• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.178-181
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• 1996

A medicinal herb, Scutellaria baicalensis G., can be a potential cash crop if proper cultural practices are established with proper genotypes. In this report the current status and future measure in cultivation of Scutellaria baicalensis G. in the southern parts of Korea are illustrated. We hope that this report stimulates research to investigate for the establishment of not only cultural practices such as sowing period after harvesting of barley, fertilizer application, planting density, weed control, and disease and insect control but also ideotype and disease resistant genotypes for the high yield of the herb.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.6_1
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• pp.439-446
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• 2013

This paper is about assessment of soil loss in irrigation reservoir based on GIS. Natural disaster caused by soil loss whose natural incidence has been rapidly reduced due to successful tree planting campaign shows high potential risk, since the latest localized heavy rain resulted from extreme weather event and artificial land development acts as direct factors for land disaster. To prevent it, various techniques and technologies have been used to predict effect of soil loss. However, reliability of techniques and technologies to predict its effect precisely is relatively low so far because the natural disaster by soil loss is taken place by complicated interaction between possible factors and direct factors. Geospatial approach is essential to examine these interactions. In this regard, this study will provide detailed plan to improve prediction reliability for soil loss of irrigation reservoir, using GIS that has Hydrologic -Topographical parameter and digital map as its input parameters.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Since SRC (Short-term Rotation Coppice) such as poplar and willow can be harvested in three years, they are known to be a potential forest biomass as fuel for a power plant. The production system including transplanting and harvesting is, however, necessary to be mechanized because such a biomass should be handled in a massive volumetric size. A pull-type stem-cutting transplanter was developed in the research as the first step to realize the production of SRC. A needle-like transplanting device pushes a stem-cutting into the prepared soil bed by a pneumatic cylinder, and another device firms soil around a stem-cutting transplanted. Since this is an intermittent operation, it was necessary to develop a zero horizontal velocity mechanism which enabled only the transplanting needle part to continue a zero horizontal movement relative to the ground during the transplanting operation even when the tractor kept moving forward. The 2-row transplanter can transplant stem-cuttings at the rate of 6.5 seconds per row without missing a single attempt. The planting depth and distance were well maintained and controlled. Their CVs were between 2.1~3.4% and 0.87~1.7% for the depth and the distance, respectively. Although, the transplanted stem-cuttings tended to lean outward from the back-view and forward from the side view, they were planted within the range of $3^{\circ}$ from the upright position.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2007

Tuber yield and content of general component and diosgenin which is a main bioactive property were investigated in order to determine the growth characteristics of round typed yam (Dungeon-ma, Dioscorea opposita L.) and the potential of artificial culture at Suwon, Korea. Sprouting rates of segmented small tubers such as 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12g were respectively 60.3, 80.5, 85.3, 98.6 and 99.3% when they were investigated 30 days after planting. Segmented small tubers of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12g enlarged respectively to 66, 87, 98, 120, and 140g in the green-house cultivation. Segmented small tubers of 3, 7, 12, 18, and 23g enlarged respectively to 35.2, 124.7, 142.7, 174.8, and 200,7g in the open-air field cultivation.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2018

Degraded plantation forests are increasing because of unfavorable forestry conditions prevailing in Japan, including falling timber prices, increasing operational costs, and aging and declining forestry workforce. To remedy this situation, appropriate management strategy is required. This study introduces the challenges of Odai Town, Mie Prefecture that employed a new management strategy by evaluating site suitability for conifer forests and that proposes a new forest management regime of planting deciduous trees in unsuitable sites. The site suitability for conifer forests was evaluated from two aspects: the natural site conditions and the relationship among site conditions, growth, and damage by Anaglyptus subfasciatus Pic. in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. Et Zucc. forests. By analyzing the relationship among site conditions, growth, and insect damage based on field data obtained in plantation forests, growth evaluation and insect damage evaluation maps were developed. Based on the natural forest investigation, natural site condition maps for C. japonica and C. obtusa were established. Furthermore, by integrating these evaluation maps with the forest road maps showing the accessibility to the forest, the forest management regime for the whole plantation area of Odai Town was established. The forest management regime map indicates the sites suitable for forestry: suitable for long-rotation, short-rotation, and potential sites for short-rotation. The sites unsuitable for forestry were considered to be more suitable for broadleaved forests. Clear-cutting was conducted in a small area and different seral stage saplings (approximately 20 deciduous tree species) suitable to the site conditions were planted in an area of $80-120m^2$ protected by deer-fences. This might establish a forest composed of many species with a multilayer vertical forest structure in a short period. The planted saplings were distributed neither randomly nor uniformly to reflect the natural distribution of trees in the forest. A challenge to develop new products using the deciduous trees has started, such as wood chips for preparing smoked food, essential oil, and deodorizer. As these challenges have just begun, their effects on enhancing sustainable resource management are still being monitored. Even with the challenges, this regime can be of high value as a management strategy to remedy the situation of expansion of degraded forests in Japan.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2009

To investigate the possible applications of plants to remediate heavy-metal-contaminated soil, a pilot experiment was performed for four years in a reclaimed dredging area using two Alnus species, i.e., Alnus firma and Alnus hirsuta. In a comparison of phytomass of the two species at two different planting densities, the phytomass of Alnus planted at low density was twice as high as that of Alnus planted at high density after four years. The Alnus species showed active acclimation to the heavy-metal-contaminated soil in a reclaimed dredging area. A. hirsuta showed greater accumulation of phytomass than A. firma, indicating that it is the better candidate for the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils. In the pilot system, Alnus plants took metals up from the soil in the following order; Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > As > Cd. Uptake rates of heavy metals per individual phytomass was higher for Alnus spp. planted at low density than those planted at high density in the pilot system. Low plant density resulted in higher heavy metal uptake per plant, but the total heavy metal concentration was not different for plants planted at low and high density, suggesting that the plant density effect might not be important with regard to total uptake by plants. The quantity of leached heavy metals below ground was far in excess of that taken up by plants, indicating that an alternative measurement is required for the removal of heavy metals that have leached into ground water and deeper soil. We conclude that Alnus species are potential candidates for phytoremediation of heavy-metal- contaminated surface soil in a reclaimed dredging area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2017

Swampland is a potential alternative land to be used in various agricultural production activities in Indonesia, because Indonesia have 33.41 million hectares of swamp land that consists of 13.28 million hectares nontidal swamp and million hectares 20.13 tidal swamp. In the province of South Sumatra, because of unpredictable water level in the field before planting, farmers have been doing agronomic adaptation method through the delay time of transplanting and forced to apply more than one the nursery practice with the combination of a floating nursery method and a dry-bed nursery method. This study was aimed to (1) evaluate the seedling growth and tillering pattern of several popular Indonesian rice varieties, and (2) look for alternative technologies to get a better rice seedlings under two nursery methods in the nontidal swamp land. In the first experiment, the seedling growth characteristics of five rice varieties (Ciherang, Inpara 5, Inpara 9, Inpari 29, and Inpari 30) was evaluated by two methods of nursery, i.e. floating nursery and dry-bed nursery. In the second experiment, rice variety of Inpari 30 was treated with Zn seed priming and foliar fertilizer of 2,300 ppm N at the nursery stage. Those treatments were combined with the time of seedling under floating and dry-bed nursery. The results of the first experiment showed that of the five varieties tested, dry-bed nursery method showed better seedling growth than floating nursery. This was indicated by high leaf number, tiller number, tillers pattern, shoot-root ratio and relative growth rate. Ciherang and Inpari 30 showed high tiller number, and they had produced tertiary tiller in the sixth week of observation. Moreover, shorter period of floating and dry-bed nursery in combination with the treatment of Zn seed priming and spraying seedling with foliar fertilizer N could improve the growth of seedlings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.463-472
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• 2003

Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz), an annual tropical tuber crop, was nutritionally evaluated as a foliage for ruminants, especially dairy cattle. Cultivation of cassava biomass to produce hay is based on a first harvest of the foliage at three months after planting, followed every two months thereafter until one year. Inter-cropping of leguminous fodder as food-feed between rows of cassava, such as Leucaena leucocephala or cowpea (Vigna unculata), enriches soil fertility and provides additional fodder. Cassava hay contained 20 to 25% crude protein in the dry matter with good profile of amino acids. Feeding trials with cattle revealed high levels of DM intake (3.2% of BW) and high DM digestibility (71%). The hay contains tannin-protein complexes which could act as rumen by - pass protein for digestion in the small intestine. As cassava hay contains condensed tannins, it could have subsequent impact on changing rumen ecology particularly changing rumen microbes population. Therefore, supplementation with cassava hay at 1-2 kg/hd/d to dairy cattle could markedly reduce concentrate requirements, and increase milk yield and composition. Moreover, cassava hay supplementation in dairy cattle could increase milk thiocyanate which could possibly enhance milk quality and milk storage, especially in small holder-dairy farming. Condensed tannins contained in cassava hay have also been shown to potentially reduce gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants and therefore could act as an anthelmintic agent. Cassava hay is therefore an excellent multi-nutrient source for animals, especially for dairy cattle during the long dry season, and has the potential to increase the productivity and profitability of sustainable livestock production systems in the tropics.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2004

A long-term growth simulation was performed at 99 land units in Yeoncheon county to test the potential adaptability of each land unit for growing soybean cultivars. The land units for soybean cultivation(CZU), each represented by a geographically referenced land patch, were selected based on land use, soil characteristics, and minimum arable land area. Monthly climatic normals for daily maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, number of rain days and solar radiation were extracted for each CZU from digital climate models(DCM). The DCM grid cells falling within a same CZU were aggregated to make spatially explicit climatic normals relevant to the CZU. A daily weather dataset for 30 years was randomly generated from the monthly climatic normals of each CZU. Growth and development parameters of CROPGRO-soybean model suitable for 2 domestic soybean cultivars were derived from long-term field observations. Three foreign cultivars with well established parameters were also added to this study, representing maturity groups 3, 4, and 5. Each treatment was simulated with the randomly generated 30 years' daily weather data(from planting to physiological maturity) for 99 land units in Yeoncheon to simulate the growth and yield responses to the inter-annual climate variation. The same model was run with input data from the Crop Experiment Station in Suwon to obtain a 30 year normal performance of each cultivar, which was used as a "reference" for evaluation. Results were analyzed with respect to spatial and temporal variation in yield and maturity, and used to evaluate the suitability of each land unit for growing a specific cultivar. A computer program(MAPSOY) was written to help utilize the results in a decision-making procedure for agrotechnology transfer. transfer.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.49-55
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• 1984

Dormant one-year-old ginseng roots were subjected to a range of stratification temperatures and time to define effective limits to these parameters and to quantify their effect on terminating dormancy. Effective storage temperatures tested ranged from $0^{\circ}C\;to\;9^{\circ}C.$ A low percentage of roots produced tops with as few as 30 days in stratification; however, 75 to 90 days were required for 100 percent emergence. Days to emergence, after planting, decreased with increased days in storage thru the maximum storage time of 120 days. The number of days of dormancy was relatively constant, near 126.5 days, over the range of effective temperatures and acceptable storage times. The minimum period of dormancy was associated with 75 days in storage at $3^{\circ}C.$ Root growth rate, after emergence, was greatest following 105 days of stratification. The frequency distribution of emergence with days in stratification suggests the potential of selecting for strains of ginseng with low chilling needs for satisfying dormancy requirements.