• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1533-1541
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• 2016

Samples of doenjang (a fermented soybean paste) were prepared with different types of salts; purified salt (PS), 3-year-aged solar salt (SS3), 1-year-aged solar salt (SS1), and bamboo salt (BS, 3^rd processing product). For starter doenjang samples, selected starters comprising two bacilli, one yeast, and one fungus were inoculated, whereas for non-starter doenjang samples, microorganisms present in rice straw were inoculated after enrichment. The doenjang samples were fermented for 13 weeks at 25℃. During the fermentation period, SS and BS doenjang samples showed higher bacilli counts as well as much lower yeast counts than PS doenjang. At 13 weeks, yeast counts of starter doenjang samples were 7.75, 5.69, 6.08, and 4.74 log CFU/g for PS, SS3, SS1, and BS doenjang, respectively. For non-starter doenjang samples, counts were 7.17, 5.05, 5.92, and 4.54 log CFU/g for PS, SS3, SS1, and BS doenjang, respectively. SS and BS promoted growth of bacilli but inhibited growth of yeasts compared with PS. Debaryomyces hansenii was the dominant yeast in PS doenjang, whereas Candida guilliermondii and Pichia sorbitophila were dominant in SS and BS doenjang. In the sensory evaluation, SS and BS doenjang scored better than PS doenjang. In conclusion, SS and BS seem better than PS for production of high-quality doenjang.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1863-1870
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• 2015

Fibrinolytic enzyme genes (aprE2, aprE176, and aprE179) were introduced into the Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome without any antibiotic resistance gene. An integration vector, pDG1662, was used to deliver the genes into the amyE site of B. subtilis 168. Integrants, SJ3-5nc, SJ176nc, and SJ179nc, were obtained after two successive homologous recombinations. The integration of each fibrinolytic gene into the middle of the amyE site was confirmed by phenotypes (Amy-, Spec^S) and colony PCR results for these strains. The fibrinolytic activities of the integrants were higher than that of B. subtilis 168 by at least 3.2-fold when grown in LB broth. Cheonggukjang was prepared by inoculating each of B. subtilis 168, SJ3-5nc, SJ176nc, and SJ179nc, and the fibrinolytic activity of cheonggukjang was 4.6 ± 0.7, 10.8 ± 0.9, 7.0 ± 0.6, and 8.0 ± 0.2 (U/g of cheonggukjang), respectively at 72 h. These results showed that construction of B. subtilis strains with enhanced fibrinolytic activities is possible by integration of a strong fibrinolytic gene via a marker-free manner.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of greenhouse cooling by a geothermal heat pump system on greenhouse temperature and growth of vegetable transplants in summer season. Greenhouse air temperature in day time was $3-4^{\circ}C$ lower in fog plus shading system than in shading, while in night time that was $5-7^{\circ}C$ lower in geothermal heat pump (GHP) plus shading system compared to shading or fogplus shading. system. Plant height of cucumber, tomato and hot pepper transplants was shortened in GHP plus shading compared to shading or fog plus shading system. And Leaf area and dry weight were slightly decreased in GHP plus shading compared to the other systems. Therefore, healthy transplant index on cucumber, tomato and hot pepper was higher in GHP plusshading than in shading or fogplusshading system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3253-3258
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• 2012

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) plus chemotherapy versus WBRT alone for treating brain metastases (BM) from lung cancer by performing a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: The PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, ASCO, ESMO, CBM, CNKI, and VIP databases were searched for relevant RCTs performed between January 2000 and March 2012. After quality assessment and data extraction, the meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1 software, with funnel plot evaluation of publication bias. Results: 19 RCTs involving 1,343 patients were included. The meta-analyses demonstrated that compared to WBRT alone, WBRT plus chemotherapy was more effective with regard to the objective response rate (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.79 - 2.98; P < 0.001); however, the incidences of gastrointestinal reactions (RR = 3.82, 95% CI = 2.33 - 6.28, P <0.001), bone marrow suppression (RR = 5.49, 95% CI = 3.65 - 8.25, P < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (RR = 5.83, 95% CI = 0.39 - 86.59; P = 0.20), leukopenia (RR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.77 - 5.51; P < 0.001), and neutropenia (RR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.61 - 4.68; P < 0.001) in patients treated with WBRT plus chemotherapy were higher than with WBRT alone. There was no obvious publication bias detected. Conclusion: WBRT plus chemotherapy can obviously improve total efficacy rate, butalso increases the incidence of adverse reactions compared to WBRT alone. From the limitations of this study, more large-scale, high-quality RCTs are suggested for further verification.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the tick species and give background for tick-borne investigations in Korea. Ticks were collected from the area within 2 km radius of the 4 domestic animal farms, where they were located in mountainous areas and raising animals on pasture, and from animal bodies in 2014 and 2015. In total, 7,973 nymphal and adult ticks were collected from the farms - 7,758 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 198 Haemaphysalis flava, and 17 Ixodes nipponensis, and 1,763 were collected from animals - 729 H. longicornis from cattle; 569 H. longicornis from goats; and 297 H. longicornis, 118 H. flava, 1 I. nipponensis, and 49 Amblyomma testudinarium from wild boars. As more species of ticks were collected from wild boars than domesticated animals and their habitats, various animal hosts should be considered while investigating tick species.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.717-727
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• 2015

Although the NutriPlus program has shown considerable evidence of enhancing users' nutritional status, the budget does not cover all eligible mothers and children. This study aimed to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the NutriPlus program to assess its economic efficiency. 53 families with 79 users in the NutriPlus program at Daejeon Dong-gu Health Center participated in this study with informed consent. The costs and benefits were estimated from both the administrator's and users' perspectives. We converted the time cost into Korean currency based on the minimum wage in 2014. The value of nutrition education and service (B2), estimated by contingency valuation method (CVM), was counted as an economic benefit. 6 families (11.3%) were recipients of national medical care and 22 families (41.5%) paid 10% of the food package cost by themselves. The total cost was \7,450,167 and the total benefit was \12,402,239. The budget for the health center (C1+C2+C3+C4) was \5,984,381 a month. Time and transportation cost for receiving nutrition education (C6) differed significantly according to the economic status of families. Household food consumption increase (C4-B4) was 40,379 in the poverty group, which was four times more than in the other groups. The net benefit (B-C) was \4,852,172 and the B/C ratio was 1.66. Therefore, the NutriPlus program is beneficial in the economic aspect as well as in the nutritional aspect. If the enhancement of nutritional status was also considered, the total benefit would be even higher. These results confirm the legitimacy of a secure budget for the NutriPlus program. And we suggest expanding its budget to cover more eligible individuals to improve people's health and welfare.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.457-466
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• 2017

In the case of failed fixed implant prosthesis accompanied by abutment screw fracture, fractured screw fragment must be removed to use the existing implant fixtures. A 61-year-old male patient, who had a failed maxillary fixed implant prosthesis accompanied by three abutment screw fracture, hoped to reconstruct the maxillary implant prosthesis, while maintaining the existing implant fixtures. To use the existing implant fixtures, fractured screw fragments were removed. A maxillary implant overdenture using available existing implants was planned. Bar-attachment with Locator was used for implant splinting, denture stability, and retention. Final impression was taken after treatment of peri-implantitis. Jaw relation registration was taken to evaluate available interarch space for bar-attachment. After fabricating bar-attachment, centric relation was taken. Implant overdenture using bar-attachment with Locator was delivered after wax-denture evaluation. This case report showed that a satisfactory clinical result was achieved by implant overdenture using existing implant fixtures in a maxillary edentulous patient.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.25.1-25.12
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• 2021

Objectives: This study used micro-computed tomography (µCT) to compare voids and interfaces in single-cone obturation among AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) sealers and to determine the percentage of sealer contact at the dentin and gutta-percha (GP) interfaces. Materials and Methods: Fifteen single-rooted human teeth were shaped using ProTaper NEXT size X5 rotary files using 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. Roots were obturated with a single-cone ProTaper NEXT GP point X5 with AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, or prototype S-PRG sealer (n = 5/group). Results: The volumes of GP, sealer, and voids were measured in the region of 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, and 6-8 mm from the apex, using image analysis of sagittal µCT scans. GP volume percentages were: AH Plus (75.5%), EndoSequence BC (87.3%), and prototype S-PRG (94.4%). Sealer volume percentages were less: AH Plus (14.3%), EndoSequence BC (6.8%), and prototype S-PRG (4.6%). Void percentages were AH Plus (10.1%), EndoSequence BC (5.9%), and prototype S-PRG (1.0%). Dentin-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 82.4% ± 6.8%, 71.6% ± 25.3%, and 70.2% ± 9.4%, respectively. GP-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 65.6% ± 29.1%, 80.7% ± 25.8%, and 87.0% ± 8.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Prototype S-PRG sealer created a low-void obturation, similar to EndoSequence BC sealer with similar dentin-sealer contact (> 70%) and GP-sealer contact (> 80%). Prototype S-PRG sealer presented comparable filling quality to EndoSequence BC sealer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.120-120
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• 2003

고능력 젖소와 보통능력 젖소의 번식능력을 비교하기 위하여 progesterone을 분석하여 분만후 초발정일을 추정하였고, 번식자료를 통하여 분만 후 번식성적을 조사하였으며, 또한 비유능력 및 Body condition score(BCS) 에 따른 $PGF_2a + PGF_2a+CIDR$ program 투입 효과를 구명하기 위하여 분만 후 40일째에 $PGF_2a$를 1차 처리한 후 발정이 발현되지 않은 개체에 대하여 1 차 처리후 14일째에 다시 2차 $PGF_2a$를 처리하였고 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리후에도 발정이 발현되지 않은 개체에 대하여 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리후 5일째에 CIDR plus를 처리하여 발정유기율을 조사분석하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만후 progesterone peak를 나타내는 일수는 각각 $38.8 \pm 11.1$ 및 $39.6 \pm 9.7$일로 거의 비슷한 경향을 나타내었음 나. 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만후 발정재귀일수는 각각 $99.4 \pm 71.6$ 및 $117 7 \pm 78.6$일로 고능력우에서 18.3일 늦어지는 경향이었음 다 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만후 수태일수에 있어서 각각 $145.9 \pm 102.8$및 $165.9 \pm 100.8$일로 고능력우에서 20일 늦어지는 경향이었음 라. 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만간격에 있어서 각각 421.5 \pm 107.2$ 및 $448.4 \pm 108.7$일로 고능력우에서 26.9일 늦어지는 경향을 나타내었음 마 보통능력우와 고능력우에 있어서 1차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 39.1% 및 60.0%, 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 42.9% 및 70.0%, CIDR plus 처리시 50.0% 및 66.7%의 발정 유기율을 나타내었음 바. BCS에 따라 $PGF_2a + PGF_2a+CIDR$ plus program을 투입한 결과 BCS 2.5 이하와 BCS 2.75-3.50에 있어서 1차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 47.4% 및 48.3%, 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 40.0% 및 66.7%, CIDR plus 처리시 각 각 50.0% 및 80.0%의 발정 유기율을 나타내었음

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10375-10379
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• 2015

Background: XELOX plus bevacizumab (XELOX-Bev) and FOLFIRI plus Bevacizumab (FOLFIRI - Bev) treatments are an effective strategies patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).The aim of this study was to compare efficacy of first-line XELOX-Bev treatment vs FOLFIRI-Bev treatment for mCRC. Materials and Methods: A total of 409 patients with mCRC who received chemotherapy were included and divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=298) received XELOX-Bev and Group 2 (n=111) FOLFIRI-Bev. Comparisons were made in terms of overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival, response rate (RR), and grade 3-4 toxicity. Results: Median follow-up was 11 months in Group 1 and 15 months for Group 2. Complete remission was observed in 29 (9.7%) and 2 (1.8%) patients, partial remission in 139 (46.6%) and 27 (24.5%), stable disease in 88 (29.5%) and 49 (44.1%) and progressive disease in 42 (14.1%) and 33 (30.0%) patients in Group 1 and 2, respectively. Median OS was 25 months (range 2-57 months, 95%CI; 22.2-27.7) for Group 1 and 20 months (range 1-67 months, 95%CI; 16.8-23.1) for Group 2 (p=0.036). Median PFS was 9.6 months (range 2-36 months, 95%CI; 8.8-10.4) for Group 1 and 9 months (range 1-44 months, 95%CI; 7.4-10.5) for Group 2 (p=0.019). Objective RR was 56.4% in Group 1 and 26.1% in Group 2 (p<0.001). Conclusions: First-line XELOX-Bev is more effective with a better response rate, prolongation of median PFS/OS, and a superior safety profile compared with FOLFIRI-Bev.