasting blood samples were drawn. The daily energy intake was $1,551{\pm}259$ for HDE and $1,404{\pm}150$ kcal for LDE (P > 0.05). After four weeks, the subjects' weights and % fat decreased for both LDE (-1.9 kg and -1.5%, P < 0.05) and HDE (-1.6 kg and -1.4%, respectively, P < 0.05). The hunger level was significantly higher for HDE ($2.46{\pm}0.28$) than for LDE ($3.10{\pm}0.26$) (P < 0.05). The results suggest that a low-energy density diet is more likely to be tolerated than a high-energy density diet for a weight management program combining a low-calorie diet and exercise, mainly because of a reduced hunger sensation.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.128-135
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• 2022

Because construction work is conducted outdoors, construction workers are affected by harmful environmental factor. Especially, Particulate Matter (PM₁₀) is one of the harmful environmental factors with a diameter of 10㎍/m³ or less. When PM₁₀ is inhaled by human, it can cause fatal impact on the human. Contrary to the various analyses of health impact on PM₁₀, the research on the relationship between construction accidents and PM₁₀ are few. Therefore, this study aims to conduct the relative frequency analysis which find out the correlation between construction accidents and PM₁₀, and the modified PM₁₀ grade is suggested to expect accidents probability caused by PM₁₀ in the construction industry. This study is conducted by four steps. i) Establishment of the database; ii) Classification of data; iii) Analysis of the Relative Frequency of accidents in the construction industry by PM₁₀ concentration; iv) Modified PM₁₀ groups to classify the impact of PM₁₀ on accident. In terms of frequency analysis, the most accidents were occurred in the average concentration of PM₁₀ (32㎍/m³). However, we found that the relative frequency of accident was increased as the concentration of PM₁₀ increased. This means the higher PM₁₀ concentration can cause more accidents during construction. In addition, PM₁₀ concentration was divided as 6 groups by the WHO, but the modified PM₁₀ grade by the relative frequency on accident was suggested as 3 groups.