• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2013

Measurement of the phosphorus concentration in aerosols in Beijing, which was a representative East Asian mega-city, was carried out. The optimum procedure for analyzing phosphorus in aerosols was found in this study. Recovery of phosphorus in environmental samples through the improved method was almost 100%. The concentration of phosphorus in TSP was $145{\pm}47\;ng/m^3$, with a seasonal variation showing high concentrations in winter and low concentrations in summer. The concentrations of phosphorus in $PM_{2.5}$ accounted for $35{\pm}6%$ of those in TSP, with no seasonal variations. The major source of phosphorus in aerosols in Beijing was soil dust, and additional sources of phosphorus in fine particles could be coal combustion and biomass burning.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.1642-1647
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• 2009

황사기간 중 천안시 대기 입자의 특성 변화를 파악하기 위해, Cascade Impactor를 장착한 High Volume Air Sampler를 이용하여 대기 시료를 채취하여, 대기 입자의 입경별 질량농도 및 이온, 금속 성분의 농도를 황사기간과 비황사기간에 비교 측정하였다. 황사기간 중 일평균 TSP, PM10, PM2.5 평균 농도가 각각 214.9, 160.3, 95.9${\mu}\;g/m^3$으로, 비황사기간에 비해 각각 평균 3.08, 2.58, 1.95배 증가하였으며, 최대 농도는 TSP, PM10, PM2.5가 각각 850.1, 534.4, 233.3${\mu}\;g/m^3$으로, 비황사기간에 비해 각각 12.19, 8.60, 4.76배까지 증가하였다. 황사기간 중 농도의 증가는 미세입자보다는 조대입자에서 현저하였으며, 미세입자와 조대입자 모두 수용성 이온성분의 증가는 미미한 반면, 토양의 주요 구성 성분인 Fe, Al, Ti의 증가가 뚜렷이 관측되어, 토양구성 금속성분이 황사기간 중 입자 농도 증가의 주요원인 물질임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1996

Effects of crustal species on the characteristics of ambient particles were studied by applying a gas-particle equilibrium model, SCAPE, to the measurements at Kosan, Cheju Island during the spring and summer, 1994. Two cases were simulated; the measured composition was used without any modification (case 1), and the metal ion concentrations originated from crust were subtracted from the measured particle composition (case 2). Total suspended particles (TSPs) were collected by an automatic high volume tape sampler during spring period and by high volume samplers during summer period. The fine particles, PM 2.5, and gaseous volatile species were collected using a filter pack smapler during summer period. The water soluble ion concentrations were analyzed from all the particle samples. According to the simulation results, the effect of crustal elements on the chemical composition of particles is negligible for both TSP particles and PM 2.5 particles. Acidity of particles measured at Kosan, however, is affected by the change of the concentrations of crustal species, stronger effects for TSP particles than for PM 2.5 particles during summer, and stronger effects during summer than spring for TSP particle. The average pH decrease due to the absence of crustal species was about 0.10 for PM 2.5 particle during summer and 1.51 and 0.85 for TSP particles during summer spring, respectively. Water contents of PM 2.5 particles for both cases are comparable to each other. Estimated water content of TSP particles for case 2 is higher than that for case 1 by about 4 $\sim 6 \mum/m^3$ because salts of metal ions are not hygroscopic.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2000

본 연구는 2.5-10% (w/v) trisodium phosphate (TSP) 및 0.5-2% (v/v)의 초산 용액에서 10분간 닭고기 (평균 500$\pm$30 g 중량) 다리의 표면을 침지한 다음 소매점(2$\pm$1。C) 및 4oC 냉장 동안 pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA)가 및 육색에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과이다. 2.5-10% TSP용액의 처리구는 처리 직후 대조구 보다 유의적으로 높은 pH 가를 나타내었으며 5-l0% TSP용액의 처리구는 저장 8일 까지 지속되었다 2.5-10%의 TSP용액의 처리구는 처리직후부터 저장 4일 까지 TBA가의 유의적 증가를 나타내었다. 0.5-2%초산용액의 처리구의 pH가는 처리직후 대조구보다 유의적 감소를 나타내었으며, 1.5-2%초산 처리구는 저장 16일 동안 지속되었다. 0.5-2%초산용액 처리구의 TBA가는 저장 4일 까지 대조구와 유의적 차이를 나타내었으며, 1.5-2%초산용액 처리구는 저장 8일 까지 지속되었다. 0.5-2%초산 용액 처리구의 Hunter color L$^+$ 가는 처리직후 대조구와 유의적 차이가 없었으며, 저장 4일과 12일에는 대조구와 유의적 차이를 나타내었다. 1-2%초산 용액 처리구의 Hunter color a$^+$가는 처리직후부터 저장 16일 동안 대조구와 유의적 차이가 있었다. 0.5-2%초산 용액 처리구의 Hunter color b$^+$ 가는 저장 4일에서 12일 동안 대조구와 유의적 차이가 없었었다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.353-354
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• 1999

입자상물질에 관한 초기연구는 TSP (Total Suspended Particle)에 집중되었으나, TSP만으로는 인체에 미치는 영향이나 시정악화 같은 현상을 정확하게 설명한 수 없었다. 보건학적 관점에서, PM10과 사망률사이에 강한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 조사된 바 있으며 (Pope et al, 1995), 특히 PM10 중에서 미세입자 (PM2.5미만)는 인체에 미치는 영향이 더욱 큰 것으로 알려지고 있다 (Joel et al., 1996). 이에 따라 입자상 물질의 규제 관리는 미세입자 측면에서 강화될 필요가 있다.(중략)

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.600-607
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• 2010

2008년 동아시아 대륙에서 발생기원이 다른 먼지(황사)와 인위적 오염입자의 광역적 이동 사례를 NOAA위성 RGB 합성영상과 지상 입경별 분진(TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$)의 질량농도 관측으로 분석하였다. 또한 Terra/Aqua 위성 MODIS(Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 센서의 AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)와 FW(Fine aerosol Weighting)를 통해 동아시아 지역에서 발생기원이 다른 대기 에어로졸의 분포와 입자 크기 특성을 분석하였다. 중국 북부와 몽골, 그리고 중국 황토고원에서 모래폭풍이 발생하여 광역적으로 이동하여 청원에 먼지입자(황사)로 영향을 주는 6 개의 사례분석을 실시하였다. 질량농도 TSP중 $PM_{10}$은 70%, $PM_{2.5}$는 16%로 조대입자(> $2.5\;{\mu}m$)의 비율이 큰 것은 사막과 반사막의 자연적 발생원에서 생성되었기 때문이다. 그러나, 모래 폭풍이 이동 과정에서 중국 동부의 산업 지역을 거쳐 유입하는 사례에서는 TSP 중 $PM_{2.5}$가 23%까지 증가하기도 했다. 중국 동부로부터 황해를 거쳐 한반도로 유입한 5개 다른 사례의 경우, TSP 중 $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$가 각각 82, 65%로 나타났다. 이와 같이 $PM_{2.5}$의 상대적 비율이 증가한 것은 인위적 오염입자의 영향 때문이다. 동아시아 지역에서 인위적 오염입자의 광역적 이동 사례에 대한 평균 AOD는 $0.42{\pm}0.17$로 황사에 의한 AOD($0.36{\pm}0.13$)와 비교하여 대기 에어로졸에 대한 비율이 높게 나타났다. 특히, 중국 동부에서 황해, 한반도, 동해에 이르는 광역적 지역에 AOD값이 높게 분포했다. 인위적 오염입자의 사례는 FW가 평균 $0.63{\pm}0.16$로 모래폭풍의 이동 사례의 $0.52{\pm}0.13$ 보다 높은 값을 보였다. 이는 대기 에어로졸에 대한 인위적 미세 오염 입자의 기여도가 클 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2013

The collection of TSP and $PM_{2.5}$ aerosols has been made at the Gosan Site of Jeju Island during 2008-2011, and their ionic and elemental species were analyzed, in order to examine the seasonal variation and characteristics of aerosol compositions. The anthropogenic components ($NH_4{^+}$, $nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, S, Zn, Pb) and the soil components ($nss-Ca^{2+}$, Al, Fe, Ca) showed high concentrations in spring as the prevailing westerly wind, but the concentrations of the sea-salt components ($Na^+$, $Cl^-$) were high in winter. In TSP, the neutralization by $NH_3$ increased in summer, but the neutralization by $CaCO_3$ increased in spring and fall seasons. The organic acids ($HCOO^-$, $CH_3COO^-$) contributed to the acidification of the aerosols by only 5.0%, so the acidification could be mostly contributed by the inorganic acids ($SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$). From the examination of the source origins by factor analysis, the compositions of TSP were influenced by the order of soil > anthropogenic > marine, on the other hand, those of $PM_{2.5}$ were by the order of anthropogenic > marine > soil. The backward trajectory analyses showed that the concentrations of $NH_4{^+}$, $nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $nss-Ca^{2+}$ increased highly when the air masses had moved from China continent into Gosan area of Jeju Island.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.380-391
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess airborne particulate matter pollution and its effect on health of residents living near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and its vicinities. Also, this study measured and analyzed the concentration of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals which influences on the environmental and respiratory disease in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex, Daegu, Korea. Methods: In this study, we analyzed various environmental pollutants such as particulate matter and heavy metals from Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex that adversely affected local residents's health. In particular, we verified the concentration distribution and characteristics of exposure for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ among particulate matters, and heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Mg). In that regard, the official test method on air pollution in Korea for analysis of particulate matter and heavy metal in atmosphere were conducted. The large capacity air sampling method by the official test method on air pollution in Korea were applied for sampling of heavy metals in atmosphere. In addition, we evaluated the concentration of seasonal environmental pollutants for each point of residence in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and surrounding area. The sampling measured periods for air pollutants were from August 11, 2013 to February 21, 2014. Furthermore, we measured and analyzed the seasonal concentrations(summer, autumn and winter). Results: The average concentration for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ by direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.7, 1.4 and 1.9 times higher than reference region. In analysis results of seasonal concentrations for particulate matter in four direct influence and reference area, concentration levels for winter were generally somewhat higher than concentrations for summer and autumn. The average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were $0.0008{\pm}0.0004{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0141{\pm}0.0163{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0248{\pm}0.0059{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0026{\pm}0.0011{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0272{\pm}0.0084{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.4855{\pm}0.1862{\mu}g/Sm^3$, and $0.3068{\pm}0.0631{\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. In particularly, the average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.9, 3.6, 2.1, 1.9, 1.4, 2.6, and 1.2 times higher than reference area, respectively. The continuous monitoring and management were required for some heavy metals such as Cr and Ni. Moreover, the average concentration in winter for particulate matter in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were generally higher than concentrations in summer and autumn. Also, average concentrations for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ were from 1.5 to 2.0 times, 1.2 to 1.8 times, and 1.1 to 2.3 times higher than reference area, respectively. In results for seasonal atmospheric environment, TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metal concentrations in direct influence area were higher than reference area. Especially, the concentrations in C station were a high level in comparison with other area. Conclusions: In the results, some particulate matters and heavy metals were relatively high concentration, in order to understand the environmental pollution level and health effect in surrounding area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex. The concentration of some heavy metals emitted from direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were relatively higher than reference area. In particular, average concentration for heavy metals in this study were higher than average concentrations in air quality monitoring station for heavy metal for 7 years in Deagu metropolitan region. Especially, the residents near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex may be exposed to the pollutants(TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals, etc) emitted from the factories in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.679-687
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• 2015

Atmospheric aerosol particles were investigated at GNTECH university in Jinju city. Samples were collected using the Nanosampler period from January to December 2014. The Nanosampler is a 6 stage cascade impactor(1 stage : > $10{\mu}m$, 2 stage : $2.5{\sim}10{\mu}m$, 3 stage : $1.0{\sim}2.5{\mu}m$, 4 stage : $0.5{\sim}10{\mu}m$, 5 stage : $0.1{\sim}0.5{\mu}m$, back-up : < $0.1{\mu}m$) with the stages having 50% cut-off ranging from 0.1 to $10{\mu}m$ in aerodynamic diameter. The mass size distribution of Atmospheric aerosol particles was unimodal with peak at $1.0{\sim}2.5{\mu}m$ or $0.5{\sim}1.0{\mu}m$. The annual average concentrations of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_1$, $PM_{0.5}$ and $PM_{0.1}$ were $44.0{\mu}g/m^3$, $40.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $31.4{\mu}g/m^3$, $18.0{\mu}g/m^3$, $8.0{\mu}g/m^3$, $3.0{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. On average $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_1$, $PM_{0.5}$ and $PM_{0.1}$ make up 0.91, 0.70, 0.41, 0.19 and 0.07 of TSP, respectively. The annual average of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratio was 0.77.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.505-516
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• 1994

For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data on air pollution in underground shopping center and also contributing to the health improvement of residents, the authors measured the level of $SO_2,\;NO_2,\;TSP,\;CO,\;CO_2$ and also some related factors as air temperature, air movement, relative humidity and mean radiation temperature at inside and outside of underground shopping center in Pusan from January to February and from July to August 1994. The results were as follows : 1. The mean concentration of CO within the underground shopping center was $3.1{\pm}1.3ppm$ in winter and $2.1{\pm}0.9ppm$ in summer. There was a negative correlation (p<0.01) between inner CO concentration and temperature in summer and no correlation between inner CO concentration and outer CO concentration in underground shopping center 2. The mean concentration of COE within the underground shopping center was $876{\pm}353ppm$ in winter and $757{\pm}125ppm$ in summer. There was a negative correlation (p<0.01) between inner $CO_2$ concentration and air movement in summer and positive correlation (p<0.05) between inner $CO_2$ concentration and outer $CO_2$ concentration in underground shopping center. 3. The mean concentration of $SO_2$ within a underground shopping center was $0.036{\pm}0.019ppm$ in winter and $0.040{\pm}0.013ppm$ in summer. There was a positive correlation(p<0.01) between inner $SO_2$ concentration and temperature in summer and positive correlation between inner $SO_2$ concentration and outer $SO_2$ concentration in summer and winter in underground shopping center. 4. The mean concentration of $NO_2$ within a underground shopping center was $0.052{\pm}0.038ppm$ in winter and $0.042{\pm}0.016ppm$ in summer. There was a no correlation between inner $SO_2$ concentration and thermal factors in summer and winter and low correlation between inner $SO_2$ concentration and outer $SO_2$ concentration in underground shopping center 5. The mean concentration of TSP within a underground shopping center was $430{\pm}214{\mu}g/m^3$ in winter, $366{\pm}73{\mu}g/m^3$ in summer, and very in excess of the atmospheric environmental quality standards of Korea ($150{\mu}g/m3{\downarrow}$). There was low correlation between inner TSP concentration and temperature in summer and high correlation between inner TSP concentration and outer TSP concentration in underground shopping center.