• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.236-248
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 서울시에 조성된 아파트단지내 녹지를 대상으로 식재개념, 식재밀도, 식재유형 및 패턴 등 배식특성을 조사.분석하여 개선방안을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 대상지는 아파트단지 녹지면적이 크게 달라지는 시기의 대표대상지인 1978년에 준공된 강서구 화곡주공아파트(2단지)(용적률:99%), 1983년에 준공되 강남구 삼익그린아파트(2차)(용적률:175%), 1992년에 준공된 강서구 동신대아아파트(용적률:225%)를 선정하였으며 녹지를 전면녹지, 측면녹지, 후면녹지로 구분하였다. 대상지의 녹지유형별 식재개념은 경관식재로만 이루어져 시기에 따른 차이는 없었으며 식재종에 있어서도 외래종 조경수목이 주를 이루어 녹지공간별 차이는 없었다. 아파트단지의 식재밀도은 교목 및 아교목층 0.0~0.2주/$m^{2}$로 관목층의 식재밀도가 부족하였으나 조성시기에 따른 식재밀도의 차이는 없었다. 층위구조는 교목.아교목층과 관목층 수목이 각각 다른 위치에 평면적으로 식재된 단층구조이었으며 녹지공간과 관계없이 독립식재, 열식재, 부등변삼각식재가 주로 활용되었다. 아파트 단지내 녹지는 공가별 식재개념에 따라 식재종, 식재밀도, 층위구조, 식재패턴이 다양하게 이루어져야 하므로 식재개념에 차별화시키기 위하여 전면녹지는 시각적 차폐와 미적인 기능, 후면녹지는 녹지량 증지 및 생태적 개념, 측면녹지는 녹지량을 증진을 주된 목적으로 조성할 것을 제안하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.321-337
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 경기도 용인시 학고개지역에서 도로건설에 의하여 훼손된 산림지역의 브릿지형 생물이동통로 식재계획을 수립하고자 실시하였다. 연구내용은 대상지 및 주변지역 자연생태계 조사 분석단계와 식재계획단계로 구분하여 실시하였다. 자연생태계 조사분석은 지형구조, 식물군집구조, 동물서식구조를 분석하였으며, 식재계획은 이동종선정, 식재공간구분 및 개념, 식재종 및 식재밀도를 제시하였고, 식재기본계획도를 작성하였다. 대상지의 지형구조는 산림능선을 훼손한 급경사 지형에 브릿지형의 생물이동통로 유형 조성이 가능하였고 동물의 이동은 생물이동통로 양쪽 끝부분에만 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 식물군집구조 분석은 도로를 기점으로 동서 지역으로 구분하여 실시하였다. 이들 두 지역 모두 산복과 산록부는 졸참나무와 굴참나무가 우점종인 군집이었으며, 능선부에는 소나무림이 토지극상으로 분포하였고 이들 두 지역간 유사성도 높은 상태이었다. 야생동물서식구조는 야생조류와 일부 포유류를 대상으로 하였으며, 야생조류는 총 7종 57개체, 설치류는 2종 2개체가 관찰되었다. 식재계획에서 이동목표종은 야생조류와 일부 포유류로 설정하였고, 이들 종의 이동을 위한 식재공간은 야생조류 이 동 및 서식 공간과 포유류 이동지 역 을 구분하였으며 , 세부적으로 완충지역으로 브릿지 입출구 사면지역의 관목식재지, 차폐식재지, 양쪽 산림지역과 연결된 급경사지역 초본식물 군락식재지, 야생동물 유도식재지 야생조류 이동을 위한 군락식재지, 포유동물 이동을 위한 군락식재지, 야생조류 서식처 조성을 위한 군락식재지로 구분하였다. 식재종은 주변산림지역에서 상재도가 높은 종을 중심으로 선정하였고 각 공간별 식재밀도를 고려하여 식재기본계획도를 작성하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.140-151
• /
• 2001

This study based on the theoretical understanding of multi-layer planting which have engineering, ecological and landscape benefits, was conducted to find out the status of multi-layer planting in the apartment and neighborhood park in Seoul. This study was also aimed to seek for the problematic matters, and suggest a solution on the current multi-layer planting. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Since landscape woody plants have been classified just as tree and shrub in Korea, the classification for the multi-layer planting has been unreasonable, and landscape woody plants might have been classified as tree, sub-tree and shrub, or upper, middle, and lower-layer, It could be defined that upper layer is over eight meters in full growth, middle over 3-8 meters and lower under 3 meters. 2) In apartments, the upper layer consisted of eighteen species, the middle and lower layer seven species each. In neighborhood parks, the upper layer consisted of fifteen species, and the middle and lower layer five species each. 3) In terms of planting year of the surveyed areas, there were no differences in the number of species when planting year of the apartment was divided into two groups, the first half(1900-1995) and the second(1996-2000). But, in terms of individual occupation, the percentage was decreased in upper layer, while there was increasing in middle and lower layer. 4) As the result of survey of multi-layered area, it appeared that apartment was shown 0.65 percent and neighborhood park 0.61 percent of the planted area, which was less than 1 percentage of landscape architecturally planted area. 5) In apartment, the number of individual in middle layers has been increased in the first half and the second, but with respect to the correlation with multi-layered area, the apartments had the "$\rho$=0.208", saying that increasing middle layer was scattered planting instead of multi-layered planting. 6) In planting at the apartments in Korea, the planting density was limited, because the layer division was restricted to only tree and shrub. On the contrary, it was divided into upper, middle and lower tree in Japan. Therefore, in Korea, it should be classified as the planting density by dividing into tree, sub-tree, and shrubs, or upper, middle and lower tree by the law. And, it should be considered that the multi-layered planting has a proper organic relation as well as the planting density.g density.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제61권2호
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 2016

A double-cropping system with soybean (Glycine max) following the cultivation of potato, garlic, and onion is widely adopted in the southern region of Korea. For this system, marginal dates for planting must be determined for profitable soybean yields, because the decision to plant soybean as a second crop is occasionally delayed by harvest of the first crop and weather conditions. In order to investigate the effect of planting date on soybean yield, three cultivars (early and late maturity) were planted on seven different dates from May 1 to July 30 in both paddy and upland fields across 2012 and 2013. Soybean yields were significantly different among the planting dates and the cultivars; however, the interaction between cultivar and planting date was not significant. Based on linear regression, the maximum yield of soybean was reached with a June 10 planting date, with a sharp decline in yield for crops planted after this date. The results of this study were consistent with those of a previous one that recommends early and mid-June as the optimum planting period. Regardless of soybean ecotype, a reduction in yield of greater than 20% occurred when soybean was planted after mid-July. Frost during soybean growth can reduce yields, and the late maturity cultivars planted on July 30 were damaged by frost before completing maturation and harvest; however, early maturity cultivars were safely harvested. For sufficient time to develop and reach profitable yields, the planting of soybean before mid-July is recommended.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.86-95
• /
• 2003

It had been strictly prohibited to plant in waterway according to Korea laws and regulations. It was then made possible to plant by the modification law and regulation of 10/30/1997. In 2000, the Seoul metropolis government planted in the Yeoyido flood plain park in Han river by way of showing the model case. This planting design is for the Yeoyido flood plain park along the Han river, in Seoul. The design requirements were to create a pleasant rest area, to improve the surrounding landscape, and to create diverse ecological habitats by planting within the stability of flood flow. This design emphasizes the following design requirements that has positive effect on stabilizing flood flow. First, planting suitable in a area was determined by the speed of a current of less than 0.7m/sec under various numerical value simulations. Second, plants were selected in existing trees of the present and the past Han river, as well as the questionnaire results from landscape professional engineers and professors. Shade plants were planted in the large visiting areas so as to offer pleasant shade in the summer, the ecological planting pattern was applied in the area with low speed of flood flow, so as to aid the restoration of the natural ecological environment. It was found that the foresaid planting design verified the stability of flood flow and wind by overturn limit moment calculation. It is expected that this plan would serve environmentally friendly planting plans in flood plain park.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.31-35
• /
• 1991

In order to know the optimum planting density under shading structures at different light intensity, We investigated the growth status, distribution of ginseng leaf area, correlation between planting density and root weight per plant and yield, correlation between leaf area index and root weight per plant and yield. According to the increase of planting density the leaf area per plant was decreased, but leaf area index (L.A.I) was increased. Ginseng leaf population at different lines under common straw shading were distributed mainly in frost lines but polyethylene net shading at 10fo light intensity were distributed equally in all lines. Optimum planting density in common straw shading at 5% light intensity was 55 plant per tan (90 cmX180 cm) and polyethylene net shading 81 10% light intensity was 60 plant per tan, in consideration of root weight and yield. Optimum leaf area index was 2.4 under common straw shading at 5% light intensity but was 2.7 under polyethylene net shading at 10% light intensity.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.63-76
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 수도권에 설치된 고속도로 휴게소 5개소를 대상으로 휴게소 공간 및 환경 특성, 식재현황을 조사 분석하여 휴게소 조경공간의 문제점과 개선방안을 제시하였다. 공간 및 환경 특성에서는 토지이용, 녹지 배치, 토지피복과 환경영향 요인으로 소음 현황, 분리녹지대 지형 구조를 조사 분석하였다. 식재현황에서는 식재개념, 식재구조, 식생경관을 조사 분석하였다. 토지이용 현황은 건물 등 시설지가 81.6%, 녹지는 18.4%이었으며, 녹지는 경관공간 5.4%, 완충공간 9.1%, 녹음공간 0.7%이었다. 녹지 배치는 분리녹지대, 건물 좌 우측, 진 출입부, 휴게소 건물 후면에 주로 배치되어 있었다. 토지피복 현황으로 평균 불투수포장율은 79.3%, 평균 투수포장율은 20.7%이었다. 소음 측정 결과는 소음원인 고속도로와 휴게소의 배치, 분리녹지대의 유형 및 규격에 따라 차이가 있었다. 식재개념 현황은 경관식재 6.7%, 기타녹지 3.4%, 완충식재 4.6%, 완충+경관식재 2.0%, 녹음식재 1.1%, 경관+녹음식재 0.5%로 조경공간 대부분이 감상을 위한 공간 위주로 조성되어 있었으며, 이용자의 휴식, 위락 공간 등 적극적 이용 가능 공간은 부족하였다. 식재구조는 교목층식재 52.2%, 관목층식재 11.8%, 교목층+관목층식재 9.4%로 대부분 단층구조이었다. 식생경관은 조사지점에 따라 식재밀도, 식재구조, 생육상태의 영향을 받고 있었다. 고속도로 휴게소 환경 개선 방안은 기반환경 개선, 공간기능 개선, 식재기능 개선으로 구분하여 제시하였다. 기반환경 개선은 휴게소 소음 개선을 위한 분리녹지대 기능 강화, 물순환 체계 개선, 비점오염 저감을 위한 시설물 설치를 제시하였다. 공간기능 개선은 휴게공간 접근성 향상을 위하여 건물 좌우측에 조성되는 녹지를 건물 전면에 배치하는 휴게공간 배치 개선과 주차장 내 녹지섬 조성을 통한 열섬현상 완화 및 보행자 안전 확보를 위한 식재 및 조성 방안을 제안하였다. 식재기능에서는 분리녹지대 완충기능 강화를 위하여 다층형 수림대 조성, 외곽녹지 완충기능 확보를 위한 상록교목+낙엽교목+관목층의 식재구조를 제시하였다. 건물 전면과 이용 선호도가 높은 건물 좌측공간에 녹음공간을 조성하고, 주제 설정을 통한 경관공간 식재방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.298-302
• /
• 2005

In order to decide the optimum planting time for Bupleurum falcatum L. which is grown widely in Korea, some experiments were carried out in different regions such as mid-north area (Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheongnamdo), mid-south area (Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do). The mid-south area had the highest total saikosaponin contents of 1.001, which is the medicinal ingredients of Bupleurum falcatum L., in accordance with the different Bupleurum falcatum L. regions. Also this area has the highest extract contents of 24.3%. Average dry root yields in mid-north area (Gangwon-do) were $450{\sim}460$ kg/ha at planting time of March 20th to March 30th, 500 kg/ha at the time of March 30th to April 10th, and $470{\sim}480$ kg/ha at the time of March 10th to March 20th in Chungcheongnam-do. The optimum planting time in the mid-south area (Jeollabuk-do) was March 10th to March 30th with the average dry root yield of $490{\sim}550$ kg/ha. Average dry root yield in Euiseong, Gyeongsangbuk-do area was 470 kg/ha, and the optimum planting time was April 10th, which suggested that the yield increased as the planting time was delayed. At Jeju-do, the volcanic soil of farsouthern area, average dry root yield was 510 kg/ha at the time of March 10th, but the yield from non-volcanic soil was lower than from volcanic soil, which had a dry root yield of 470 kg/ha.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.86-96
• /
• 2003

This study aims to improve system for the enlargement of artificial planting spaces through grasp several problems about it and related system in domestic and foreign. In order to improve system for the extension of artificial planting spaces in the urban area following plans have been presented. First, it is necessary to launch various bonus, subsidies and incentives for making planting spaces in the urban area. Second, subdivision of related regulations for using diverse planting methods is needed. Third, government has to take the initiative in pushing on with planting of artificial spaces. Fourth, it is necessary to development of concrete techniques. Finally, it is desirable to plant artificial spaces which animal and plant can live, low effect to environment and material can be circulated although the value of plantation as a meaning of simple green also are admitted. Planting of artificial spaces should be introduced in a positive light for conservation and restoration of urban ecosystem.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.28-42
• /
• 1969

Field studies were conducted with the split plot design of 20 treatment with a combination of 4 levels of 3, 5, 7 and 9 plants per hill and 5 levels of 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 hills per 3.3$m^2$ on non-, low- and high-salty areas. Rice variety, Kusabue was grown under jthe standard fertilization and cultivating. Investigation was made on the productive structure of plant population, leaf-area index, light intensity curve by stratum of crop population at the panicle differentiation stage. The competition density effect on the photosynthetic capacity was low as the salt concentration became higher. This seemed to suggest the possiblity of an increased yielding capacity by closer planting in the salty areas. The effect of an increased number of hills per unit area was greater than that of an increased unmber of plants per hill due to the total leaf area and space distribution of the actie assimilation parts of rice plants. The number of ppanicle per unit area in the salty areas were increased when the number of hill per 3.3$m^2$ increased over an increased number of plants per hill, and the panicle weight was reduced by close planting in the non-lalty area, while it was not reduced so much in the salty areas. The number of grains per panicle was significantly decreased by close planting in the salty areas as in the non-salty area, and ratio of matured grain was not decreased even by close planting in the salty areas, while it was significantly decreased by close planting in the non-salty area. An increase in the rice yield was possible by close planting and greatly related to leaf area index in the salty areas but not in the non-salty area. Increasing the number of hills per unit area showed greater effect on the increase of the rice yield than an increased number of plants per hill in the salty areas. Relationships between the growth characteristics and the rice population affected by plant spacing mode for maximum production were discussed.