• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.307-312
• /
• 2007

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) induce insulin sensitization through the activation of PPAR${\gamma}$. However, the undesirable effect such as weight gain was observed. The purpose of this study was to find out an herbal drug that could reduce the side effects of pioglitazone. Among herbal formula that we have searched, oryung-san (OR) inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes and did not affect on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In vitro, glucose uptake assay and Oil Red-O staining in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were conducted. In vivo, pioglitazone (PIO, 30 mg/kg), oryung-san (OR, 300 mg/kg), or pioglitazone co-administered with oryung-san (PIO+OR) were administered orally for 7 weeks in high fat diet (HFD) fed ICR mice and measured the body weight and blood glucose level every week. PIO+OR group significantly reduced body weight gain, triglyceride, and total cholesterol compared to PIO group. In addition, PIO+OR group showed a significant reduction of plasma glucose level (72%) compared to HFD control group. Insulin levels in PIO+OR group was also markedly decreased by 85% and 41% compared to HFD control and PIO group, respectively. Diameter of white adipocytes was decreased in the PIO+OR group compared to that in PIO group. Moreover, PIO+OR group reduced expression of PPAR${\gamma}$ and SREBP1a compared to PIO group. Taken together, oryung-san can improve side effects of pioglitazone, such as weight gain and edema, and shows a synergistic effect in plasma insulin levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2010

A new treatment is proposed to handle a deflection limit in the open-loop-onset-point (OLOP), which is commonly used in the prediction of pilot in-the-loop oscillation (PIO) due to a rate saturation. The new approach is motivated by the frequency response of a stand-alone actuator in that, unlike the suggestion by the original OLOP procedure, the rate limit onset is not delayed to a higher frequency by a deflection limit. Indeed, if a feedback control loop is closed, the rate limit onset can be shifted to a lower frequency since the controller tends to react with larger commands when deflection limited. The amplitude of the command at this onset frequency is combined with the deflection limit to estimate the associated gain reduction in the open-loop-onset-point in the final step of the OLOP process. The comparison of the new approach with the previous method reveals that an inaccurate optimism which can occur in the previous method is corrected by the proposed treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.82 no.2
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 2019

Background: A recent study reported that mesenchymal stem cells possess potential cellular therapeutic properties for treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is characterized by emphysema. We examined the potential therapeutic effect of Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs), following pretreatment with pioglitazone, in lung regeneration mouse emphysema models. Methods: We used two mouse emphysema models, an elastase-induced model and a cigarette smoke-induced model. We intravenously injected WJMSCs ($1{\times}10^4/mouse$) to mice, pretreated or not, with pioglitazone for 7 days. We measured the emphysema severity by mean linear intercepts (MLI) analysis using lung histology. Results: Pioglitazone pretreated WJMSCs (pioWJMSCs) were associated with greater lung regeneration than non-augmented WJMSCs in the two mouse emphysema models. In the elastase-induced emphysema model, the MLIs were $59.02{\pm}2.42{\mu}m$ (n=6), $72.80{\pm}2.87{\mu}m$ (n=6), for pioWJMSCs injected mice, and non-augmented WJMSCs injected mice, respectively (p<0.01). Both pioWJMSCs and non-augmented WJMSCs showed regenerative effects in the cigarette smoke emphysema model (MLIs were $41.25{\pm}0.98$ [n=6] for WJMSCs and $38.97{\pm}0.61{\mu}m$ [n=6] for pioWJMSCs) compared to smoking control mice ($51.65{\pm}1.36{\mu}m$, n=6). The mean improvement of MLI appeared numerically better in pioWJMSCs than in non-augmented WJMSCs injected mice, but the difference did not reach the level of statistical significance (p=0.071). Conclusion: PioWJMSCs may produce greater lung regeneration, compared to non-augmented WJMSCs, in a mouse emphysema model.

• Advances in robotics research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.99-112
• /
• 2018

The main contribution of this work is the design of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based ARX-Laguerre proportional-integral observation (PIO) system for fault detection and identification (FDI) in a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear uncertain dynamical robot manipulators. An ARX-Laguerre method was used in this study to dynamic modeling the robot manipulator in the presence of uncertainty and disturbance. To address the challenges of robustness, fault detection, isolation, and estimation the proposed FPGA-based PI observer was applied to the ARX-Laguerre robot model. The effectiveness and accuracy of FPGA based ARX-Laguerre PIO was tested by first three degrees of the freedom PUMA robot manipulator, yielding 6.3%, 10.73%, and 4.23%, average performance improvement for three types of faults (e.g., actuator fault, sensor faults, and composite fault), respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.128-128
• /
• 1985

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.44 no.11
• /
• pp.713-718
• /
• 2011

In this study, the effects of sitagliptin analogue (SITA) or pioglitazone (PIO) treatment on glucose homeostasis and ${\beta}$-cell dynamics in animal models of type 2 diabetes-Akita and db/db mice were evaluated. After 4-6 weeks of treatment, both SITA and PIO were shown to lower non-fasting glucose levels and reduced glycemic excursion in the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. In addition, both drugs preserved normal islet structure and the proportion of ${\beta}$-cells in the islets. Compared to the controls, SITA treatment induced a higher ${\beta}$-cell proliferation rate in Akita mice and a lower rate of apoptosis in db/db mice, whereas PIO treatment induced a lower rate of apoptosis in db/db mice and reduced proliferation rates in Akita mice. In conclusion, both SITA and PIO appear to exert some beneficial effects on the islet structure in addition to glycemic control via different mechanisms that involve ${\beta}$-cell dynamics in Akita and db/db mice.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.356-362
• /
• 2017

This paper presents a robust position controller for a one degree-of-freedom (DOF) mechanical system using only position measurement. In order to alleviate the performance degradation owing to various uncertainties, a two-stage design method is studied by employing a proportional integral observer (PIO). In the first stage, a baseline backstepping controller is designed for a nominal system without accounting for uncertainties. The PIO is developed for estimating both the velocity information for the backstepping controller and an equivalent input disturbance for a feedforward compensation using the estimated uncertainty. It is shown that the estimation errors with the proposed PIO can be made arbitrarily small in a finite time. If the system suffers from undesirable actuator nonlinearities, however, it might be necessary to estimate the velocity and the disturbance with different rates of convergence. The proposed method combines the predesigned backstepping controller and dual PIOs to reduce mechanical vibrations as well as steady-state errors. The performance of the proposed method is tested through comparative computer simulations and experiments using a laboratory prototype.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.59-83
• /
• 1984

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.11
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2016

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.259-260
• /
• 2017